• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to develop a computerized test to measure the level of mathematic achievement and related cognitive functions in children and adolescents in South Korea. Methods: The computerized Comprehensive Learning Test-Mathematic (CLT-M) consists of the whole number computation test, enumeration of dot group test, number line estimation test, numeral comparing test (magnitude/distance), rapid automatized naming test, digit span test, and working memory test. To obtain the necessary data and to investigate the reliability and validity of this test, 399 children and adolescents from kindergarten to middle school were recruited. Results: The internal consistency reliability of the CLT-M was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.76). Four factors explained 66.4% of the cumulative variances. In addition, the data for all of the CLT-M subtests were obtained. Conclusion: The computerized CLT-M can be used as a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the level of mathematical achievement and associated cognitive functions in Korean children and adolescents. This test can also be helpful to detect mathematical learning disabilities, including specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics, in Korea.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of the computerized cognitive function test system (called CNFT) for evaluating the cognitive function and to provide its normative data. Methods : For this purpose, 140 normal adults participated in a investigation to provide the normative data of CNFT. 40 normal adults participated in an evaluating experiment to verify the reliability and validity. CNFT consists of attention, memory, sensori-motor coordination, and frontal lobe & higher cognitive function domains. Because CNFT is a computerized evaluation tool, all results and operations are processed consistently and automatically. Results : In the results, as the age of subjects increased, the average accuracy decreased and response time increased. Additionally, memory and frontal lobe & higher cognitive function was lower than other domains. Test-retest reliability of 2 weeks interval was highly correlated (r=.48~.85) and there is no significant difference between test and retest scores. CNFT was highly correlated with computerized neurocognitive function test (r=.67~.79; p<.05). Conclusion : Normative data of CNFT were obtained, and the guidelines for the interpretation were provided. A reliable and valid clinically applicable computerized cognitive function test was developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2011

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2020

This study aims to evaluate the effect of computerized tax services in improving tax performance by moderating governance principles in Jordanian tax income departments. The study is based on a questionnaire distributed to income tax auditors, who were chosen by the simple random sampling method, so that 170 questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis. The study models were formulated in the form of simple and multiple regression equations to test the hypotheses of the study, in addition to relying on One Sample T-test to calculate the mean of questionnaire answers. The most prominent research results is that the application of tax governance principles through the provision of computerized tax services is reflected in the increase in confidence between taxpayers and income tax departments, the efficiency of tax performance, and tax proceeds. Also, the study pointed out the importance of the income tax departments to prepare strategic plans regarding the development and the follow-up of modern technologies related to computerized tax services. It especially regards linking and collecting tax from taxpayers such as via electronic tax payment and collection system, in order to ensure the speed of completion, accuracy of calculation, and raising the efficiency of tax performance.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to develop computerized screening test items for mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Through literature reviews, items from computerized tests for screening mild cognitive impairment were extracted. A panel of professional experts validated that the items were important and fit to screen for mild cognitive impairment. Results: A total 37 items were extracted from 12 computerized tests and 11 new items were added through the first panel review. After that, 18 items were removed via the second panel review. Finally, 16 items were selected by analyzing content validity ratio. 16 items consisted of memory, attention, and executive function areas. Conclusions: A total of 16 computerized test items were developed. It is urgent to validate them to screen mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, standardization studies for this test are required in the future.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the computerized general neurocognitive test using intuitive evaluation techniques to reflect the needs of the elderly and to validate neurocognitive function appropriately. The subjects were 100 elderly people who were over 60 healthy people. To evaluate the comprehensive neurocognitive function of the elderly, Computerized Neuro-cognitive Function Test (CNT, cybermedic. Co., Korea) developed by CyberMedic was used. The test consist of attention test, memory test and the problem solving ability test. As a result of correlation analysis of CNT test items, it was possible to confirm the characteristics of measuring single domain of attention and memory test. The problem-solving ability test also showed a high level of significant correlation, although the purpose of measurement was different, but a comprehensive cognitive function test for problem solving was possible. In the reliability analysis, the half reliability and internal consistency of test - retest were significantly higher. As a result of the above study, we conclude that the comprehensive neurocognitive test items constituted in this study have achieved reproducibility and effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 1993

