• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.384-401
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• 2016

The vegetation assessment indicator has been developed recently as a biological part of the integrated assessment system for river environment to improve the efficiency of river restoration projects. This study carried out to test the vegetation assessment indicator and to reset its grade criteria on experimental streams. We classified and mapped vegetation communities at the level of physiognomic-floristic composition by each assessment unit. A total of 204 sampling quadrats were set up on the 68 assessment units at 5 experimental streams. By analyzing the vegetation data collected, we examined the appropriate numbers of sampling quadrats, the criteria of vegetation index score, classification of vegetation community, and grade criteria for vegetation assessment. The developed vegetation assessment indicator composed with the vegetation complexity index (VCI), the vegetation diversity index (VDI), and the vegetation naturalness index (VNI) was proved to reflect the current conditions of the streams sufficiently. The contribution of vegetation naturalness index to grading by vegetation assessment indicator was larger, but three indexes were closely correlated to each other. Also there was more clearer discrimination of grading with the application of adjusted criteria of vegetation assessment indicator and the standardized classification of vegetation community, but the stream segment type did not influence the vegetation assessment grade significantly.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.121-127
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• 1988

Ramyon(deep fat fried instant noodle with palm oil) preserved in sunlight, room temp. ($20{\pm}5^{\circ}C$), incubator ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and corrugated fiber board box to investigate the oxidative changes of the Ramyon lipids. In the study, changes in acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value, TBA value, fatty acid composition, iodine value and panel test were determined with the lipids extracted from the Ramyon samples in intervals for a period of 20 weeks. Acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and TBA value of the Ramyon lipid were increased slightly during the storage in aluminum foil package in the corrugated fiber board box in the dark room. They did not appear the oxidative rancid odor at the end of 20 weeks storage. Acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and TBA value of the samples under room temp., incubator slightly during storage, while a sharp increase of those values were noticed with the samples of sunlight. Especially, the TBA value of the Ramyon lipid under sunlight markedly increased within 14 weeks and then decreased. Oxidative rancid odor appeared at the end of 10 weeks storage under sunlight, while it took 18 weeks with the sample stored under room temp. and incubator. During the storage under incubator and sunlight for 18 weeks, the content of oleic, linoleic acid decreased, while palmitic and stearic acid increased. However, only small changes were noticed in iodine value of the samples.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.240-247
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the learning effects of video demonstration in a multitude of video screens in a science class. To examine this, an experiment from the first year science textbook was chosen, which looked at the relationship between electrical voltage and electrical current. Three experimental groups were used for the purpose of this study: 1/ a control group which used experimental still photos during a traditional class. 2/ experimental group A which used videos in a single screen, and 3/ experimental group B which used a multitude of video screens to demonstrate their effects. Post test learning effects was then carried out on each group related to the units. The results showed an improvement in grade for all groups. Experimental group B showed the most significant result, followed by the experimental group A. The control group showed the least significant grade improvement. In conclusion, the study revealed that the utilization of video demonstration in a science class is very useful and can be adapted in different forms in class. To enhance the effects of the learning method in conveying efficient meaning, versatile methods should be used to stimulate and heighten students' interests by mixing still photographs and video demonstration with various screen composition with the help of information technology.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2018

We carried out a series of linear cutting machine tests to assess the cutting performance of a pick cutter in sedimentary rock. The specimens were Linyi sandstone from China and Concrete (rock-like material, conglomerate). Using the small scaled LCM system, we estimated the cutter force and specific energy under different cutting conditions. The cutter forces (cutting and normal) increased with penetration depth and cutter spacing in two rock types, and it was affected by the strength of specimens. On the other hand, the ratio of the peak cutter force to the mean cutter force was influenced by cutting characteristic and composition of rock rather than rock strength. The cutting coefficient was affected by the friction characteristic between rock and pick cutter rather than the cutting conditions. Therefore, the optimal cutting angle can be determined by considering of cutting coefficient and resultant force of pick cutter. The optimum cutting condition was determined from the relationship between the specific energy and cutting condition. For two specimens, the optimum s/p ratio was found to be two to four, and the specific energy decreased with the penetration depth. The result from this study can be used as background database to understand the cutting mechanism of a pick cutter, also it can be used to design for the mechanical excavator.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1973

