• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.435-443
• /
• 2015

Two phase sampling design is useful to increase estimation efficiency using deep stratification, improved non-response adjustment and reduced coverage bias. The same sampling units are commonly used for the first and the second phases in complex two-phase sampling design. In this paper we consider a sampling scheme where the first phase sampling units are clusters and the second phase sampling units are list samples. Using selected clusters in first phase requires that we list up elements in the selected clusters from the first phase and then use the list as a secondary sampling frame for the second phase sampling design. Then we select second phase samples from the listed sampling frame. We suggest an estimator based on the complex two-phase sampling design with different sampling units of each phase. Also the estimated variances of the estimator obtained by using classic and replication variance methods are considered and compared using simulation studies. For real data analysis, 2010 Korea Farm Household Economy Survey (KFHES) and 2011 Korea Agriculture Survey (KAS) are used.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제30권7C호
• /
• pp.687-695
• /
• 2005

차세대 통신기술인 Software-Defined Radio (SDR)시스템은 단일 하드웨어 플랫폼에 소프트웨어 변경만으로 다양한 통신표준을 수용할 수 있는 시스템이다. 시스템의 융통성(flexibility)과 적응성(adaptability)을 위하여 RF와 관련된 하드웨어의 최소화가 필요하며, 이를 위해 ADC를 사용으로 기저대역(baseband) 또는 낮은 IF단으로 직접하향 변환(downconversion)을 할 수 있는 bandpass sampling 기법이 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 complex bandpass sampling 방식을 이용하여 두 가지의 통신 표준이 한 시스템에서 동시에 직접 하향 변환하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 이에 따른 sampling 가능 영역, 보호대역(guard-band)을 고려한 sampling 가능 최소 주파수 그리고 이동된 신호의 위치를 구하는 수식들을 유도한 뒤 그래프를 통해 비교 분석하였다. 또한 제안한 sampling방식이 모의실험을 통해 기존에 제안되었던 real bandpass sampling방식보다 SDR시스템에 더욱 적합하다는 것을 입증하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 신체활동수준, 주관적 건강상태, 코로나19 염려의 관계를 분석하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 2020년 지역사회건강조사를 바탕으로 전국 만 19세 이상 성인 229,269명의 설문데이터 자료를 분석하였다. 복합표본설계로 가중치, 층화변수, 집락변수를 지정하여 분석하였다. SPSS 통계분석 프로그램을 이용하여 복합표본 빈도분석, 복합표본 교차분석, 복합표본 회귀분석을 실시하고, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 신체활동수준이 높은 그룹이 신체활동수준이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 주관적 건강상태가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체활동수준이 높은 그룹이 신체활동수준이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 코로나19 염려가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주관적 건강수준이 높은 그룹이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 코로나19 염려가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 다만 본 연구에서는 실제 코로나19 감염여부는 분석에 포함하지 않았다는 제한점이 있다.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.158-167
• /
• 1992

This paper represents the new techniques for optimal sampling plans of reliability applying the mathematical complex number(real and imaginary number) in the complex system of reliability. The research formulation represent a mathematical model Which preserves all essential aspects of the main and auxiliary factors of the research objectives. It is important to formule the problem in good agreement with the objective of the research considering the main and auxilary factors which affect the system performance. This model was repeatedly tested to determine the required statistical chatacteristics which in themselves determine the actual and standard distributions. The evaluation programs and techniques are developed for establishing criteria for sampling plans of reliability effectiveness, and the evaluation of system performance was based on the complex stochastic process(derived by the Runge-Kutta method. by kolmogorv's criterion and the transform of a solution to a Sturon-Liouville equation.) The special structure of this mathematical model is exploited to develop the optimal sampling plans of reliability in the complex system.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.459-469
• /
• 1998

Balanced half sample method is a simple variance estimation method for complex sampling designs. Since it is simple and flexible, it has been widely used in large scale sample surveys. However, the usual BHS method overestimate the true variance in without replacement sampling and two-stage cluster sampling. Focusing on this point , we proposed an unbiased BHS variance estimator in a stratified two-stage cluster sampling and then described an implementation method of the proposed estimator. Finally, partially BHS design is explained as a tool of reducing the number of replications of the proposed estimator.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.1217-1225
• /
• 2015

