• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.357-361
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• 1999

GOD electrochemically immobilized in PPy/GOD complex have an effect on redox properties of the complex. In the cyclicvoltammetry, GOD shows the redox reaction at the potential below -0.6Y vs. Ag/AgCI. That leads to new peaks in the cyclicvoltammograms in additional to typical PPy peaks. The pH of electrolyte solution during potential swing decreased to 4.4, and then increased to 10. That suggests the redox of GOD for the cycling. As the concentration of GOD was increased, the anodic wave of the new peaks was strong as much as increased. GOD obstructs the diffusion of electrolyte anion because of its net chain. Insulating property of GOD is cause that it made the faradic impedance of complex large in charge transfer. It suggests that increase of the concentration of GOD be against electrochemical coupling. Therefore, the concentration of GOD and electrochemical coupling should be dealt with each other. The apparent Michaelis-lenten constant ( K\`$_{M}$ ) was determined by 30.7 mmol d $m^{-3}$ fur the PPy/GOD complex. The value is of the same order of magnitude as that for soluble glucose oxidase from Aspergillus Niger.r.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2006

In Korea, a proton linear accelerator complex is being built as a part of the 21st Century Frontier Projects. Contingent valuation method (CVM) is a main evaluation method of nonmarket goods for which markets either do not exist at all or do exist only incompletely. This study shows the method can be applied to the benefit assessment of the proton accelerator complex. Using the discrete choice CVM method, this study estimates the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of a would-be user for the proton accelerator complex as 20,133 won per month.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.975-992
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• 2017

In this article, we consider a real hypersurface of complex two-plane Grassmannians $G_2({\mathbb{C}}^{m+2})$, $m{\geq}3$, admitting commuting ${\ast}$-Ricci and pseudo anti-commuting ${\ast}$-Ricci tensor, respectively. As the applications, we prove that there do not exist ${\ast}$-Einstein metrics on Hopf hypersurfaces as well as ${\ast}$-Ricci solitons whose potential vector field is the Reeb vector field on any real hypersurfaces.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

온산공업단지는 인근에 울산석유화학단지가 위치해 있고 동쪽에는 바다가 위치하고 있는 공업지역이다. 이러한 이유로 온산공업단지에서 배출되는 대기오염물질은 특히, 해풍과 같은 기상인자에 영향을 받기 쉽다. 본 연구에서는 기상자료를 분석하여 해풍과 박무발생 빈도를 평가하였으며, 온산공업단지 인근의 기상현상에 의해 영향을 받는 대기오염물질의 농도를 평가하기 위해 상층바람조건과 온위를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 박무와 해풍이 발생될 때, 미세먼지($PM_{10}$)는 각각 57.2%, 71.8%, 이산화황($SO_2$)은 46.6%, 57.7%로 고농도 현상이 나타났다. 이런 결과를 통해 박무와 해풍과 같은 기상현상이 대기오염물질의 고농도에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 온위와 상층바람조건을 활용한 상층기상을 분석한 결과, 해풍에 의한 울산석유 화학단지에서 배출된 대기오염물질의 이류가 온산공업단지 인근의 고농도 현상에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, 안정한 대기조건에서 해풍이 발생했을 때, 온산공업단지의 평균농도에 비해 1.5배 이상 고농도 현상이 나타났다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2003

In cases of the microfluidic channel, the electrokinetic influence on the transport behavior can be found. The externally applied body force originated from the electrostatic interaction between the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann field and the flow-induced electrical field is applied in the equation of motion. The electrostatic potential profile is computed a priori by applying the finite difference scheme, and an analytical solution to the Navier-Stokes equation of motion for slit-like microchannel is obtained via the Green's function. An explicit analytical expression for the induced electrokinetic potential is derived as functions of relevant physicochemical parameters. The effects of the electric double layer, the zeta potential of the solid surface, and the charge condition of the channel wall on the velocity profile as well as the electroviscous behavior are examined. With increases in either electric double layer or zeta potential, the average fluid velocity in the channel of same charge is entirely reduced, whereas the electroviscous effect becomes stronger. We observed an opposite behavior in the channel of opposite charge, where the attractive electrostatic interactions are presented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.857-866
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• 2011

This study examined the metabolism of free radicals in hepatic mitochondria of goats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and investigated the effects of melatonin (MT). Forty-eight healthy goats ($10{\pm}1.2\;kg$) were randomly selected and divided into four groups: saline control, LPS, MT+LPS and MT. The goats within each group were3 sacrificed either 3 or 6 h after treatment and the livers removed to isolate mitochondria. The respiration control ratio (RCR), the ADP:O ratio, the oxidative phosphorylation ratio (OPR), the concentration of $H_2O_2$ and the activities of Complex I-IV were determined. The mitochondrial membrane potential ($\Delta\psi_m$) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that RCR, O/P and OPR of the LPS group decreased (p<0.05), as well as activities of respiratory complexes, whereas the generation of $H_2O_2$ in Complex III increased (p<0.05) after 3 h, while Complex II and III increased after 6 h. Also, it was found that the mitochondrial membrane potential of the LPS group declined (p<0.05). However, pre-treatment with MT attenuated the injury induced by LPS, which not only presented higher (p<0.05) RCR, O/P, OPR, and respiratory complex activities, but also maintained the $\Delta\psi_m$. Interestingly, it is revealed that, in the MT+LPS group, the generation of $H_2O_2$ increased firstly in 3 h, and then significantly (p<0.05).decreased after 6 h. In the MT group, the function of mitochondria, the transmenbrane potential and the generation of $H_2O_2$ were obviously improved compared to the control group. Conclusion: melatonin prevents damage caused by LPS on hepatic mitochondria of goats.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2007

