• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the application of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to thermo-elastic static problems of functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylindrical pressure vessels. A symmetric displacement field is considered as unknown function along the longitudinal direction, whereas a linear distribution is assumed along the thickness direction. The cylindrical pressure vessels are subjected to an inner and outer pressure under a temperature increase. Different patterns of reinforcement are applied as distribution of CNTs. The effective material properties of FG-CNTRC cylindrical pressure vessels are measured based on the rule of mixture, whereas the governing equations of the problem are here derived through the principle of virtual works. A large parametric investigation studies the effect of some significant parameters, such as the pattern and volume fraction of CNTs, on the longitudinal distribution of deformation, strain and stress components, as useful tool for practical engineering applications.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

Filament winding method is widely used for composite fabrications using low viscosity liquid for-mation and processing asymmetrical structures of pressure vessel pipe rocket motor case etc. The filament winding method is affected by several parameters such as pot life of process time viscosi-ty of resin filament winding temperature and schedules curing condition and post curing condi-tion of resin. To develope high functional composite materials the rotation(5, 15, 20, 30rpm) of the winding machine was controlled by D.C motor. And the wiper to give proper tension was equipped between strand and resin bath. The resin is hooked by the design wiper. The adequate cure schedule was found by DSC. NOL ring test is carried out to investigate the basic physical properties such as design technology. The void contents in filament winding is generally higher than that of the prepreg laminated plate. These high contents of void can make a crack in resin in spite of low deformation. These problem was solved by giving tension in processing. To improve the characteristics of fiber volume fraction void contents resin/fiber bonding the winding speedc is changed under constant tension. It was found that resin impregnation was not different from in fiber contents void contents at the range of 0.5~1kg tension but it was found that resin was not impregnated at the above of 1.5kg tension. In burst test a pure PE liner was failed at a nozzle part under the $14kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ pressure but a pressure vessel of CNG was failed at a cylinder part under the $200kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ pressure.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.23-27
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• 2007

To store hydrogen with high pressure is one of key technologies in developing FCVs (fuel cell vehicles). Especially, metal lined composite structure, which is called Type 3, is expected to effectively stand highly pressurized hydrogen since it has high specific strength and stiffness as well as excellent storage ability. However, it has many difficulties to design Type 3 vessels because of their complex geometry, fabrication process variables, etc. In this study, therefore, optimal design of Type 3 vessels was performed in consideration of such actual circumstances using genetic algorithm. Additionally, detailed finite element analysis was followed for the optimal result.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.771-794
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• 2012

This paper presents a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for combinatorial optimisation and applied for design optimisation of fiber reinforced composite structures. The proposed algorithm closely follows the implementation of Pareto Archive Evolutionary strategy (PAES) proposed in the literature. The modifications suggested include a customized neighbourhood search algorithm in place of mutation operator to improve intensification mechanism and a cross over operator to improve diversification mechanism. Further, an external archive is maintained to collect the historical Pareto optimal solutions. The design constraints are handled in this paper by treating them as additional objectives. Numerical studies have been carried out by solving a hybrid fiber reinforced laminate composite cylindrical shell, stiffened composite cylindrical shell and pressure vessel with varied number of design objectives. The studies presented in this paper clearly indicate that well spread Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained employing the proposed algorithm.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

Recently, composite materials are widely used for nozzle, pressure vessel, skins of satellite and many structures under condition of high temperature due to good thermal characteristics such as low CTE, heat-resistance, etc. Fiber optic sensors, especially FBG(fiber Bragg grating) sensors, can be a good counterproposal of strain gages for the measurement of material properties of composites under high temperature. In this research, T700/Epoxy specimens with embedded FBG sensors were fabricated and tested at the Instron with thermal chamber from room temperature to $400^{\circ}C$. The effects of embedding optical fiber on material properties were also verified. And, the experimental results were discussed and analyzed by microphotographs of the composite specimen.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1992

Problems of composite tissue transfer commonly arise when a single indispensable recipient vessel receives the graft vssel, and the graft vessel must be sutured in end-to-side fashion so as not todisturb the vascularity of the recipient vessel. The triangular flap in the recipient vessel wall gives an intact endothelial surface when the flow of blood stream is presented and may reduce the chance of anastomosis. We selected mature Wistar rats weighing over 450 grams to compare the conventional longitudinal slit from the triangular flap in the recipient carotid artery over bloood pressure and blood flow when the donor carotid artery was anastomosed in end-to-side fashion. In 30 minutes after anastomosis, maximum blood pressure measured in the donor carotid arterial side when the recipient arterial wall was fasioned with the longitudinal slit was recorded 114 mmHg and with the triangular flap 100mmHg. Minimum blood pressure with the longitudinal slit was 98mmHg and with the triangular flap 88mmHg. The amount of blood collected for 30 seconds in the conventional longitudinal slit was 1.18mg and in the triangular flap 0.78mg. Histology study in 30 minutes, the conventional longitudinal slit demonstrated the more hemorrhagic features around the suture material compared to that of the triangular. flap and, in the 7th day, the conventional longitudinal slit demonstrated the more prominent granulomatous reactions and vascular proliferations around the suture material compared to that of the triangular flap.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.92-97
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• 2000