조사자료분석에 있어서 표본추정량에 대해 설계요소가 갖는 효율성은 단순확률추출과 비교한 복잡표본설계의 의한 표본추출이 주는 분산의 상대적 크기인 설계효과를 통해 평가할 수 있다. 설계효과의 유용성은 복잡설계요소의 함수형태로 표현될 수 있을때 극대화될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 층화다단추출의 표본설계에서 적용될 수 있는 설계효과모형을 제시하였다. 제시된 설계효과모형은 기존 다단추출을 위한 Gabler 등 (1999, 2006)의 모형을 일반화한 것으로 층구조, 표본할당, 집락추출 및 불균등가중치 등의 설계요소들이 정도수준에 갖는 영향력을 함수식으로 명확히 나타내주고 있다. 이를 활용하면 사전에 기술된 추정정도를 얻기 위해 설정한 표본크기가 줄 수 있는 설계효과를 예측하는데 활용할 수 있다. 또한 사후적으로 표본설계의 개별 설계요소들이 표본추정량에 대해 갖는 효율성을 평가하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2012

Categorical data collected based on complex sample design is not proper for the standard Pearson multinomial-based chi-squared test because the observations are not independent and identically distributed. This study investigates effects of bias of point estimator of population proportion and its variance estimator to the standard Pearson chi-squared test statistics when the sample is collected based on complex sampling scheme. This study examines the effect under two population homogeneity test. The standard Pearson test statistic can be partitioned into two parts; the first part is the weighted sum of ${\chi}^2_1$ with eigenvalues of design matrix as their weights, and the additional second part which is added due to the biases of the point estimator and its variance estimator. Our empirical analysis shows that even though the bias of point estimator is small, Pearson test statistic is very much inflated due to underestimate the variance of point estimator. In the connection of design-based variance estimator and its design matrix, the bigger the average of eigenvalues of design matrix is, the larger relative size of which the first component part to Pearson test statistic is taking.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2012

Measurement error is one of main source of error in survey. It is generally defined as the difference between an observed value and an underlying true value. An observed value with error may be expressed as a function of the true value plus error term. In some cases, the measurement error variance may be also a function of the unknown true value. The error variance function can be rewritten as a function of true value multiplied by a scale factor. This research explore methods for estimation of the measurement error variance based on the data from complex sampling design. We consider the case in which the variance of mesurement error is a linear function of unknown true value, and the error variance scale factor is small. We applied our results to the U.S. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (the U.S. NHANES III) data for empirical analyses, which has replicate measurements for relatively small subset of initial respondents's group.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.1127-1135
• /
• 2014

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are designed to discover genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with human complex traits. Although there is an increasing interest in the application of GWAS methodologies to population-based cohorts, many published GWAS have adopted a case-control design, which raise an issue related to a sampling bias of both case and control samples. Because of unequal selection probabilities between cases and controls, the samples are not representative of the population that they are purported to represent. Therefore, non-random sampling in case-control study can potentially lead to inconsistent and biased estimates of SNP-trait associations. In this paper, we proposed inverse-probability of sampling weights based on disease prevalence to eliminate a case-control sampling bias in estimation and testing for association between SNPs and quantitative traits. We apply the proposed method to a data from the Korea Association Resource project and show that the standard estimators applied to the weighted data yield unbiased estimates.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 2014

National-wide and/or large scale sample surveys generally use complex sample design. Traditional Pearson chi-square test is not appropriate for the categorical complex sample data. Rao-Scott suggested an adjustment method for Pearson chi-square test, which uses the average of eigenvalues of design matrix of cell probabilities. This study is to compare the efficiency of Rao-Scott first order adjusted test to Wald test for homogeneity between two populations using 2009 Gyeongnam regional education offices's customer satisfaction survey (2009 GREOCSS) data. The 2009 GREOCSS data were collected based on stratified three-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. The empirical results show that the Rao-Scott adjusted test statistic using only the variances of cell probabilities is very close to the Wald test statistic, which uses the covariance matrix of cell probabilities, under the 2009 GREOCSS data based. However it is necessary to be cautious to use the Rao-Scott first order adjusted test statistic in the place of Wald test because its efficiency is decreasing as the relative variance of eigenvalues of the design matrix of cell probabilities is increasing, specially more when the number of degrees of freedom is small.