• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.453-469
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• 2021

The cracking at the transverse diaphragm cutout is one of the most severe fatigue failures threatening orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), whose mechanisms and crack treatment techniques have not been fully studied. In this paper, full-scale experiments were first performed to investigate the fatigue performance of polished cutouts involving the effect of an artificial geometrical defect. Following this, comparative experimental testing for defective cutouts strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was carried out. Numerical finite element analysis was also performed to verify and explain the experimental observations. Results show that the combinative effect of the wheel load and thermal residual stress constitutes the external driving force for the fatigue cracking of the cutout. Initial geometrical defects are confirmed as a critical factor affecting the fatigue cracking. The principal stress 6 mm away from the free edge of the cutout can be adopted as the nominal stress of the cutout during fatigue evaluation, and the fatigue resistance of polished cutouts is higher than Grade A in AASHTO specification. The bonded CFRP system is highly effective in extending the fatigue life of the defective cutouts. The present study provides some new insights into the fatigue evaluation and repair of OSDs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1983

Quantitative analysis have been carried out on the micro-cracks on the surface and into the depth of unnotched smooth mild steel specimen under cyclic stains by rotating bending fatigue tests. Some of the results are; (1) Cracks initiate at the early stage of fatigue life N$_{I}$/ N$_{f}$=10 to 20%, and propagate during the rest of fatigue life. (2) Coalescence of highly crowded small fatigue cracks of random distribution seems to induce the final fracture at higher stress level. (3) The curves of crack initiation and the equal crack length on the graph of stress versus number of cycles are parallel to the S-N curve. (3) The curves of crack initiation and the equal crack length on the graph of stress versus number of cycles are parallel to the S-N curve. (4) The distributions of micro-surface crack length and depth show the composite Weibull distributions which are approximated to two straight lines separated by the value of transient region between stage I and stage II crack.k.k.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

The aim of this work is conduct the study on light weight and structural performance improvement of the composite wind power blade. GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) pre-empted by CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic), the major material of wind power blade, was identified the superiority of mechanical performance through the tensile and fatigue test. SENT(Single Edge Notched Tension) specimen fracture test was conducted on the specimen that laminated together 2 ply CFRP with 4 ply GFRP through DIC(Digital Image Correlation) analysis. The SENT specimen thickness and $a_0/W$ ratio is 1.45 mm and 0.2, respectively. The fracture test accomplished with displacement control with 0.1 mm/min at the room temperature. The experimental apparatus used for the fracture test consisted of a 50kN universal dynamic tester and CCD camera connected to a personal computer (PC), which was used to record images of the specimen surface. Following data acquisition, the images and load-displacements were transferred to the PC, on which the DIC software was implement. The experiment and DIC analysis results show that CFRP/GFRP laminated composite exhibits improvement of the strength, compared with that of the existing blade material. This study shows the result that the strength of CFRP rotor blade of wind turbine satisfies through the experimental and DIC method.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.415-420
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• 2017

Insulation systems in Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers (LNGC) are vulnerable to sloshing impact and fatigue loads because of waves. If gas leaks into the primary barrier, the Flexible Secondary Barrier (FSB) prevents the leakage of gas in this system. Fatigue strength of the FSB largely depends on the behavior of composite materials. In this study, a new system is applied to the FSB using aramid fiber to improve the fatigue strength of the secondary barrier, with the intention of replacing conventional E-glass fibers. The manufacturing method involved varying the ratio of the aramid fiber to the E-glass fiber for optimum design of the FSB. The fatigue tests results of the secondary barrier using aramid fiber were superior to that using E-glass fiber. The statistical analysis is performed to obtain the fatigue test results and estimate the probability of failure as well as the design guideline of LNGC secondary barriers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the effect of fatigue crack propagation of the beams which have a vital importance in engineering applications, on the natural frequency of the system. Beams which have a wide range of applications, are used as fundamental structural elements in engineering structures. Therefore, early detection of any damages in these structures is of vital importance for the prevention of possible destructive damages. One of the widely used methods of early detection of damages is the vibration analysis of the structure. Hence, it is of vital importance to detect and monitor any changes in the natural frequencies of the structure. From this standpoint, in this study we experimentally investigated the effect of fatigue crack propagation on beams produced from 4140 steel, of the natural frequency of the beam. A crack was opened on the $8{\times}16{\times}500mm$ beam using a 3 mm long and 0.25 mm wide wire erosion. The beam, then, underwent 3 point bending tests at 10 Hz with a dynamic fatigue device and its natural frequencies were measured in scheduled intervals and any changes taking place on the natural frequencies of the beam were measured. This data allowed us to identify and measure the crack occurring on the beam subjected to dynamic loading, during the propagation phase. This method produced experimental data. The experimental data showed that the natural frequency of the beam decreased with the propagation of the fatigue crack on the beam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1025-1028
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• 2005

