• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.705-709
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• 1999

To evaluate iron bioavailability in iron fortified milk, in vitro and in vivo method were used. Low molecular weight components(ILC) from milk was isolated and iron was added, then soluble iron from ILC iron complex was determined. Each iron sources and extrinsically labelled with FeCl3 was used for measuring absorption rate of iron from ILC radiolabelled iron complexes as radioiron absorption into the blood one hour after injection into ligated duodenal loops of iron deficient rats. Iron absorption rate was in the order of ferrous lactate(25.56%)$\geq$ferric citrate(24.71%)$\geq$ferrous sulfate(19.67%) when 100ppm iron was used. In separate experiments, iron fortified milks with each iron sources were gavaged into iron deficient rats. When 25ppm iron was added to milk, the order of iron absorption was ferrous sulfate(12.52%)>ferrous lactate(8.07%)>ferric citrate(6.52%) (p<0.05). When 100ppm iron was added to milk, absorption rate was decreased compared to the treatments with added 25ppm of iron. Absorption rate of ferrous sulfate(5.34%) from milk added 100ppm iron was highly lowered, but ferric citrate(6.45%) was not significantly changed. The absorption rate of ferrous lactate(5.82%) was 70% of 25ppm iron added milk.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2000

Newly modified spray Pyrolysis system was developed to Produce ultra Pure and fine Powder by spray Pyrolysis Process. In this system, raw material solution was effectively atomized and sprayed into the reaction furnace. Also, thermal decomposition process fully completed in the three zone reaction furnace, and produced powder was effectively collected. A technology to reduce impurities in complex acid solution below 20ppm was also developed. The characteristics of produced powder were studied by changing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, the injection velocity of the solution and air, nozzle tip size and concentration of solution. The morphology of powder had spherical shape under the most experimental conditions, and the composition and the particle size distribution were almost uniform. Under the most experimental conditions average particle size of most produced powder was below 100nm.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 1996

Chondroitin sulfate/gelatin microspheres containing dexamethasone 21-acetate were prepared by complex coacervation method and their release patterns were examined in vitro. Microspheres prepared with a small amount of crosslinking agent had smooth surface and few pores, but those with a large amount of crosslinking agent were more porous and less spherical. In vitro release patterns were varied by changing polymer/drug weight ratio and amount of crosslinking agent. The release rate of dexamethasone 21-acetate in the presence of collagenase was faster than that in the absence of collagenase. Anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone 21-acetate microspheres was more efficient than that of dexamethasone 21-acetate solution in carrageenan-induced arthritis in the rat. On the basis of the above results, we might expect the degradation and drug release rate of these microspheres to be regulated by the degree of crosslinking and the level of enzymes. In patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who have high concentration of collagenase, more drug would be released from the microspheres. An intra-articular injection therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with desired release kinetics could be developed to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic index.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve a technique of cloned animal prodcution by preactivation of nuclear recipient oocytes with ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) in rabbits. The oocytes were collected from the oviduct of superovulated rabbit at 19∼20 hours post hCG injection. The collected oocytes were preactivated and self-enucleated by treating 5 uM ionoycin for 5 min, and 2.0 mM 6-DMAP for two hours. Microsurgical removel of the chromation complex in the second polar bodies was effectively performd and single blastomere separated from 32-cell stage rabbit embryos was injected into the perivitelline space of the enculeated recipient oocyts. Follwoing electrofusion and in vitro culture for 18 hours, the nuclear transplant(NT) embryos were transferred into the uterine horns of naturally mated or synchronized recipient does. When 32 NT embryous reconstituted with preactivated oocytes were transferred to 2 recipient does, one foster doe delivered two offspring (6.3%), while not a offspring was delivered from three foster does which received 17 NT embryos reconstituted with non-preactivated oocytes. A total of 68 NT embryos reconstituted with preactivated oocytes were transferred into the uterine horns of 7 synchronized ecipient does. Among them, two recipients were pregnant and delivered three offspring(5.9%).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.379-386
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether berberine (BER) administration could attenuate depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and increase corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression following chronic morphine withdrawal in rats. Male rats were exposed to chronic, intermittent, escalating morphine (10~50 mg/kg) for 10 days. After the last morphine injection, depression- and anxiety-like beahvior associated with morphine discontinuation persisted for at least three days during withdrawal without any change in ambulatory activity. Daily BER administration significantly decreased immobility in the forced swimming test and increased open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze test. BER administration also significantly blocked the increase in hypothalamic CRF expression and TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the decrease in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that BER administration significantly reduced morphine withdrawal-associated behaviors following discontinuation of repeated morphine administration in rats, possibly through modulation of hypothalamic CRF and the central noradrenergic system. BER may be a useful agent for treating or alleviating complex withdrawal symptoms and preventing morphine use relapses.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2007

