• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.161-171
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• 2007

With a rapid expansion of the elderly population, there is a greater demand for the construction of senior complexes. However, due to a land price increase and insufficient financial resources, accommodating such a demand is challenging. Also, as aging progresses, many elderlies tend to be isolated from local community, because of deteriorating health. As a result, constructing senior complexes is becoming an important community project. The construction of senior complexes in Korea has been started since early 2000, so it is still in the beginning stage in Korea. However, in the case of Japan, they have more experience in building such buildings. Therefore, in this study, 49 senior complexes in Japan were analysed, and the following spatial characteristics were derived. 1. By classifying senior complexes largely into a complex type with similar facilities and a complex type with different facilities, 12 types were derived. Depending on the types of facilities, basic sharing rooms and selectively sharing rooms by need are suggested. 2. Depending on 4 characteristics, such as spatial composition, entrance type, circulation form, and complex facility type, 17 types of senior complexes were derived, and the characteristics of each type are presented.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1161-1170
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• 2021

The MOBA game is updated every year with a new season, the new season update brings fun to the game users and also makes them feel unfamiliar with the new gameplay. In order to let game users better adapt to the new season, this study will extract the new season balance evaluation factors. Firstly, we used one-on-one review to collect the unbalanced factors that game users had encountered at the beginning of the new season of the MOBA game, and secondly, we organized the collected review data into a questionnaire and conducted a survey. The first step of the experiment was to filter out the lower factors through exploratory factor analysis and extract the balance evaluation factors of the MOBA game new season. The second step of the experiment was to examine the correlation between the factors through confirmatory factor analysis, as well as to confirm the appropriateness and explanatory value of the factors. The analysis resulted in "Game character experience", "Game view's expression", "Game level", and "Composition of the game setting" are the four factors. Finally, through correlation analysis, the most relevant factor for game satisfaction is the "Game character experience", and each factor is correlated with each other.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2007

Korean rivers and their surrounding environments have been used excessively for rice production in the past and more recently for construction of urban areas to accomodate the rapidly increasing population. Affected Korean rivers experience dramatic fluctuations in their water levels and have faster currents compared with those in other countries. In order to restore more natural conditions in rivers experiencing such conditions, we employed a partial restoration method, which is designed to achieve physical and biological stability simultaneously. Concrete blocks were introduced to increase the river's physical stability during floods, and terra cottem, a soil enhancer, was used to reduce water loss due to intense heat. These interventions increased the river's ability to hold water and thereby promoted plant growth. This restoration method increased vegetation coverage and species diversity in treated areas, and changed the species composition in treated areas to more closely approximate that of the control site. These results suggest that this method is effective in restoring damaged habitats to more natural conditions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.545-551
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• 2023

In this paper, we present the environment interface as a method of bringing the virtual environment in the interface to reality, and explain the experience of the virtual that can be sensed in the real environment. Expanded experience by discussing the transparency of the interface and interactivity that expands synesthesia as a condition for an interface to express virtual without distinction from the real environment, and establishing a discussion on the composition and inevitability of an environment interface that satisfies these conditions The environment interface is discussed as a tool for realizing the interface that extends from the real environment, the expansion of cognition into the environment by interaction, and the virtual for immersion into the environment due to these conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.62
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• pp.109-138
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• 2019

Since the opening of the Nara Archives in 2008, we have been operating the Archival Culture Programs. Before the Presidential Archive's relocation to Sejong, the Presidential Archives and the Nara Archives jointly operated the Archival Culture Programs. The Archival Culture Programs is operated not only by the National Archives, but also by Administration Archives, History Archives, and Presidential Archives. The operation frequency, planning, and composition are slightly different depending on the institution. Here, I would like to find out the current status of Programs composition and contents operated by Seongnam Nara Archives, and suggest the direction of the Archival Cultural Programs of the archive that should be pursued in the future based on the analysis of the existing operation status.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.366-377
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• 2013

