• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권5호
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• pp.711-722
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• 2020

In this study, on-site testing was carried out to investigate the vibration serviceability of a composite steel-bar truss slab with steel girder system. Impulse excitations (heel-drop and jumping) and steady-state motion (walking and running) were performed to capture the primary vibration parameters (natural frequency and damping ratio) and distribution of peak acceleration. The composite floor possesses low frequency (<8.3Hz) and damping ratio (<2.47%). Based on experimental, theoretical, and numerical analyses on fundamental natural frequency, the boundary condition of SCSS (i.e., three edges simply supported and one edge clamped) is deemed more comparable substitutive for the investigated composite floor. Walking and running excitations by one person (single excitation) were considered to evaluate the vibration serviceability of the composite floor. The measured acceleration results show a satisfactory vibration perceptibility. For design convenience and safety, a crest factor β_rp describing the ratio of peak acceleration to root-mean-square acceleration induced from the walking and running excitations is proposed. The comparisons of the modal parameters determined by walking and running tests reveal the interaction effect between the human excitation and the composite floor.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권1A호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동실험 결과를 토대로 주요 코드에서 규정하고 있는 CFT(concrete filled tube) 합성단면의 초기 휨강성 산정식을 평가하였다. 각 코드에서 규정하는 합성단면 초기 휨강성 산정식에 의한 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동 해석결과와 실험결과를 비교하였으며, 그 결과 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동실험 결과는 ACI의 휨강성 산정식을 적용하는 경우의 해석결과와 잘 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 이를 반영하여 f/L비 변화에 따른 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동해석을 수행하여 f/L비가 CFT 거더의 고유진동수에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. CFT 트러스 거더의 f/L비는 거더의 전체강성에 영향을 주기 때문에 고유진동수를 변화시킨다. 수평모드에서의 고유진동수는 f/L비가 증가하면 감소하지만, 연직 모드에서의 고유진동수는 f/L비가 증가하면 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

본 논문은 시공단계에서 가설지주 설치를 요구하지 않는 역삼각 트러스 거더로 보강된 새로운 합성 데크플레이트 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 기존 시스템 대비 증가된 강성과 강도를 보유할 뿐 아니라 절대 층고 변화를 최소 수준으로 낮출 수 있으며 기존의 H형강 및 U형 합성보와 같은 다양한 형태의 합성보 부재와 함께 사용될 수 있다. 제안된 시스템의 시공단계 하중에 대한 구조적 성능을 평가하기 위해 5.5m의 스팬을 갖는 5개의 시험체를 제작하여 현장 조건과 유사한 재하하중을 단계적으로 적용시켜 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과로부터 각 시험체 별 하중-변위 그래프를 구해 비선형 3차원 유한요소해석결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 보강 트러스 거더와 데크플레이트 사이에 효율적인 하중 분배가 이루어져 두 구조요소가 잘 일체화되었을 뿐 아니라 시공단계 하중에서의 최대 처짐이 건축구조기준의 제한치를 하회하여 사용성 조건을 잘 만족시킴을 알 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.635-647
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• 2018

In order to improve the efficiency of the Reinforced Concrete, RC, structures against progressive collapse, this paper proposes a procedure using alternate path and specific local resistance method to resist progressive collapse in intermediate RC frame structures. Cap truss consists of multiple trusses above a suddenly removed structural element to restrain excessive collapse and provide an alternate path. Steel strut is used as a brace to resist compressive axial forces. It is similar to knee braces in the geometry, responsible for enhancing ductility and preventing shear force localization around the column. In this paper, column removals in the critical position at the first story of two 5 and 10-story regular buildings strengthened using steel strut or cap truss are studied. Based on nonlinear dynamic analysis results, steel strut can only decrease vertical displacement due to sudden removal of the column at the first story about 23%. Cap truss can reduce the average vertical displacement and column axial force transferred to adjacent columns for the studied buildings about 56% and 61%, respectively due to sudden removal of the column. In other words, using cap truss, the axial force in the removed column transfers through an alternate path to adjacent columns to prevent local or general failure or to delay the progressive collapse occurrence.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2019

