• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Purpose: To report clinical appearances and the outcomes of patients treated for wrist laceration with suicidal intent. Materials and Methods: Between March 2005 and February 2008, patients with wrist laceration were treated at our center. Among them, 14 patients with suicidal intent were reviewed retrospectively. They were 8 females and 6 males with a mean age of 33 years at the time of treatment. The side of injured wrist, injured structures, suicidal instrument, the time of injury, a suicidal motive, drug or alcohol abuse or not, indication of combined psychiatric disease, the duration of postoperative treatment, and the results of treatment were analyzed. Results: The injured wrist was the left one in 13 cases (93%), and knife wounds in 11 cases (79%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. An average of 4.6 structures were injured including 3.5 tendons, 0.57 nerves and 0.5 arteries. The most frequently injured structures were the palmaris longus (71%), FCU (50%), FCR (43%), FDS 3 (36%), FDS 2, median nerve, and ulnar artery (each 29%). Simultaneous injury of both median and ulnar nerves occurred in 3 cases (21%), and simultaneous injury of both radial and ulnar artery occurred in 1 case (7%). The injury time was the night in 12 cases (86%), and the most frequent suicidal motive was human relations such as lover or spouse in 12 cases (86%). In 9 cases (64%), the injured were in a drunken state, 3 cases (21%) had been treated for a psychiatric disease at the time of the injury. The durations of postoperative treatment were an average of 5 days of admission and 1 day follow up. Only 1 case results could be evaluated. Conclusions: Patient's poor compliance in wrist laceration with suicidal intent should be expected and these characteristics may affect the management plan.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2016

In adults, mallet finger is a traumatic zone I lesion of the extensor tendon with either tendon rupture or bony avulsion at the base of the distal phalanx. High-energy mechanisms of injury generally occur in young men, whereas lower energy mechanisms are observed in elderly women. The mechanism of injury is an axial load applied to a straight digit tip, which is then followed by passive extreme distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) hyperextension or hyperflexion. Mallet finger is diagnosed clinically, but an X-ray should always be performed. Tubiana's classification takes into account the size of the bony articular fragment and DIPJ subluxation. We propose to stage subluxated fractures as stage III if the subluxation is reducible with a splint and as stage IV if not. Left untreated, mallet finger becomes chronic and leads to a swan-neck deformity and DIPJ osteoarthritis. The goal of treatment is to restore active DIPJ extension. The results of a six- to eight-week conservative course of treatment with a DIPJ splint in slight hyperextension for tendon lesions or straight for bony avulsions depends on patient compliance. Surgical treatments vary in terms of the approach, the reduction technique, and the means of fixation. The risks involved are stiffness, septic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Given the lack of consensus regarding indications for treatment, we propose to treat all cases of mallet finger with a dorsal glued splint except for stage IV mallet finger, which we treat with extra-articular pinning.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1968

Changes in gastrointestinal tissue blood volume induced by variations of venous pressure between 6 and 40 mmHg were studied in 32 rabbits. Venous pressure lowering was produced by withdrawal of appropriate volume of blood and venous pressure elevation was obtained by partial occlusion of intra-thoracic vena cava inferior. Estimation of regional tissue blood volume was performed by means of regional distribution of injected $Cr^{51}-labeled$ red blood cells. The following results were obtained. 1. At the normal control venous pressure value of 18 mmHg, spleen showed the highest value of tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis, namely, $111{\mu}l/gm$, Liver tissue blood volume was $95\;{\mu}l/gm$, small intestine 24 and stomach $21\;{\mu}l/gm$, respectively. 2. Linear relationships were observed between venous pressure change and gastrointestinal tissue blood volume. The coefficients of correlation were: in spleen r=0.723; in liver r=0.791; in stomach r=0.704, respectively. In small intestine the relationship was less clear and r=0.358. Tissue blood volume of extrabdominal tissue, such as M. gastrocnemius was not influenced by venous pressure change. 3. The highest change in tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis was observed in spleen. The liver tissue showed the next highest change. Change in total tissue blood volume, however, was greatest in liver and next greatest in small intestine. This was interpreted by the fact that total weight of these two organs was much greater than that of spleen. 4. The mechanism that the change in tissue blood volume lies in the venous system which has a great compliance was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Objectives: Tobacco marketing encourages smoking initiation of non-smokers, especially adolescents, and it hinders quit intention of those who smoke or who attempt to quit smoking. Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(WHO FCTC) requests a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship(TAPS). Ratified the Convention in 2005, Korea has partially implemented the provisions. However, online marketing regulations are still insufficient. Methods: Based on relevant national and international regulations, this research designed monitoring mechanism for online tobacco marketing and studied 1,404 websites to identify current situation of online sales and advertisement of tobacco in Korea. Results: This study found that online trade of tobacco products are overtly conducted, while tobacco advertising with flavoring and misleading descriptors are also prevalent. Also, online tobacco marketing facilitate adolescents' access to tobacco product and that advertising and promotion activities lead to tobacco purchase without difficulties. Conclusions: Fundamental solution to prevent online tobacco advertisement and promotion is banning online sales of tobacco and conducting a regular monitoring for compliance. Korean government should consider establishing an official surveillance system for online tobacco advertisement, followed by a comprehensive ban on TAPS to fulfill its obligation as a Party to the FCTC.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.351-362
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• 2018