저속 충격을 받은 복합재로 만들어진 두꺼운 압력용기의 파괴모드와 손상 상태에 대하여 조사하여 이를 정량적으로 나타내는 것이 본 연구의 관심이다. 본 논문에 사용된 시편은 압력용기의 중앙을 길이 305mm로 잘른 원통형 ring모양이다. 충격자는 직경이 25.4mm와 12.7mm인 반구형 2종류와 모서리의 직경이 1mm인 원추형 1종류로 무게는 3.9kg이며 자유낙하 높이는 20mm에서 200mm로 종류에 따라 간격을 달리했다. 실험 장치로는 실린더가 충격에 흔들리지 않도록 고정하는 받침대와 자유낙하 하는 impactor 이며 impactor의 윗면에 한 개의 가속도 게이지를 설치했으며 밑면에 90도 간격으로 4군에 스트레인 게이지를 붙여 충격에너지, 최대 충격력, contact radius를 측정하고 시험후 시편은 방사선 촬영을 하여 충격자의 종류에 따라 손상의 정도가 어떻게 다른지를 파악했다. Herzian이론을 사용하여 contact radius를 구하고 측정된 자료와 비교 검토하였다. Contact radius 값은 충격자의 직경이 클수록 큰 것을 알수 있고 실험치 값은 이론치 값 보다 큰데 이는 실제 연소관의 기계적 성질의 값이 계산치 보다 적은 것이 원인이다. 직경이 25.4mm인 반구형의 충격자는 직경이 12.7mm인 반구형의 충격자에 비하여 내부에 delamination크기가 컸다. 가속도의 값은 높이에 따라 선형적으로 변하고 충격자의 모양이 둔탁할수록 가속도 값이 커지는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.193-196
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• 2007

We developed and tested the high pressure hydrogen gas cylinder(type4) for fuel cell vehicle. The working pressure is 350bar. We conducted material tests, production tests and design qualification tests on the developed cylinders according to modified NGV2-2000(hydrogen). The high pressure hydrogen gas cylinder met all the design qualification requirements of ANSI/CSA NGV2-2000 and acquired NGV2 certification from independent inspection agency.

• Composites Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 필라멘트 와인딩 시 장력에 의해 압밀을 유발하는 압력을 선행연구자들의 연구를 참조하여 결정한 후 T800 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재료의 기본적인 물성과 성형압력 변화에 따른 면 내 외의 물성 변화를 측정하였다. 실험 시편은 오토클레이브 진공백 성형을 통해 압력(절대압력 0.1MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.7MPa)을 조절하여 제조되었다. 모든 시편은 적층판 형태로 정화된 후 워터젯을 이용하여 시편 모양으로 절단되었으며, 층간 전단시편의 V-노치는 밀링가공을 통하여 제작되었다. 평면 내 물성을 위해 다양한 인장실험이 실시되었으며, 평면 외 물성을 측정하기 위해 층간 전단 실험이 수행되었다 성형압력과 물성 변화를 관련시키기 위해 시편의 섬유 부피분율을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 측정된 물성은 동일한 탄소섬유 (T800 탄소섬유)를 사용하여 필라멘트 와인딩 공정으로 제작되는 차량용 Type III 수소저장용기의 설계에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 필라멘트 와인딩 시 장력에 의해 복합재료에 발생한 압력 정보를 이용하여 동시경화법으로 제조된 T800 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재료-알루미늄 단면겹치기 접착조인트의 접착강도를 부가압력의 크기에 따라 측정하였다. 실험시편은 오토클레이브 진공백 성형을 통해 성형압력 (절대압력 0.1MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.7MPa)을 조절하여 제작하였다. 접착강도를 측정하기 위하여 인장실험이 실시되었으며, 필라멘트 와인딩 공정에 의해 제조된 Type III 수소저장용가의 복합재료-알루미늄 라이너의 계면 접착강도를 측정하기 위해 단면겹치기 접착조인트의 접착부에 일정한 압력을 가해줄 수 있는 압력부가 장치를 설계하였다. 적층된 복합재료에 가해지는 부가압력이 접착강도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 서로 다른 세 종류의 부가압력 (절대압력 0.1MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.7MPa)을 시편에 부가하여 접착강도를 측정하고, 그 결과를 비교하였다.