This paper aims to study the mechanical performance of three-tower four-span suspension bridges with steel truss girders, including the static and dynamic characteristics of the bridge system, and more importantly, the influence of structural parameters including the side-main span ratio, sag-to-span ratio and the girder stiffness on key mechanical indices. For this purpose, the Oujiang River North Estuary Bridge which is a three-tower four-span suspension bridge with two main spans of 800m under construction in China is taken as an example in this study. This will be the first three-tower suspension bridge with steel truss girders in the world. The mechanical performance study and parametric analysis are conducted based on a validated three-dimensional spatial truss finite element model established for the Oujiang River North Estuary Bridge using MIDAS Civil. It is found that a relatively small side-main span ratio seems to be quite appropriate from the perspective of mechanical performance. And decreasing the sag-to-span ratio is an effective way to reduce the horizontal force subjected to the midtower and improve the antiskid safety of the main cable, while the vertical stiffness of the bridge will be reduced. However, the girder stiffness is shown to be of minimal significance on the mechanical performance. The findings from this paper can be used for design of three-tower suspension bridges with steel truss girders.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.453-467
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• 2019

Portal frame structures, made up of cold-formed steel trusses, are increasingly being used for lightweight building construction. A novel pin-jointed moment connector, called the Howick Rivet Connector (HRC), was developed and tested previously in T-joints and truss assemblage to determine its reliable strength, stiffness and moment resisting capacity. This paper presents an experimental study on the HRC, in moment resisting cold-formed steel trusses. The connection method is devised where intersecting truss members are confined by a gusset connected by HRCs to create a rigid moment connection. In total, three large scale experiments were conducted to determine the elastic capacity and cyclic behaviour of the gusseted truss moment connection comprising HRC connectors. Theoretical failure loads were also calculated and compared against the experimental failure loads. Results show that the HRCs work effectively at carrying high shear loads between the members of the truss, enabling rigid behaviour to be developed and giving elastic behaviour without tilting up to a defined yield point. An extended gusset connection has been proposed to maximize the moment carrying capacity in a truss knee connection using the HRCs, in which they are aligned around the perimeter of the gusset to maximize the moment capacity and to increase the stability of the truss knee joint.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

The U-flanged truss hybrid beam is a new composite beam made by pouring concrete into the U-flanged truss beam. In this study, an experimental study was performed to verify the shear capacity of U-flanged truss hybrid beams with the newly developed end reinforcement details. For all specimens, the maximum shear strength was determined by shear failure of concrete in the loading point The detail reinforced with stirrups at the end zone can exhibit the greatest shear strength, but the method of reinforcing the end zone using vertical steel plates, which is a relatively easy method to manufacture, is considered to be the most effective detail in terms of shear strength and ductility. Also, in the case of U-flanged truss hybrid beams reinforced with vertical steel plates at the end zone, the shear strength can be evaluated on the safety side by using the Korea Design Standard formula.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2005

This paper reports on finite element analysis techniques that may be applied to the study of circular hollow structural sections and related bearing connection geometries. Specifically, a connection detail involving curved steel saddle bearings and a Structural Tee (ST) connected directly to a large-diameter Hollow Structural Section (HSS) truss chord, near its open end, is considered. The modeling is carried out using experimentally verified techniques. It is determined that the primary mechanism of failure involves a flexural collapse of the HSS chord through plastification of the chord wall into a well-defined yield line mechanism; a limit state for which a shell-based finite element model is well-suited to capture. It is also found that classical metal plasticity material models may be somewhat limited in their applicability to steels in fabricated tubular members.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.855-864
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• 2022

Due to limited resources, and increasing speed of development, the optimal use of available resources has become the most important challenge of human societies. In the last few decades, many researchers have focused their research on solving various optimization problems, providing new optimization methods, and improving the performance of existing optimization methods. Echolocation Search Algorithm (ESA) is an evolutionary optimization algorithm that is based on mimicking the mechanism of the animals such as bats, dolphins, oilbirds, etc in food finding to solve optimization problems. In this paper, the ability of ESA for solving truss size optimization problems with continuous variables is investigated. To examine the efficiency of ESA, three benchmark examples are considered. The numerical results exhibit the effectiveness of ESA for solving truss optimization problems.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

A typical low and medium-sized neighborhood living facility in reinforced concrete building secures a high floor and pursues an efficient module plan(long span). Accordingly, research on the development of new hybrid beams that can innovatively reduce labor costs such as on-site installation and assembly while securing strength and rigidity is ongoing. In order to verify the structural performance of the U-flanged truss composite beam with newly developed shape, Experiments with various variables are required. Based on the results, this study is to evaluate the strength of U-flanged truss hybrid beam through the flexural strength of the Korea Design Code and experimental values. It was evaluated that nominal flexural strength was 110% to 135% higher than the experimental value.