Computerization has been applied in most areas of health care in recent years. But computerized standardized nursing care plans have not yet been adequately developed even though they can significantly contribute to an improvement in the quality of nursing care. Therefore, this study was done to develop computerized nursing care plans. For this purpose, the study had the following objectives ; 1) to develop a computerized program for standardized nursing care plans which include defining characteristics, relating factors, expected out-comes and nursing interventions 2) to test applicability of the computerized pro-grams to the actual clinical situation of the clinical nurse. Application of the system development life cycle by davis was used as the study methodology. There are five stages in this method : strategy planning development, system analysis, system design, system practice and system evaluation. The first four steps in this methodology were used in this project. Two clinical nurses were selected to apply this computerized program in the clinical situation. The results of the study are as follows ; 1) Ten standardized nursing care plans including defining characteristics, relating factors, expected outcomes and nursing interventions which had been proven to have validity in the clinical setting were computerized using the Foxbase Program. 2) These programs were applied to the actual clinical situation by two clinic친 nurses working at Severance Hospital. For further study, continuous revision should be done by the users. Evaluation related to the utilization of the program should also be done.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.692-707
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• 1998

Aim. A neurobehavioral test for workers exposed to organic solvents in the workplace can be affected by many factors : age, education, motivation, ethnicity, etc. To apply more suitable neurobehavioral test for Korean workers, we evaluated the validity of several items of computerized and traditional neurobehavioral tests. Methods. We have applied eleven tests : four items of computerized neurobehavioral test(Swedish Performance Evaluation System) including Addition, Symbol-Digit, Dig-it Span, and Finger tapping speed, and seven items of traditional neurobehavioral test consisting of Addition, Digit-Symbol, Digit Span, Benton visual retention test, Pursuit aiming, Pegboard, and Tapping. These tests were performed on 96 workers exposed to solvents, and 100 reference workers. The concurrent and construct validities were evaluated by group difference, correlation with age, educational level, hippuric acid level, neurotoxic symptom, current exposure level, multitrait-multimethod matrix, fator analysis, and discriminant analysis. Results. Statistically significant differences were observed between the workers exposed to solvents and referents in computerized Symbol-Digit, Finger tapping speed, traditional Digit-Symbol and Pegboard. The computerized Symbol-Digit, traditional Digit-Symbol, Addition, Benton visual retention test, and Pegboard were found to be related to the age. The performance of computerized Symbol-Digit, Addition, and traditional Digit-Symbol were found to be related to the educational level significantly. The computerized Symbol-Digit, Finger tapping speed, and traditional Digit-Symbol were found to be related to hippuric acid, and neurotoxic symptom. The discriminability of Finger tapping speed, and Pegboard was better than the other tests. In discriminant analysis, the model with two variables, the computerized Symbol-Digit and Pegboard, classified almost 70 percent of the workers correctly. Conclusions. These results suggest that the computerized Symbol-Digit, Finger tapping speed, and Pegboard are more satisfactory for our purpose, and the Addition, Tapping, Benton visual retention test, and Pursuit aiming are less valid than other items. These may allow the reasonable selection of core neurobehavioral tests for workers exposed to solvents in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.275-289
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• 2009

A new computerized testing system, called the Computerized Multiple-choice Testing (CMMT) system, was introduced. In this system, questions of multiple choice (MC) items are presented first without options, so that students must generate answers for themselves. They can click for the options when they are ready, and can respond within a brief, specified time period. The present study was performed to examine whether this system is effective in reducing backward reasoning, I. e., using the options of MC items as cues to find the correct answer. One hundred and seventy-seven 6th grade students (12 year olds) were divided into two groups so that mean scores from a prior test were equal: The experimental group took an intervening computerized test in the new format, and the control group in the MC format. Five days after the computerized intervening test, a short answer paper-and-pencil final test was given. Testing effect was greater in the new system than in the MC system. Analysis of the final test response in relation to the intervening test response showed that i) the students retained the correct answer in the new system more than in the MC testing system, and that ii) students corrected their previous failures in the intervening CMMT format more than those in the MC format. These results suggest that the new system is effective in reducing backward reasoning.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop computerized attention tasks using smart devices for preschool aged children for assessment of auditory attention, visual attention, and attention shifting abilities. We then evaluated their construct and concurrent validity of them. Methods : Sixty-seven 5- to 7-year-old children attending kindergarten were recruited. Newly developed computerized attention tasks and existing standardized attention tests such as Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) and Children's Color Trails Test-2 (CCTT-2) were successively administered. To examine the concurrent validity of these tasks, correlation coefficients between the participants' scores on the newly developed tasks and the scores on well-known measures were calculated for assessment of each component construct. We also examined the construct validity of the tasks using the developmental trend of the auditory attention, visual attention, and attention shifting abilities with age. Results : Significant correlations were observed between the scores of computerized attention tasks using smart devices and corresponding scores of ATA-auditory task, visual task, and CCTT-2. And there were significant linear increasing trends of correct scores with age from 5 to 7 years. Conclusion : This study provides promising evidence for the utility of computerized attention tasks using smart devices for preschool-aged children.