• 약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1982

Uremia is associated with defective protein binding of weakly acidic drugs, whereas the protein binding of basic drugs tends to be normal. The exact chemical nature of compound(s) and mechanism for these changes as yet is unknown, and has not been defined. Organic solvent extraction of pooled normal human urine following hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid produced an extract, which when added to normal human serum, was capable of inducing binding defects similar to those in uremia. Binding defects were observed with the weakly acidic drugs such as nafcillin, salicylate, sulfamethoxazole and phenytoin while the binding of the basic drugs such as trimethoprim and quinidine were unaffected. The binding defects induced by the hydrolyzed urine extract could readily be corrected by same organic solvent extraction of acidified serum and the defects could be transferred to the normal human serum using the organic solvent layer at the physiologic pH (7.4). Followed by reacidification ind extraction of the binding defects induced serum with the same solvent, separated several fractions were obtained on thin-layer chromatography. One of these fractions could reinduce the binding defects and this factor(s) is apparently weakly acidic compounds and tightly bound to serum at physiologic pH, but extractable at acidic pH, and its molecular weight range is approximately 500 or less similar to those seen in uremia. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the drug binding defect in uremia is due to the accumulation of endogenous metabolic products which arc normally excreted by the kidneys but accumulate in renal failure.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.168-175
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• 2008

The method of reinforced earth walls has grown remarkably and the frequency of utilization has been increased on a national scale thereafter introduced in the middle 1980s in Korea. Furthermore the construction case of the extensive Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls had been increased. Currently, the design criterion of FHWA and NCMA mainly used in Korea suggest determining the horizontal distance of the upper/lower retaining wall based on the study results of the internal stability and the external stability of Segmental Retaining Walls but in many cases are not suitable for the actual situation in Korea. Therefore, in this study reviewed the design criterion of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls, performed the internal and external stability in Paju, Gyeonggi-do based on the design criterion of FHWA and NCMA, suggested the modified design criterion of FHWA with analyzing the results, and performed the stability analysis for the internal and external stability and the compound failure. Moreover for the confirmation of the modified FHWA design standard, the suggestion and the analysis of the numerical analysis approaching method using shear strength reduction technique were performed and the design cases utilized the modified FHWA design standard based on the study analysis were introduced.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.291-305
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• 2011

The new structure consisting of continuous compound spiral hoop reinforced concrete (CCSHRC)column and steel concrete composite (SCC) beam has both the advantages of steel structures and concrete structures. Two types of beam-to-column connections applied in this structural system are presented in this paper. The connection details are as follows: the main bars in beam concrete pass through the core zone for both types of connections. For connecting bar connection, the steel I-beam webs are connected by bolts to a steel plate passing through the joint while the top and bottom flanges of the beams are connected by four straight and two X-shaped bars. For bolted end-plate connection, the steel I-beam webs are connected by stiffened extended end-plates and eight long shank bolts passing through the core zone. In order to study the seismic behaviour and failure mechanisms of the connections, quasi-static tests were conducted on both types of full-scale connection subassemblies and core zone specimens. The load-drift hysteresis loops show a plateau for the connecting bar connection while they are excellent plump for bolted end-plate connection. The shear capacity formulas of both types of connections are presented and the values calculated by the formula agree well with the test results.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2002

In this paper, efficiency estimation of toxicity fee fire resistance cable experiments was measured smoke density of toxicity free fire resistance polyolefin insulation material and electric field dependence of tree shape in low density polyethylene (LDPE). One of the most serious causes of failure in high-voltage cables, can be an electrical discharge across an internal gab or void in the insulating material. Treeing due to partial discharge is one of the main causes of breakdown in the insulating materials and reduction of the insulation life. Therefore the necessity for establishing a method to diagnose the aging of insulation materials and to predict the breakdown of insulation and research of the fire resistance character has become important. First, we have studied on electric field dependence of tree shape in LDPE about treeing phenomena occurring on the high electrical field. Second, the measurement method is the attenuation quantity of irradiation by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to non-flaming heat decomposition and flaming combustion. A main cause of fire-growth and generating toxic gas when, it bums, should be dealt with great care in life. safety design. The fire gases were occurred carbon monoxide and decomposition than in polyolefin due to incomplete combustion of PVC, which has high content of carbon in chemical compound.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 다단식보강토옹벽의 해석과 시험 시공을 통해 안정성을 검토한 내용을 다루었다. 한계평형에 근간을 둔 현행의 설계기준에 근거하여 설계된 각기 다른 네 개의 현장 옹벽에 대해 내 외적 안정성 대한 안정성 검토를 실시하였으며, 국외 보강토옹벽의 설계법인 FHWA 및 NCMA의 설계에 의거한 다단식보강토옹벽의 시험시공을 통해 상 하단 옹벽의 상호작용에 의한 거동에 대해 분석을 실시하였다. 본 논문에서는 연구결과를 토대로 다단식보강토옹벽의 역학적 거동을 이해하고, 설계 및 시공의 주안점을 언급하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2003