This study is concerned with the nutritional status of the packed lunch boxes which are brought by the junior high school students in Capital City of Seoul. Four hundred and eights students of the 8 school districts in Seoul had been randomly selected as subjects. The contained nutrients in the packed lunch were analysed by the Food Composition Table. To observe the influence of home economical status and mother's educational level on the nutrient concents of packed lunches, the chosen subjects were classified into three large groupings, which are upper, middle and low classes respectively. In addition, comparison between the Recommended Daily Allowanced for Korean people-13 to 15 age group-and the contained nutrients in the lunch boxed had been conducted. T-test was applied to clarify the significance of the differences between each group both economical and educational level. 1. The averaged rations between the Recommended Daily Allowances and the contained nutrients in the lunches stand: Calorie 59.7% (566 Cal.) protein 53.1% (18g), animal protein 48.6% (5g), fat 39.8% (5g), calcium 371.% (0.1g), ferret 66.4% (2.9g) Vitamin A 642 1.U. (31.3%), Vitamin $B_1$ 70.2% (0.3mg), Vitamin $B_2$ 41.4% (0.2g), Niacin 77.0%(4mg), Vitamin C 51.9% (13mg). All of the nctrients fall far behind the Recommended Daily, Allowances for 13 to 15 age group. 2. Home economical status brings influence on the kinds of foods which could been. Protein, animal protein, fat, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C showed significance of diffierences between the upper and middle classes. Between the middle and low classes, Protein, animal protein, fat, calcium and Vitamin C showed significance of difference. And finally, between the upper and low classes, protein, fat, calcium, ferret, Vitamin $B_2$ and Vitamin C showed a great significance. 3. Regardless to the living conditions of the subject students, all the nutrients of the lunches packed by the mothers in the entire educational levels did not reach the Recommended Daily Allowances. Protein, animal protein, fat, ferret, Vitamin A, and Niacin showed the significance of the differences between the upper and middle classes. On the other hand, calorie, animal protein, fat, Vitamin A and Vitamin C showed the significance between the middle and low classes. Between the upper and the low classes, protein, animal protein, fat, and ferret showed significance. 4. The mairdish-ice of the lunch boxes supplied calorie, protein, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$ and Niacin which stand at 83.8%, 56.1%, 52.5%, and 54.8% respectivly when compared with the whole nutritional contents. 5. The side-dishes of the packed lunch lack in variety of cooking methods. One interesting fact is that entire subject students are very favorable to the food cooked with every kind of grains.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1979

For the effective utilization of the coastal fish resources in Korea, an investigation on the optimum processing conditions and the quality of a textured fish protein concentrate similar to the texture of animal meat has been carried out with the fish meat of Alaska pollack and mackerel. A noodle shaped product was prepared with the fish meat paste after the adjustment of pH and salt content. The product was soaked in $96\%$ ethyl alcohol to produce textured fish protein concentrate and then dried. The processing conditions were estimated with the rehydration capacity of the textured fish protein concentrate(FFC). The quality of the final product was evaluated with chemical composition, sensory test and texture measurement. The optimum pH and salt content of the fish meat for the processing of meaty textured FPC were 7.5 and $1.0\%$ respectively. The most effective soaking conditions were as follows:soaking time, 40 min. ; temperature of alcohol, 5 to $20^{\circ}C$;amount of alcohol, 4 times the weight of tile fish meat paste, number of soaking in alcohol, 4 times. The alcohol remaining in meaty textured FPC could be removed effectively by forced air drying. The yield and the contents of protein and lipid in the meaty textured FPC from Alaska pollack were $19.9\%\;84.3\%\;and\;0.5\%$ and those from mackerel were $29.8\%,\;78.1\%\;and\;3.6\%$ respectively. The content of essential amino acid in the meaty textured FPC from Alaska pollack and mackerel was not inferior to that of beef, textured soybean protein and FAO pattern. Beef meat can be substituted with the meaty textured FPC up to $50\%$ in processing meat balls withoutanysignificantlossinthetaste, ordor and texture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.765-771
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• 2012

