• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.212-224
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• 2007

Metabolism is one of the pivotal biology concepts, but many students have difficulty understanding it. The purposes of this study were (1) to explore 8th graders' conceptual change of an enzyme after classes of experimenting enzyme reaction and interpreting data using systematic analogies, (2) to discover the role of systematic analogies to enhance students' understanding, and (3) to explain students' difficulty understanding concepts as the ontological features. Systematic analogies were designed to encourage students to interpret their lab activities on enzyme reaction rates. Data were collected by using the pre-test and the post-test of open-ended form, students' worksheets, and interviews with students. After classes, the number of students to engender scientific conceptions about the function of enzyme, its structure, and its mechanism has increased. But more students failed to understand the reaction mechanisms having ontological features of equilibration processes than to understand the function of enzyme having ontological features of event-like processes. Even though the concepts of enzymes are hard to grasp owing to their ontological attributes of equilibration processes, a part of students' conceptions successfully progressed from the idea belonging to event-like processes to one belonging to equilibration processes. And systematic analogies were found to contribute in enhancing students' conceptual change of the enzyme reaction.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.57-74
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• 2000

Students' concepts of scientific phenomena have become a point of focus in science education research. This study investigated into developmental process and mechanism of the students' respiration concept through a cross-age study. This study utilized the 1st, 3rd, 6th grade elementary students to find out changes in student's understanding of the concept of respiration. The 1st and 3rd grade level students were interviewed what the respiration mean and whether each of living things respires, etc. The 6th grade students were interviewed and tested. Respiration is a word that students come across often in everyday life. It was found that they were more likely to associate respiration with its more common concept of breathing or gas exchange as opposed to its more scientific definition as the process in which nutrients are oxidized to provide energy. This trend didn't improve as they advanced grade. This is an indication that the knowledge system of student is split into a generic knowledge system and scientific knowledge system. Understanding of concept increased and differentiated across grade levels but that understanding was limited. They overcome their tendency to base their understanding of respiration on their understanding of human phenomena and learn to integrate their understanding of biological phenomena through a one organ - one role type of logic. They also intuitively explain everything based on their own experience.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.235-263
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of children's understanding of fractions in mathematics problem solving. Kieren has claimed that the concept of fractions is not a single construct, but consists of several interrelated subconstructs(i.e., part-whole, ratio, operator, quotient and measure). Later on, in the early 1980s, Behr et al. built on Kieren's conceptualization and suggested a theoretical model linking the five subconstructs of fractions to the operations of fractions, fraction equivalence and problem solving. In the present study we utilized this theoretical model as a reference to investigate children's understanding of fractions. The case study has been conducted with 6 children consisted of 4th to 5th graders to detect how they understand factions, and how their understanding influence problem solving of subconstructs, operations of fractions and equivalence. Children's understanding of fractions was categorized into "part-whole", "ratio", "operator", "quotient", "measure" and "result of operations". Most children solved the problems based on their conceptual structure of fractions. However, we could not find the particular relationships between children's understanding of fractions and fraction operations or fraction equivalence, while children's understanding of fractions significantly influences their solutions to the problems of five subconstructs of fractions. We suggested that the focus of teaching should be on the concept of fractions and the meaning of each operations of fractions rather than computational algorithm of fractions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.113-135
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• 2017

Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2003

Representation has been main topic in teaching and learning mathematics for a long time. Moreover, teachers' deficiency of representation about fraction results in teaching algorithms without conceptual understanding. So, this paper was conducted to investigate and analysize the elementary preservice mathematics teachers' representation about fraction. 38 elementary preservice mathematics teachers participated in this study. This study results showed that, the only model of a fraction that was familiar to the preservice teachers was the part of whole one. And research showed that, they solved the problems about fraction well using algorithms but seldom express the sentence which illustrates the meaning of the operation by a fraction. Specially, the division aspect of a fraction was not familiar nor readily accepted. It menas that preservice teachers are used to using algorithms without a conceptual understanding of the meaning of the operation by a fraction. This results give us some implications. Most of all, teaching programs in preservice mathematics teachers education have to devise to form a network among the concepts in relation to fraction. And we must emphasize how to teach and what to teach in preservice mathematics teachers education course. Finally, we have to invent the various materials which can be used to educate both preservice teachers and elementary school students. If we want to improve the mathematical ability of students, we will concentrate preservice teachers education.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study is to bring new light on TalYeong-SilJeong (exhaustion of Yeonggi and loss of Essence) through the verification of both the original intention of Hwangjenaegyeong and the conceptual variation afterwards. Methods: Of various East Asian medical texts, those inferring to TalYeong-SilJeong includeing Hwangjenaegyeong itself were closely examined under the aspect of its conception. Results: TalYeong-SilJeong was suggested as the first representative tool and accurate diagnostic method of questioning in order to determine the mental state of a patient. However, medical scholars have suggested different levels of meaning. Some used the term for the broad coverage of mental illnesses, understanding Hwangjenaegyeong's discrimination as symbolic gesture, while others projected an unchallenged value on it and weaved it into the concrete set of a disease. Conclusions: The treatment of TalYeong-SilJeong is suggested according to the varying viewpoints of each medical text. By understanding multiple layers of the conception beyond, a clinician is expected to gain an exuberant image of conception on the one hand and an insight for more effective treatment on the other hand.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.193-214
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• 2002

This study examines the background of the PDL(Personal Digital Library) as well as a conceptual understanding of the PDL in knowledge-based society. Recent case studies are also included. The chief concepts of the PDL are Systems(Digital Library, Knowledge Management System, Internet Portal Site), Models of knowledge, and personalization. The findings in this study are as follows. \circled1 We must find the meaning in the change of a society environment in which the personalization happens. \circled2 The contents must not be restricted. \circled3 The system is to satisfy requirements of the individual. \circled4 The GNU General Public License is a system development method for the PDL.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Assessment provides valuable information for both teachers and students regarding how well each is doing. Assessment also defines what students must know and be able to do to succeed in a teacher's class. The purpose of this study is to analysis the mathematics assessment items based on strands of mathematical proficiency of National Research Council. According to the study results, the rate of right answers was high in adaptive reasoning and conceptual understanding(over 80%). On the other hand, the rate of right answers was lower in strategic competence(62%) than other strands.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aims to delineate Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) by applying the components of New Institutional Theory (NIT) to provide an understanding of how Islamic banks theoretically influence Shariah Governance (SG) practice, structure, and process. Design/methodology/approach: As it is a conceptual paper, this paper has prepared based on an analytical approach to show how such institutions could provide a more effective system concerning the contents, procedures, and practices for the multiple users in the SG process of Islamic banks. Findings: The paper critically explores the adoption of NIT to develop SGF with its existing practice, structure, and procedure. Utilizing NIT, a proposed theoretical framework has developed for exploring the SG through its major components, i.e., 'isomorphism' and 'legitimacy'. It is stated that NIT can offer a useful framework by which homogenous structures, comprising guidelines, standards, and practices become recognized and authorized as a satisfactory standard corporate exercise. Thus, the proposed theoretical framework would be beneficial in understanding and exploring the SGF. Conclusion: The application of this SGF could help to justify the key dimensions of NIT with its overall formation, function, and practices that might also help to attain legitimacy.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-225
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• 2022

This paper details case study vignettes that focus on enhancing the teaching and learning of geometry and measurement in the elementary grades with attention to pedagogical practices for teaching through problem solving with rigor and centering equitable teaching practices. Rigor is a matter of equity and opportunity (Dana Center, 2019). Rigor matters for each and every student and yet research indicates historically disadvantaged and underserved groups have more of an opportunity gap when it comes to rigorous mathematics instruction (NCTM, 2020). Along with providing a conceptual framework that focuses on the importance of equitable instruction, our study unpacks ways teachers can leverage their deep understanding of geometry and measurement learning trajectories to amplify the mathematics through rigorous problems using multiple approaches including learning by doing, challenged-based and mathematical modeling instruction. Through these vignettes, we provide examples of tasks taught through rigorous problem solving approaches that support conceptual teaching and learning of geometry and measurement. Specifically, each of the three vignettes presented includes a task that was implemented in an elementary classroom and a vertically articulated task that engaged teachers in a professional learning workshop. By beginning with elementary tasks to more sophisticated concepts in higher grades, we demonstrate how vertically articulating a deeper understanding of the learning trajectory in geometric thinking can add to the rigor of the mathematics.