Generally, fiber-reinforced composites have the highest possibilities of impact damages with external object collisions. Also, resulting in fatigue fracture considering the continued impact load. For the reasons mentioned above, the accurate understanding of interactions between the impact of composites and the fatigue load will be essential to understand the safety level of material structures. Furthermore, the composite materials and structures, due to the geometrical effect, vary the life in connection with the impact-fatigue. Therefore, I have reached the point that a focus of this study will be to evaluate fatigue fracture characteristics by the impacts-fatigue load of fiber-reinforced composites. Thus, in this paper, I have tried to work on impacts-fatigue load causing aspects and impact characteristics through impact-fatigue test on HTV-5Hl Black 9250 material made- structure, along with to evaluate the expected lift of real structures, the FEM analysis was carried out.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2015

This work is to propose a structural design and analysis procedure for development of the low noise 1kW class small wind turbine system which will be applicable to relatively low speed region like Korea and for the domestic use. The proposed structural configuration has a sandwich composite structure with the E-glass/Epoxy face sheets and the Urethane foam core for lightness, structural stability, low manufacturing cost and easy manufacturing process. Structural analysis including load cases, stress, deformation, buckling, vibration and fatigue life was performed using the Finite Element Method, the load spectrum analysis and Miner rule. In order to evaluate the designed structure, the structural test was carried out and its test results were compared with the estimated results. Moreover Investigation on structural safety of tower was verified through structural analysis by FEM.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.621-628
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• 2004

This paper introduces a new theory, that in a stiffened plate, a steel stiffener could be substituted a composite material in order to prevent from buckling. Changing a steel stiffener into a composite material would not only preclude welding, but could also prevent damage to the material due to fatigue and corrosion.A composite material is assumed to adhere to a steel plate, and is never separated from the plate until the steel plate reaches buckling.Such plate has variable shapes, with different lengths and widths, and also shows an anisotropic material property. LUSAS, a commercial finite element analysis package, was used in the buckling analysis.This paper investigated buckling behavior in anisotropic composite plates with variable parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2007

In recents years, the statistical properties has become an important quantity for reliability based design of a component. The effects of the materials and test conditions for parameter estimation in residual strength degradation model are studied in carbon/epoxy laminate. It is shown that the correlation between the experimental results and the theoretical prediction on the fatigue life distribution using the life distribution convergence method is very reasonable.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.226-231
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• 2004

Press fitting method for joining of a hybrid tube and steel ring with small teeth for automotive aluminum/composite hybrid propeller shaft was devised to improve reliability and to reduce manufacturing cost, compared to other joining methods such as an adhesively bonded joint, bolted joint or welded joint. To obtain high strength of the press fit joint, an optimal design method for the teeth was devised with respect to number and shape of the steel teeth. Torsional static, fatigue tests and finite element analysis of the press fit joint were performed with respect to experimental variables. The developed optimal design method predicted well the static torque capability and failure mode of the press fit joint. Also, it provided design guide line of press fit joint for improving torsional static and fatigue characteristics.