• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2015

The complex analysis of the pedigree records of Czech Landrace (CLA), Czech Large White-dam line (CLWd), Czech Large White-sire line (CLWs), Duroc (DC), and Pietrain (PN) was performed to determine trends of genetic diversity (GD), and to find the main sources of the GD loss. The total size of the pedigree was 132,365, 391,151, 32,913, 13,299, and 7,160 animals in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. Animals born in the years 2011 through 2013 were assumed as the reference population. The average pedigree completeness index for one generation back was 95.9%, 97.4%, 91.2%, 89.8%, and 94.2% for appropriate breeds. Number of ancestors explaining 100% of gene pool was 186, 373, 125, 157, and 37 in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. The relative proportion of inbred animals (58%, 58%, 54%, 47%, and 25%), the average inbreeding (2.7%, 1.4%, 2.5%, 3.6%, and 1.3%) and the average co-ancestry (3.1%, 1.6%, 3.3%, 4.2%, and 3.3%) were found over the past decade in analysed breeds. The expected inbreeding under random mating increased during the last 10 years in CLWs and PN and varied from 1.27% to 3.2%. The effective population size computed on the basis of inbreeding was 76, 74, 50, 35, and 83 in 2012 in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. The shortest generation interval (1.45) was observed for CLWd in sire to son selection pathway. The longest generation interval obtained PN (1.95) in sire to daughter pathway. The average relative GD loss within last generation interval was 7.05%, 4.70%, 9.81%, 7.47%, and 10.46%, respectively. The relative proportion of GD loss due to genetic drift on total GD loss was 85.04%, 84.51%, 89.46%, 86.19%, and 83.68% in CLA, CLWd, CLWs, DC, and PN, respectively. All breeds were characterized by a high proportion of inbred animals, but the average inbreeding was low. The most vulnerable breeds to loss of GD are DC and PN. Therefore, a breeding program should be more oriented to prevent the increase of GD loss in these breeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2001

A method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) was introduced incorporating the information of mixed progeny from complex pedigrees. The method consisted of two steps based on single marker analysis. The first step was to examine the marker-trait association with a mixed model considering common environmental effect and reversed QTL-marker linkage phase. The second step was to estimate QTL effects by a weighted least square analysis. A simulation study indicated that the method incorporating mixed progeny from multiple generations improved the accuracy of QTL detection. The influence of within-genotype variance and recombination rate on QTL analysis was further examined. Detecting a QTL with a large within-genotype variance was more difficult than with a small within-genotype variance. Most of the significant marker-QTL association was detectable when the recombination rate was less than 15%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 1992

After the virtual eradication of cattle during World War II, Papua New Guinea herds were rebuilt with Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus cattle from Australia. These, and Red Sindhi and Sahiwal, imported in 1952, were considered unsuitable breeds. In 1954, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries imported three Brahman bulls and three heifers from Texas and in 1960 began importations of Afrikaner from Queensland. In Central Province, Brahmans were crossed with Angus and at Erap (Morobe) the hottest place in Papua New Guinea, Shorthorns were crossed with Afrikaners. In 1965, Brahman and Brahman-cross were sent to Erap. Records of breeding and growth rates were collected for use in upgrading in cattle of the basis of performance, not pedigree. The data are not ideal for genetic analysis, since no control groups were maintained. Birth weights (BWT), weaning weights (WWT) and calving intervals (CI) were analysed for the period 1969-1978. After exclusion of unsatisfactory data, 2,514 calf records were used, including both breeds from 1969 to 1973, but only Brahman-cross subsequently. Breed mean BWT ranged only from 30.6 to 33.8 kg. As Brahman content increased, BWT decreased and WWT increased; within a genotype, there was a negative maternal effect of high Brahman content on BWT and a positive effect on WWT which ranged from 138 to 174 kg. Afrikaner calves had heavier BWT but lighter WWT. As expected, bulls were heaviest, heifers lightest and mature cows bore and reared heavier calves. Calving interval (405 days, equivalent to 90% calving) was unaffected by breed but 4-year old cows averaged 423 days. Breed differences in BWT and WWT are consistent with the body of literature on performance of Brahmans and Afrikaners. Since cattle tick are not present and internal parasites are insignificant at Erap, the superiority of Brahmans indicates that they were better at utilizing the mediocre quality grazing of the Markham Valley or were more heat tolerant. Performance selection over ten years resulted in the virtual elimination of Afrikaners, with the final genotype approximately 9/16 Brahman, 3/8 Shorthorn and 1/16 Afrikaner.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6605-6608
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Colorectal cancer screening is an optimal way for reducing of morbidity and mortality and a clinical decision support system (CDSS) plays an important role in predicting success of screening processes. DSS is a computer-based information system that improves the delivery of preventive care services. The aim of this article was to detail engineering of information requirements and work flow design of CDSS for a colorectal cancer screening program. Materials and Methods: In the first stage a screening minimum data set was determined. Developed and developing countries were analyzed for identifying this data set. Then information deficiencies and gaps were determined by check list. The second stage was a qualitative survey with a semi-structured interview as the study tool. A total of 15 users and stakeholders' perspectives about workflow of CDSS were studied. Finally workflow of DSS of control program was designed by standard clinical practice guidelines and perspectives. Results: Screening minimum data set of national colorectal cancer screening program was defined in five sections, including colonoscopy data set, surgery, pathology, genetics and pedigree data set. Deficiencies and information gaps were analyzed. Then we designed a work process standard of screening. Finally workflow of DSS and entry stage were determined. Conclusions: A CDSS facilitates complex decision making for screening and has key roles in designing optimal interactions between colonoscopy, pathology and laboratory departments. Also workflow analysis is useful to identify data reconciliation strategies to address documentation gaps. Following recommendations of CDSS should improve quality of colorectal cancer screening.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2015

