• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.1 s.18
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• pp.27-35
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• 2003

As the modern societies have become complicated and diverse, people's interest in "leisure time" has been higher than ever before, especially in relation to 5 day work a week. The increasing weekend trip and the travlers' demand for the better service and the convenient accomodations gave birth to "Pension" as one of accomodations in Korea. This study focuses on the attempt to plan and design the establishment of the competitive "Pension" which are popular between travelers in their twenties and thirties living in cities. This study also attempts to find the solution of the problems in relation to the actual conditions of the pensions which are built and under construction, and to suggest a new revised concept of pension. The summary is as follows: 1. This study focuses on the special theme of building Mo-Hyun Myon pension community with originality and new style of management. 2. This study includes the introduction of the special agency which makes reservations, promotes, and manages for the convenience of customers and buyers. 3. It pianos to secure the public area for various events and rests. 4. The geographical features of the site where the complex stands will be fully utilized to maximize the beauties of nature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

GIS is the system that has ability of integrating, managing, and analyzing the voluminous graphic and text data, which is adequate system to manage complex network of the underground utilities of urban area. A development of gas line safety management system is accomplished to construct a database of gas line network and topographic data, create safety managing model, and estimate openly its safety by GIS. This system is designed to evaluate easily the damaged facilities in case of gas line explosion by the establishment of the geographic output system. It is designed to trace and present efficiently closed valves and interrupted facilities of gas when gas line breakage occurs, and offer the information by which one can take quickly emergency. And also, it is constructed to prevent from accident occurring under construction work by showing underground utilities and states of work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

Cicada is a very familiar insect to people but habitat characteristics of them are not well known. To investigate habitat characteristics of cicada nymph, plant species, plant cover, soil hardness, accumulated organic mass, organic content in soil, and root density were investigated at 11 sites in an apartment complex garden in Seoul. Selected sites had different densities of cicada nymph case above the ground. Density of cicada nymph case was positively correlated with accumulated organic mass, organic content in soil, and root density and negatively correlated with soil hardness. Even though shrub coverage was not linearly correlated with the density of cicada nymph case, 80% cover of shrub was necessary for the high density of them. Data in this study suggested that organic matter in addition to root density be the primary limitation factor of cicada nymph and high amount of litter-fall decrease soil hardness through the increase of soil organic matter. This study suggests that the density of cicada nymph can be managed through organic content in soil.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 1998

Travel time forecasting, especially public bus travel time forecasting in urban areas, is a difficult and complex problem which requires a prohibitively large computation time and years of experience. As the network of target area grows with addition of streets and lanes, computational burden of the forecasting systems exponentially increases. Even though the travel time between two neighboring intersections is known a priori, it is still difficult, if not impossible, to compute the travel time between every two intersections. For the reason, previous approaches frequently have oversimplified the transportation network to show feasibilities of the problem solving algorithms. In this paper, forecasting of the travel time between every two intersections is attempted based on travel time data between two neighboring intersections. The time stamps data of public buses which recorded arrival time at predetermined bus stops was extensively collected and forecast. At first, the time stamp data was categorized to eliminate white noise, uncontrollable in forecasting, based on wavelet conversion. Then, the radial basis neural networks was applied to remaining data, which showed relatively accurate results. The success of the attempt was confirmed by the drastically reduced relative error when the nodes between the target intersections increases. In general, as the number of the nodes between target intersections increases, the relative error shows the tendency of sharp increase. The experimental results of the novel approaches, based on wavelet conversion and neural network teaming mechanism, showed the forecasting methodology is very promising.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-255
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine effects of a multifactorial program for preventing the frailty of older adults and effects of a follow-up program applying a capacity building strategy. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used for the nonequivalent control group. The follow-up group (n=75) and non-follow-up group (n=68) received the same multifactorial program comprising muscle strength exercise, cognitive training, and psychosocial programs for 12 weeks. After completion of multifactorial program, the follow-up group took follow-up programs applying the capacity building strategy for following 12 weeks. The data of physical function, cognitive function, and psychological function, and self-rated health were collected from both groups three times: before intervention, after intervention, and 12 weeks after intervention. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test and t-test. Results: In comparison with the non-follow-up group, the scores of Timed Up & Go Test, and physical activities energy expenditure were significantly improved in the follow-up group. Conclusion: These results indicate that a multifactorial program with follow-up adapting the strategies of capacity building for the older adults group is feasible to prevent the physical frailty in community.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5978-5999
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• 2018

Pedestrian detection is a challenging area in the intelligent vehicles domain. During the last years, many works have been proposed to efficiently detect motion in images. However, the problem becomes more complex when it comes to detecting moving areas while the vehicle is also moving. This paper presents a variational optical flow-based method for motion estimation in vehicular traffic scenarios. We introduce a framework for detecting motion areas with small and large displacements by computing optical flow using a multilevel architecture. The flow field is estimated at the shortest level and then successively computed until the largest level. We include a filtering parameter and a warping process using bicubic interpolation to combine the intermediate flow fields computed at each level during optimization to gain better performance. Furthermore, we find that by including a penalization function, our system is able to effectively reduce the presence of outliers and deal with all expected circumstances in real scenes. Experimental results are performed on various image sequences from Daimler Pedestrian Dataset that includes urban traffic scenarios. Our evaluation demonstrates that despite the complexity of the evaluated scenes, the motion areas with both moving and static camera can be effectively identified.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 1997