본 고에서는 성균관대학교에 시공된 시험옹벽의 계측결과와 국외에서 발표된 옹벽 붕괴사례를 토대로 강우가 보강토 옹벽의 거동에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 시험옹벽에서의 계측결과에서는 집중강우 발생시 벽체 변위 및 보강재의 유발변형율이 증가하는 추세가 뚜렷하게 관찰 되었다. 한편 국외 사례에서도 보강토 옹벽의 붕괴에 있어서 집중강우가 원인을 제공하는 것으로 나타났으며 본 옹벽의 경우 연결강도에 대한 설계가 제대로 이루어지지 않아 강우로 인해 발생한 침투수압에 블록/보강재 연결부가 충분한 저항을 하지 못하여 붕괴가 일어 난것으로 조사되었다. 본 논문에서는 강우와 보강토 옹벽의 거동의 상관관계를 분석 고찰하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2019

Glioma is the most common brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. While temozolomide (TMZ) based chemotherapy significantly improves survival in glioma patients, resistance against this compound commonly leads to glioma treatment failure. Overexpression of long-noncoding RNA (LncRNA) FoxD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FoxD2-AS1) was identified to promote glioma development, but the role in TMZ resistance remains unclear. In this paper, we found that FoxD2-AS1 was overexpressed in recurrent glioma, high FoxD2-AS1 expression was significantly correlated with poor patient outcome. Methylation of $O^6$-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is significantly less frequent in high FoxD2-AS1 expression patients. Knockdown of FoxD2-AS1 decreased the proliferation, metastatic ability of glioma cells and promote the sensitivity to TMZ in glioma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of FoxD2-AS1 induced hypermethylation of the promoter region of MGMT. Our data suggested that FoxD2-AS1 is a clinical relevance LncRNA and mediates TMZ resistance by regulating the methylation status of the MGMT promoter region.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.124-145
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• 1999

Anal Therapy is taken valid compound of herb med and has many kinds of treatments. As one of the anal therapy, retention enema is most common and useful way. This study was performed in order to literatural basements of clinical treatments. we had cleared manifest about the origin and literatural basement of anal therapy, methods of management, classification of indication, clinical application and so forth. The results were summerised as follows. 1. It explained relationships between anus and Ojang-yukbu(五臟六腑), Sibie-geongmaek(十二經脈). But in fact the origin of anal therapy is Milgeon-dobub(蜜煎導法) and Jedamjib-dobub(猪膽汁導法) in Sanghan-jabbyungron(傷寒雜病論) of Han Dynasty. 2. The effect of anal therapy can be reached to the destination through theory of the organism which is called Jung-chei theory(整體論) and local medical action. We can find a little in Naegeong(內經), which is basement of Hang-jang therapy. 3. Anal Therapy have Kwanjaogbub(灌腸法), Guhangbub(灸肛法), Dohangbub(塗肛法), Hoonhangbub(熏肛法), Saekhangbub(塞肛法), Youkhangbub(浴肛法), Jwajeombub(坐점法) e.t.c. 4. Anal Therapy is available when person can't taken by mouth. Its benefits are fast effect and low side effect about liver because it is not taken trough liver mostly. 5. Anal Therapy has been used for the treatment of diseases such as stroke, high fever, pneumonia, ulcerative colitis, prostatitis, renal failure, pelvic inflammation. cancer and so on.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2021

Among the different cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), the activation of platelets is a necessary step. Based on this knowledge, therapeutic treatments for CVDs that target the disruption of platelet activation are proving to be worthwhile. One such substance, a bioactive 6,7-dihydroxy derived from coumarin, is 6,7-Dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (esculetin). This compound has demonstrated several pharmacological effects on CVDS as well as various other disorders including diabetes, obesity, and renal failure. In various reports, esculetin and its effect has been explored in experimental mouse models, human platelet activation, esculetin-inhibited collagen, and washed human platelets exhibiting aggregation via arachidonic acid. Yet, esculetin affected aggregation with agonists like U46619 or thrombin in no way. This study investigated esculetin and how it affected human platelet aggregation activated through U46619. Ultimately, we confirmed that esculetin had an effect on the aggregation of human platelets when induced from U46619 and clarified the mechanism. Esculetin interacts with the downregulation of both phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases, important phosphoproteins that are involved in activating platelets and their signaling process. The effects of esculetin reduced TXA₂ production, phospholipase A₂ activation, and platelet secretion of intracellular granules (ATP/serotonin), ultimately causing inhibition of overall platelet aggregation. These results clearly define the effect of esculetin in inhibiting platelet activity and thrombus formation in humans.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2021

The aim of this review is to introduce the progress in trauma surgery made during war. In the 16th century, Paré reintroduced ligature of arteries, which had been introduced by Celsus and Galen, instead of cauterization during amputation. Larrey, a surgeon in Napoleon's military, adapted the "flying artillery" to serve as "flying ambulances" for rapid transport of the wounded. He established rules for the triage of war casualties, treating wounded soldiers according to the seriousness of their injuries and the urgency of medical care. To treat fractures and tuberculosis, Thomas created the "Thomas splint", which was used to stabilize fractured femurs and prevent infection; in World War I (WWI), use of this splint reduced the mortality of compound femur fractures from 87% to less than 8%. During WWI, Cushing systematized the treatment of head injuries, reducing mortality among head injury patients. Gillies repaired facial injuries, and his experiences became the basis of craniofacial and aesthetic surgery. In WWII, McIndoe discovered that immersion in saline promoted burn healing and improved survival rates, and thus began saline baths and early grafting instead of using tannic acid. A high mortality rate in patients with acute renal failure was noted in WWII and the Korean War. In the Korean War, Teschan used the Kolff-Brigham dialyzer. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by the US Army in Burma during WWII. As a lotus blooms in the mud, military surgeons have contributed to trauma surgery during wartime.