We examined the nutritive value of common grass species in the semi-arid rangelands of Borana in southern Ethiopia using local experience based herbage preference (LEBHP) perception and laboratory techniques. Local pastoralists in the study area were asked to identify common grass species and rank them according to the species' preferences and palatability to cattle. The pastoralists listed a total of 15 common grass species which were then sampled during the main rain and cold dry seasons and analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and ash content to verify pastoralists' claim regarding the quality of individual species. The relative feed value (RFV) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were also calculated using NDF and ADF contents. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine possible relationships between laboratory results and pastoralists' experience on grass quality. Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Digitaria milanjiana, Eragrostis papposa and Panicum maximum were the top five species based on LEBHP perception. There were indications of inconsistency in terms of LEBHP perception among the different pastoral communities. The chemical composition of all grass species showed significant (p<0.05) variation between sites, seasons and species. The results showed that the CP values for the Borana rangelands were in the range of 8.7% in the main rain season to 5.1% for the cold dry season. The fiber constituents were relatively low in the main rain season compared to the cold dry season. Overall, Digitaria milanjiana had the highest CP (16.5%) content, while the least was recorded with Heteropogon contortus (10.8) and Aristida adoensis (9.8%) during the main rain season. It seems that the spatial variability of landscapes within the wider geographical regions, soil properties and texture, and land-use patterns probably contributed to site differences in species quality. Generally, the RFV of individual grass species was significantly (p<0.05) varied between and within sites. The ranking of species by pastoralists according to their preferences by cattle was highly correlated with the chemical composition of laboratory results of individual grass species with 'r' values for CP (0.94), ash (0.95), NDF (-0.98), ADF (-0.93) and ADL (-0.93). We suggest the complimentary use of LEBHP and laboratory techniques in evaluating the nutritive quality of rangeland forage species for sustainable animal production.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.8
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• pp.315-320
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• 2014

Composition is a creative activity of a composer in order to express his or her emotion into melody based on their experience. However, it is very hard to implement an automatic composition program whose composition process is the same as the composer. On the basis that the creative activity is possible from the imitation we propose a method to implement an automatic composition system using the learning capability of ANN(Artificial Neural Networks). First, we devise a method to convert a melody into time series that ANN can train and then another method to learn the repeated melody with melody bar for correct training of ANN. After training of the time series to ANN, we feed a new time series into the ANN, then the ANN produces a full new time series which is converted a new melody. But post processing is necessary because the produced melody does not fit to the tempo and harmony of music theory. In this paper, we applied a tempo post processing using tempo post processing program, but the harmony post processing is done by human because it is difficult to implement. We will realize the harmony post processing program as a further work.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

This study has analysed the composition elements in a cafe space where visual transfer-elements are filled and the perceptual characteristics of facade designs with the purpose of drawing any important elements to advertisement and their related items for uniqueness of designs. For the analysis of the perception process shown in the consecutive situations of observing and visiting cafes, the cafe facade was grouped and stereotyped for the analysis of perceptual characteristics and significant composition elements for better designing of cafes through survey with representative facades as subjects. The conclusions from this study are the followings. First, for the uniqueness specific to cafes to be integrated into facade, memory was chosen first as the most significant advertisement factor followed by interest as with male and attention as with female. The memory has much to do with furniture and finishing material of Clause (4), Chapter 4.1 and the types having effects on perception of Clause (1) and the atmosphere having effect on that of Clause (2) were found to be major factors to attention and interest. Second, it was found out that women preferred horizontally stable partition and men clearly divided facades. The factor of shape was observed first among the constituents of facade followed by color. There was no difference with 'shape' between men and women and color was found to be a space constituent having a lot of effects on women. Third, the memory of experience from visiting a cafe was very likely to offer the motivation of visiting it again, on which furniture had the most effect followed by finishing material and color. Such elevation elements as facade and logo were found not to have effect on the memory or the re-visit. Any intention of visiting again seemed to be influenced by such comprehensive images as atmosphere rather than by any concrete facade, furniture, or appliance. From the above viewpoint, facade design should have any uniqueness or impressive feature as well as the effect of making passers-by drop in and attracting them into the shop. The analysis of attributes of facade constituents revealed that the abstract images in addition to the configuration of facade had much to do with interest or behavior.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

The concept of food and beverage space in modern society is changing into complex space where various experiences are provided. With the increase of food service brands, those brands are getting standardized. Providing more differentiated experience and service became an element of competition to companies. The flagship stores among stores presented by companies have much influence on promotion and sales. Thus, it would be necessary to provide integrated service by adopting service design process for the differentiated design of such experiential space. The objective of this study is to examine the satisfaction of service design of food and beverage flagship stores. By creating a checklist to evaluate the space through the theoretical consideration of flagship stores and service design, the satisfaction of service design of food and beverage flagship stores was analyzed. Through the survey with users of the case space, it was possible to check the satisfaction of the service design elements applied to the food and beverage flagship store space. The satisfaction with service design was evaluated through the 5point scale. When the average point was high, the satisfaction with service design elements was high. In the results of the analysis, regarding the spatial composition of flagship stores, the overall interior/exterior atmosphere should contain the image of the company. As flagship stores compose space that can express various event space and company itself on top of the space for sales, they should present the spatial composition differentiated from other general commercial spaces. The significance of a study on service design of flagship stores is to show positive effect on flagship store space. In the future, it would be necessary to have comparative analysis on domestic and foreign cases applied with the service design process, and also to analyze the strategies in the aspect of service design.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.211-247
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• 2021

Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning, transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens. Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations, which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses. Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity, and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.