Previous studies in Holstein have shown 35% to 51.8% heritability in milk production traits, such as milk yield, fat, and protein, using pedigree data. Other studies in complex human traits could be captured by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and their genetic variations, attributed to chromosomes, are in proportion to their length. Using genome-wide estimation and partitioning approaches, we analyzed three quantitative Holstein traits relevant to milk production in Korean Holstein data harvested from 462 individuals genotyped for 54,609 SNPs. For all three traits (milk yield, fat, and protein), we estimated a nominally significant (p = 0.1) proportion of variance explained by all SNPs on the Illumina BovineSNP50 Beadchip ($h^2_G$). These common SNPs explained approximately most of the narrow-sense heritability. Longer genomic regions tended to provide more phenotypic variation information, with a correlation of 0.46~0.53 between the estimate of variance explained by individual chromosomes and their physical length. These results suggested that polygenicity was ubiquitous for Holstein milk production traits. These results will expand our knowledge on recent animal breeding, such as genomic selection in Holstein.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제37호
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• pp.253-281
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• 2018

이 논문은 19세기 말 가린-미하일로프스키에 의해 채록된 "조선설화" 속 수달 전설의 특징과 그 의미를 밝히는 것을 목표로 한다. "조선설화"에 수록된 64편의 설화들은 1898년 두만강과 압록강 유역에서 채록된 것으로 이른 시기 한반도 북부 지역에서 전승되던 설화의 일면을 보여주지만 1980년대 후반에 이르러서야 우리에게 소개되었다. 이후 선행 연구를 통해 "조선설화"의 대체적인 성격과 연행 과정에 대한 정리가 이루어졌다. 그러나 개별 작품에 대한 본격적인 논의는 아직 미흡하다. 이에 본고에서 조선과 만주의 기원을 다루는 설화 <수달에 관한 전설>을 중심으로 그 이야기의 형식적 특징을 살폈고, 나아가 이야기 속에 형상화된 누루하치 가문과 이성계 가문의 대결 양상에 개입하고 있는 서술시각의 의미에 대해 논의해 보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. <수달에 관한 전설>의 형식적인 특징은 '야래자 유형'과 <물 속 미륵 귀에 건 아버지 유골>, 눈 빛 강한 이인, 정충신 일화처럼 개별적으로 존재하는 설화 유형이나 화소를 재구성하여 새로운 혼합형 설화로 만들어냈음을 밝혔다. 각각의 서사 논리를 지닌 기존의 설화들을 재배치하면서 <수달에 관한 전설>에는 여러 변형들이 생겨났다. 그러나 다양한 종류의 변형을 가로지르는 일관된 논리는 누루하치 가문과 이성계 가문 간의 비교와 대결을 뚜렷하게 만들기 위해 개별 설화를 활용하려 했다는 점이다. 그 결과 청나라의 기원이 되는 누루하치 가문의 신성성은 확대되고 구성원들의 인품도 높여졌다. 반면 조선의 기원이 되는 이성계 가문은 누루하치 가문에 비교해서 비범성이 떨어지고 능력도 떨어졌다. 그런데 이것은 청나라에 대한 선망에서 비롯한 것은 아니었다. 오히려 청나라와 조선의 혈통은 관련이 있다는 생각에 기반하고 있었다. 19세기 말 한반도 북부에서 채록된 설화에 담긴 인식은 청나라에 대한 재조명인 바, 청은 조선의 또 다른 혈통이기 때문에 청나라가 천하를 통일했던 경험을 조선 또한 공유해야 한다는 것임을 확인했다. 그것은 후일 금나라의 역사를 민족사의 관점에서 포섭하고 만주와 조선을 단군대황조의 후예이며 한 겨레로 보는 대동(大東)사관과 닮아 있는 것이기도 했다.