To develop a clinically available saponin- or sapogenin complex from Oriental medicines, the EtOH extract (KPRG-A) was obtained by extracting from the four crude drugs, Kalopanacis Cortex, Platycodi Radix, Rubi Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radis. The BuOH fraction (KPRG-B), a crude saponin complex, was prepared by fractionating KPRG-A, which were further completely hydrolyzed to afford the sapogenin complex (KPRG-D). In an attempt to find the antinoicpetive effects of the saponin complex and sapogenin complex, KPRG-C, and -D, were assayed by writhing-, hot plate-, and tail-flick tests using mice or rats. The three samples were also subjected to antiiflammatory tests using serotonin-induced and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema mice and rats, respectively. The three samples significantly reduced inflammations and pains of the experimental animal. The potency were found in the order of KPRG-D> KPRG-C> KPRG-B. The most active sample, KPRG-D, caused no death, no body increase or no anatomical pathlogic change even at 2,000 mg/kg dose. These results suggest that a sapogenin complex, KPRG-D, which was found to contain mainly hederagenin, platycodigenin, polygalacic acid, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, glycyrrhetic acid together with minor triterpene acids, could be a potential candidate for antiinflammatory therapeutics.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2251-2258
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• 2012

본 연구는 잠재적 위험요인을 탐색하는 방법으로 단순임의추출분석(unweighted sample design), 빈도 가중치를 적용한 단일표본분석(frequency weighted sample design), 가중치를 층화하여 적용한 복합표본분석(complex sample design)을 비교하고, 도출된 결과에 통계적인 차이가 있는지를 파악하고자 수행되었다. 자료원은 2009 국민건강영양조사의 이비인후과 검진 자료를 이용하였다. 분석 방법은 피어슨의 교차검정(Pearson chi-square test)과 라오-스콧교차검정(Rao-scott chi-square test)을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 빈도 가중치만을 적용한 단일표본분석의 경우에는 모든 변수가 유의한 위험요인으로 과대 예측 되었고, 가중치를 적용하지 않은 단순임의추출 분석과 복합표본분석은 유의수준 및 결과에 차이가 있었다. 국가통계자료를 이용할 때, 연구의 결과가 전체 인구집단을 대표할 수 있도록 의미를 부여하기 위해서는 층화변수와 집락변수를 사용하여 가중치를 적용하는 복합표본분석이 필요하다. 나아가, 빈도 가중치만을 적용하는 경우에는 연구 결과에 대한 과잉해석의 가능성이 높기 때문에 각별한 주의가 요구된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

In general, the industrial complex is a place where factories of various industries are concentrated. It is only as efficient as it is designed. However, the risks vary as there are various industries. These features are also associated with various types of disasters. The dangers of natural disasters such as a typhoon, flood, and earthquake, as well as fire and explosions, are also latent. Many of these risks can make stable production and business activities difficult, resulting in massive direct and indirect damage. In particular, decades after its establishment, the vulnerabilities increase even more as aging and small businesses are considered. In this sense, it is significant to assess the vulnerability of the industrial complex. Thus analysing fire and explosion hazards as stage 1 of the vulnerability evaluation for the major potential disasters for the industrial complex. First, fire vulnerabilities were analyzed quantitatively. It is displayed in blocks for each company. The assessment block status and the fire vulnerability rating status were conducted by applying the five-step criteria. Level A is the highest potential risk step and E is the lowest step. Level A was 11.8% in 20 blocks, level B was 22.5% in 38 blocks, level C was 25.4% in 43 blocks, level D was 26.0% in 44 blocks, and level E was 14.2% in 24 blocks. Levels A and B with high fire vulnerabilities were analyzed at 34.3%. Secondly, the vulnerability for an explosion was quantitatively analyzed. Explosive vulnerabilities were analyzed at 4.7% for level A with 8 blocks, 3.0% for level B with 5, 1.8% for level C with 3, 4.7% for level D with 8, and 85.8% for level E with 145. Levels A and B, which are highly vulnerable to explosions, were 7.7 %. Thirdly, the overall vulnerability can be assessed by adding disaster vulnerabilities to make future assessments. Moreover, it can also assist in efficient safety and disaster management by visually mapping quantified data. This will also be used for the integrated control center of the N-Industrial Complex, which is currently being installed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

색조 화장품 원료로 사용되는 무기안료 탈크와 소수성 실리카의 제타전위 차를 조절하여 표면처리된 판상 무기안료 복합체를 제조하였다. 탈크는 색조 화장품의 처방에서 주로 쓰이는 판상 무기물질로서 피부에 대한 발림성과 퍼짐성을 갖는 백색 안료이다. 또한 분산성과 신장성이 우수하며, 내열성, 내광성, 내화학성 등에 안정하다. 실리카는 일반적인 색조화장품에서 화장의 지속성을 높여주며 제형에서의 안정성을 높여주는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 탈크와 소수성 실리카를 각각 양이온성, 음이온성 계면활성제로 표면전하를 조절한 후 제타전위 차를 이용하여 탈크 표면에 소수성 실리카를 표면처리하여 무기안료 복합체를 제조하였다. 제조된 무기안료 복합체는 소수성 실리카가 탈크 표면 위에 $1{\mu}m$ 이하로 코팅되어 있으며 효과적인 소수성을 띤다. 무기안료의 표면전하 분석을 위해 제타전위를 측정하였고, 계면활성제 표면처리된 안료는 FT-IR 로 계면활성제의 작용기를 확인하였다. 무기안료 복합체의 표면은 SEM, EDS, FIB 등으로 관찰하였으며, XRD, FT-IR 등으로 구조를 확인하였다.