In this study, the biochemical methane potentials of different agricultural residues produced from agricultural plastic greenhouse were determined. Additionally, ensiling storage practice was applied on agricultural residues for its effect on biogas production. Agricultural residues of cabbage, strawberry, tomato, cucumber, and oriental melon were selected as sample. The methane potential and biodegradability of agricultural residues ranged from 149~286 mL-$CH_4/g$-VS, 27~48% (by vol.), respectively and methane production was in order of cabbage > oriental melon > strawberry ${\approx}$ cucumber > tomato. Ensiling caused difference in methane production in a range of -11~36% (by vol.) per VS compared with raw material. An increase in methane potential was presumably linked to the organic acid accumulation, cellulose degradation and decrease in methane potential was due to chemical composition change, ammonia accumulation during the storage process.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2012

Various forms of fermented soybean products are well documented for their health benefits. The efficacy of anti-obesogenic effect of Doenjang, one of the most commonly used seasonings in Korean cuisine, has been reported only in animal models; thus, an evaluation of Doenjang needs to be conducted in human studies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Doenjang supplementation reduces body weight and changes body composition in overweight adults. A total of 51 overweight adults participated in this study. A group of males with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ and waist to hip ratio (WHR) ${\geq}$ 0.90, and a group of females with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ and WHR ${\geq}$ 0.85 were randomly assigned to either a Doenjang supplement (9.9 g dry/day) group or a placebo group for a 12-week randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography (CT) and blood components were measured before and after the intervention period. After the 12-week study, the Doenjang supplementation group had significant reductions in body weight (kg), body fat mass (kg) and body fat (%) compared to the placebo group, the supplementation of Doenjang resulted in a significant reduction in visceral fat ($cm^2$), although no changes were observed in total and subcutaneous fat are as ($cm^2$), serum lipid profiles and dietary intakes. The present study demonstrated that daily supplementation of 9.9 g dry/day of Doenjang for 12 weeks reduces body weight and visceral fat in overweight adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.542-549
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• 2018

In this study BGn-incorporated non-fluoride release of pit and fissure sealant $Concise^{TM}$ was developed to improve the mechanical properties and promote antibacterial effect of fit and fissure sealant with the original material. The mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of BGn incorporating vary-ing amounts bioactive glass nano particles(BGn) (0,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 wt% in sealant) were characterized composition of the resulting were investigated. The solubility to aid absorption was calculated by weighing specimens with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm according to ISO 4049 (2009). The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using three strains of S. mutans, S. aureus and E. coli. The absorbance of the test results was as high as the addition of BGn increased, and the lower the solubility as the solubility was added(p<0.05). Adhesion experiment results S. mutans in contrast to the control group $Concise^{TM}$, BGn-added experimental group showed a somewhat lower adherent surface but no statistically significant difference was observed (p<0.05). However S. aureus and E. coli statistical analysis indicated a significant difference for antibacterial agents between control and BGn containing(p<0.05). It seems that this BGn proved that even a antibacterial effect was demonstrated. Therefore, it was suggest that the additional effects of BGn and research on a wide range of substances.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.225-236
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• 2001

In order to improve the properties of the copolymer and the terpolymer that was used as removal-type pressure sensitive adhesive(PSA), we synthesized quaterpolymer with the variation of the types of monomer, initiator, and solvent, and concentration, the monomer/solvent ratio, reaction temperature and time. and determined the properties of this adhesive: the viscosity, molecular weight, conversion, solid content and structure of polymer. The prepared polymer was crosslinked by changing the type of crosslinking agent and concentration, and then we investigated the characteristics or adhesive such as peel adhesion, shear adhesion, heat resistance, weathering resistance and peel adhesion to aging. The optimum performance of RA/2- EHA/MMA/2-HEMA as a PSA were obtained when benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator with the reactant mixture consisted of 80% BA and 2-EHA, 15%, MMA, and 5% 2-HFMA. The optimum reaction temperature and time were $80^{\circ}C$ and 8 hours, respectively. For BA/2-EHA/MMA/AA, the optimum performance was obtained when the polymerization was performed at the monomer composition of 80% BA/2-EHA, 15% MMA, and 5% AA. BPO was used as initiator and the optimum reaction temperature and time were identical to those of BA/2-EHA/MMA/ 2-HEMA. Isocyanate and melamine were used to crosslink BA/2-EHA/MMA/2-HEMA and BA/2-EHA/MMA/AA, respectively. No effect on the type of cross-linking agent on the peel adhesion was observed with aging. The quarterpolymers crosslinked with melamine left residues on the counter surface after weathering resistance test, while the polymers crosslinked with isocyanate did not.