This study was conducted to select appropriate woody species and to propose appropriate woody species and to propose appropriate mounding hight through analysis of soil characteristics, planting state, draining state, growth amount and injured index of woody species. Soil acidity was pH 5.9~7.4, as alkaline soil. The state of draining was proved to be inappropriate for the growth of woody species because of bad draining state. Injured index of woody species were Prunus serrulata var, spontanea in deciduous tree because of polluted water leaked from sanitary landfill and density of planting tree. Appropriate mounding heignt of the planted area which was itensive injured wood species was not less than 80cm. Appropreate woody species in wanggyoi-dong apartment complex were Zelkova serrata, Acer trifloum, Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Ailanthus altissima and appropriate mounding height was not less than 50~60cm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of defects according to the type of block and spatial type by quantitatively examining defects occurring in block pavement in apartment complex. According to the research results, depending on the type of block, defects have occurred 1,394.3ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 464.8ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, and 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks. By space type, the defects were occurred 1,576.0ea/100㎡ on the access road paved by interlocking paver blocks and the defects were found 1,139.6ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks, and 797.1ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, on the sidewalk. Also the defects are occurred 455.6ea/100㎡ on the resting space and 403.2ea/100㎡ on the gym space paved by clay brick paver blocks. Through the size analysis of the defects in the block paver, in the case 'peeling', the largest volume of 2,539.0㎣ on the sidewalk paved with shot blasted paver blocks, and 'Subsidence' occurred at the widest area of 2,096.0㎠ on the sidewalk where interlocking paver block was constructed. The difference in defect occurrence according to the type of block is considered to be influenced by the block production process, and the space type is considered to be caused the difference in the occurrence of defects according to the cause of construction and the usage pattern of residents. This study conducted a survey on defects in block and analyzed the defect characteristic according to paver material and space type. Base on this, it is judged that it can be used as an efficient basic data for material replacement, improvement, paver planning and construction in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment, to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements, and to find out the consumer preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. Library and internet surveys were performed to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment and to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 2nd to 22nd of June 2005, to investigate the preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. The respondents were 250 residents who are from thirties to fifties and living in urban area. As results, respondents think that 'living for health of body and mind' about concept of well-being and 'certificated apartments by green building rating system' or 'apartments introduced ecological factor' about concept of well-being apartment. They answered that 'yes' about 'Do you have intention to buy well-being apartment?'. The elements in aspect of complex planning having the preference were revealed that promenade for complex design, ecological garden or walking space for landscape design, outdoor exercise space for outdoor design, and security system for foundation equipment. The elements having the preference in aspect of public facilities were fitness room for sports & health facility and study room for cultural facility. The preferred elements in aspect of building and unit design were roof garden for building design, multi-functional room for unit floor plan, natural surface material for interior surface, ventilation system for indoor environment, control system for home automation, and food waste machine for home electronics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.109-126
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• 2006

As the national interest in sports has been increased over time, sports facilities and sports complex are considered more than just physical environments for training athletes or watching games. Sports facilities now become symbolic spatial devices to represent the national and cultural pride of any countries. The existing national training camp located in Taenung, Seoul is gotting outdated and degraded. The polluted air in the city risks athletes' health condition. The government planned to construct the second training camp at Jincheon, Chungbuk at the area of $2,171,910m^2$. The Korea Sports Council called for proposals to envision the future training camp, and they held a design competition from August to November, 2005. The first phase was to present the masterplan for the entire site including training buildings, outdoor training facilities, dormitories, a visitor center, a research center, education and administration buildings. Considering the size of the site, the planning process required a strong relationship between landscape and architecture. This study tries to provide general explanations on the winning proposal focused on the landscape-related issues. It also attempts to have reference points for contemporary planning and design issues to situate the project in the stream of continuing design effort to avoid the dichotomy between nature and culture. The landscape proposal for the new national taming camp suggests four main strategies; 1) The camp has two intersecting and interweaving parks which represent the natural and urban order. 2) The entire site is organized and networked by the flow of landscape called landscape ribbon in terms of topography, vegetation, and water flow. 3) The landscape is choreographed through the time and process. 4) The ecological process and the digital contents are juxtaposed in the landscape. This winning proposal is the first step to portray the national vision for the sustainable environment coexisting with sports industry. Landscape in this proposal is an active agent to network various parts of the site which enables landscape to be infrastructure. Landscape design in this proposal should be considered open-ended strategies rather than determined concrete forms and its engaging further development will be tested in following Design-Build phase.