• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.64-86
• /
• 2010

Korea has had problems with the price and supply of essential drugs such as Gleevec for leukemia, Fuzeon for HIV/AIDS, and Tamiflu for both avian flu and swine flu. The shortage or refusal of patented drugs supply is imposing a heavy burden in not only developing countries but also developed countries. Thinking over the serious results, we need to concern about the limited access to patented drugs by multinational drug companies' patent monopoly especially for pandemic and life threatening diseases. The effective response regarding to pandemic and life threatening diseases. The effective response regarding to pandemic situation requests collaborative and unbiased provisions of all countries in the world, however, sometimes patent monopoly may hinder the efforts. Compulsory licensing has been considered to be a useful alternative to the abuse of patent rights. However, the Korean experiences of compulsory licensing have left some controversial issues in connection with the availability of it in Korea. 'Flexibility' allowed in TRIPS and Doha Declaration has not come into effect in Korea for several reasons. Although the situation shows the limitations of compulsory licensing as a pharmaceutical supply policy, it is clear that compulsory licensing still has the possibilities of enhancing the access to medicines of all countries in need. Through searching the institutionalization process and experiments of compulsory licensing in Korea, this article explores the possibilities and the limits.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제30호
• /
• pp.85-115
• /
• 2012

세계적으로 민간경비산업은 경제발전과 비례하여 성장해 왔다. 기존의 국가기관에 의한 치안서비스로는 다양한 경제주체와 국민들의 보다 질 좋은 경비서비스에 대한 욕구를 충족해주지 못하였기 때문이다. 따라서 현대의 민간경비업체에 의한 치안서비스는, 기본적으로 시장의 원리에 의한 자율경쟁 하에서 제공되는 서비스의 질과 가격, 그리고 고객의 수요에 따라 결정된다고 할 수 있다. 그렇지만 경비서비스의 공공재적 성격상 국가가 해당 경비업체의 자격과 서비스 질을 평가하고 관리하는 세련된 관리시스템도 필수적이다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 민간경비산업의 비약적 성장에도 불구하고 경비서비스의 질을 담보할 수 있는 경비원 자격, 훈련 및 경비업체에 대한 국가적 관리시스템은 뒤떨어져 있다는 비판이 꾸준히 제기되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 민간경비산업에 대한 국가적 규제정책이 체계화되어 있으면서도 경비업체의 자율성을 중시, 경비서비스의 질을 높이기 위한 민 관의 협력적 체제가 잘 구축된 영국의 경비원 의무적 자격증제도 및 인증계약자 제도를 자세히 검토하고 우리나라의 경비 산업 규제정책에 주는 시사점을 살펴본다. 영국의 민간산업정책의 가장 큰 특징은 독립된 민간경비산업위원회를 두어, 민간경비 규제업무의 전문화와 품질향상 효과를 높임으로써 민간경비산업의 자율적인 발전을 이끌고 있다는 점이다. 또한 매우 구체적이고 세부적인 규정과 기준을 마련하면서도 자발적인 인증계약 제도를 도입하여, 경비업체의 재무구조의 투명성, 양질의 경비원 충원 등을 통해 경비서비스의 질을 향상시키고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 민간경비산업위원회에서 다양한 설문과 여론조사를 통해 민간경비서비스 제공자와 고객의 인식과 수요를 판단, 민간경비산업 정책에 대한 전문성을 높여가고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 검토를 통해 우리나라에서도 경찰청 위주의 비전문적 민간경비관리시스템에서 벗어나 영국과 같은 전문적인 국가기관의 민간경비관리기관을 설치하고, 경비원 의무적 자격증제, 인증계약자제도를 도입할 것을 제안한다.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore institutional frameworks to professionalize housing management in Korea. In particular, this research reviews the evolution of professional housing management and its institutional measures in a social constructionist perspective. The main method employed in the study is content analysis in which historical pathways in institutionalization of professional housing management are examined and a wide array of indices from secondary data are drawn out in relation to various actors. The findings show that a series of institutional measures were taken from 1970s to secure the professionalization of housing management ranging from introduction of housing management bylaws, placement of licensed housing managers, legal requirements of professionally managed housing estates, compulsory operation of long-term reserve funds, formation of residents' association, mandatory establishment of long-range maintenance planning, to standardization of multifamily housing management bylaws. Since the Multifamily Housing Management Ordinance of 1979 amended in 1980s, many institutional measures have been legally enforced and shaped contemporary practices of professional housing management such as an association for housing management companies, qualification of on-site housing management agents, national licensing examination for housing managers, an organization for licensed housing mangers, mandatory registration of housing management companies, disclosure of monthly housing management fees, and formalization of public assessment of housing management. In spite of the distinctive marks in the professionalization of housing management, more proactive and competitive approaches to the international professionalization need to be considered.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.394-398
• /
• 2019

Education on the physician continues with undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuous medical education. The countries such as the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, German, and others are required to undergo training in the clinical field for 2 years after completing the national medical examination, and to become doctors after passing the clinical practice license test. Korea can obtain a medical license and become a clinical doctor at the same time if it passes written and practical tests after completing 6 years of undergraduate medical education or 4 years of graduate school. About 90% of medical school graduates replace clinical practice with 4-5 years of training to acquire professional qualifications, but this is an option for individual doctors rather than an extension of the licensing system under law. The medical professional qualification system is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on the regulation. In fact, under the supervision of the government, the Korean Hospital Association, the Korean Medical Association, and the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences progress most procedures. After training and becoming a specialist, the only thing that is given to a specialist is the right to mark him or her as a specialist in marking a medical institution and advertising. The government's guidelines for professional training are too restrictive, such as the recruitment method of residents, annual training courses of residents, dispatch rule of the residents, and the quota of residents of training hospitals. Although professional training systems are operated in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, most of them are organized and operated by public professional organizations and widely recognize the autonomy of academic institutions and hospitals. Korea should also introduce a compulsory education system after graduating from medical education and organize and initiate by autonomic public professional organization that meets global standards.