The significant drawback of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is force ripples, which are generated by the distortion of the stator flux linkage distributions, cogging forces caused by the interaction of the permanent magnet and the iron core and the end effects. This will deteriorate the performance of the drive system in high precision applications. The PMLSM and its parasitic effects are analyzed and modeled using the complex state-variable approach. To minimize the force ripple and realize the high precision control, the components of force ripples are extracted first and then compensated by injecting the instantaneous current to counteract the force ripples. And this method of the PMLSM system is realized by the field oriented control method. In order to verify the validity of this proposed method, the system simulations are carried out and the results are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed force ripples reduction method can be seen according to the comparison between the compensation and non-compensation cases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1812-1816
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• 2011

This research developed chemical flow control system(CFCS) essential for spinner equipment in nano semiconductor manufacturing process under the 100nm to prevent complex process defect due to missing spread after chemical injection. The devices developed in this research, which can be swiftly replaced in case abnormal state element changes or wafer manufacturing defect occurs, are anticipated to improve module yield as well as real-time monitoring on the state element. In addition, as a result of mounting H/W and S/W system to control detailed operation sequence in production line and executing performance check and verification, we can be exactly detected in five abnomal process type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2007

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with the electron dominant complex, 4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (Bphen) into the traditional electron transporting material of tris (S-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum $(Alq_3)$, neat $Alq_3$ and Bphen as electron-transporting layers (ETLs), respectively. Use of the Bphen material results in efficient electron injection and transport, allowing for high luminous efficiency devices. The devices with neat $Alq_3$(Device1), 1:1 mixed $Alq_3$ : Bphen(Device2), and Bphen(Device3) have efficiency of 15.3cd/A, 16.9cd/A, 20.9cd/A, respectively, at $20\;mA/cm^2$. The efficiency characteristic of device with Bphen is best, but the device that is satisfied high efficiency and stability at once is observed in Device2.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 2005

Although several suspension biomaterials have been considered to be relatively safe and convenient, varying degrees of resorption have required repeated percutaneous injection. In the previous animal study the authors have reported that cultured human fibroblasts suspended in $Restylane^{(R)}$, which is modified hyaluronic acid, could produce human dermal matrices and prolong the effect of this gel. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this method. A total of 11 patients ranging from 25 to 57 years of age were included in this study between January of 2002 and December of 2003. All the patients were treated for the purpose of augmentation rhinoplasty. $1{\times}10^7/ml$ or $1.5{\times}10^7/ml$ cultured fibroblasts were suspended in 0.7 to 1.4 ml of $Restylane^{(R)}$. The implants were transferred to a 1-ml syringe and injected subcutaneously to the nose of the patients. Among 11 patients, long term follow-up for more than 1 year was possible in 6 patients. The injected implants remained in site without evidence of resorption or loss of correction. All the patients were satisfied with long term results of this method. There was no complication during the follow-up period.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2005

The analytical methods for dioxins in water sample from wastewater to tap water were reviewed. For extraction method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been widely used, however, this process needs too much time and man power. New approach including solid phase extraction (SPE) is now applicable to large volume of water sample with high extraction efficiency. Column clean up in classical analytical methods were very complex and time consuming procedures during decade. Modifications were tried to decrease solvent and reagents volume. Moreover, use of column connection method has been demonstrated in the environmental matrices. Instrumental configurations also have been improved, in which GC/MS/MS with large volume injection approach can analyze picogram levels. Absolute sensitivities of HRMS increased compared to old versions of double focusing sector type mass spectrometers. Based on these analytical evolutions during last 10 years, we tried to optimize the analytical method for dioxins in water sample from sample extraction to instrumental analysis.