This study investigated how Schwartz' value system(1992) would interfere with SNS users' motivations and behavioral responses. The study result shows that values are characterized in terms of openness, mutual reciprocity, self enhancement, normative compliance, and security. Each of them exerted differential impact on SNS usage motives, social capital, ad response, and word-of-mouth, among others. The five values were used as an input for segmenting SNS users and clustering method produced four value segments; experience seeker, interdependent sympathizer, self enhancer, and norm-bound. Each value group not only influenced SNS perceptions and behavioral responses differently, but also showed a systematic relationship with SNS service types. The study findings demonstrate that Schwartz's value system provides a very useful theoretical basis for understanding the psychological mechanism underlying SNS usage.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.689-733
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• 2011

This study evaluates a novel scheme to trade sulfur dioxide emission permits subject to non-uniform rates. These rates are based on generators' marginal costs of compliance with environmental policy in a hypothesized least social-cost solution. This scheme is compared against the existing trading program used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, featuring permits tradable one for one. Both policies are modeled to yield identical aggregate emissions. A numerical partial-equilibrium model of the U.S. energy industry is used to infer sulfur dioxide concentrations and health damages, as well as producer and consumer surplus, under the two policies. Regional pollution levels are found to vary across the two policies significantly. The system of exchange rates is estimated to outperform the uniform-trading scheme by $2.2 billion in industry profits and $2.1 billion in health damages, but to reduce consumer surplus by $6.7 billion. Paradoxically, exchange rates are thus estimated to lower total welfare by $2.5 billion. This is due to conceptual mechanism-design problems, as well as empirical issues.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.146-160
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• 2023

Purpose: The construction industry is a complex mechanism in which multiple processes are carried out at the same time, and the frequency and severity of accidents account for a higher proportion than other industries, and the accident fatality rate also accounts for more than 50% of all industries. In order to reduce such accidents, the government's disaster investigation method analyzes the limitations from the system safety point of view and proposes improvement plans. Method: The main contents of the government's serious accident investigation were identified, and the effectiveness/adequacy was analyzed from the system safety point of view. Result: Disaster investigation and analysis techniques tailored to violations and compliance were limited in providing fundamental solutions, and alternatives for accident prevention were possible for each component of the system when safety constraints, controls, and hierarchical interactions were combined. Conclusion: When combining the disaster investigation and analysis method from the current accident analysis method from the perspective of system safety, it is possible to identify the problems of interaction by class and communication process, so it is possible to suggest alternatives to prevent accidents from an integrated perspective.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose the TPS (TPM-enhanced Privacy Protection System) which is an automated privacy protection system enhanced with a TPM (Trusted Platform Module). The TPS detects documents including personal information by periodic scanning the disk of clients at regular intervals and encrypts them. Hence, system manages the encrypted documents in the server. In particular, the security of TPS was greatly enhanced by limiting the access of documents including the personal information with regard to the client in an abnormal state through the TPM-based platform verification mechanism of the client system. In addition, we proposed and implemented a VTF (Virtual Trusted File) interface to provide users with the almost identical user interface as general document access even though documents containing personal information are encrypted and stored on the remote server. Consequently, the TPS automates the compliance of the personal information protection acts without additional users' interventions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 2024

Recently, the importance of information security (IS) has been socially recognized, leading organizations to adopt IS policies, secure specialized personnel, and demand IS compliance from employees. However, the implementation of these policies can disrupt existing work processes, causing resistance among employees. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism linking work stress, caused by IS policies that do not consider the work system, to individual job burnout and IS policy resistance. We established a research model and hypotheses based on previous studies and utilized structural equation modeling with data collected from organization members of companies that have implemented IS policies. The results of the structural equation modeling confirmed that work ambiguity and work impediment are linked to IS policy resistance through job burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion and disengagement. Our findings suggest that the swift implementation of IS policies can provoke a backlash from employees, with stress being the primary cause. This paradoxically indicates the need for the development of organization-specific IS policies.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2024

This study presents an energy analysis for large-strain cavity expansion problem based on the general strength criterion and energy theory. This study focuses on the energy dissipation problem during the cavity expansion process, dividing the soil mass around the cavity into an elastic region and a plastic region. Assuming compliance with the small deformation theory in the elastic region and the large deformation theory in the plastic region, combined with the general strength criterion of soil mass and energy theory, the energy dissipation solution for cavity expansion problem is derived. Firstly, from an energy perspective, the process of cavity expansion in soil mass is described as an energy conversion process. The energy dissipation mechanism is introduced into the traditional analysis of cavity expansion, and a general analytical solution for cavity expansion related to energy is derived. Subsequently, based on this general analytical solution of cavity expansion, the influence of different strength criterion, large-strain, expansion radius, cavity shape and characteristics of soil mass on the stress distribution, displacement field and energy evolution around the cavity is studied. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of theoretical solution is verified by comparing the results of typical pressure-expansion curves with existing literature algorithms. The results indicate that different strength criterion have a relatively small impact on the displacement and strain field around the cavity, but a significant impact on the stress distribution and energy evolution around the cavity.