• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-153
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• 2000

The egg's interior quality is one of the most important criteria for commercial producers and consumers. Internal quality is complex, including aesthetic factors such as taste, freshness, nutritional and processing values, and the genetic influences upon these upon these factors ranges from none to considerable. The rate of cholesterol synthesis in the hen is very high compared to other animals and humans. Genetic selection, diet drugs and other chemicals can alter cholesterol concentration in the plasma of laying hen, but attempts to manipulate the cholesterol concentration in the egg yolk are generally unsuccessful since the cholesterol can only be changed to a small extent. Factors which may affect the degree of pigmentation of the yolk include the type of xanthophyll and its concentration in the feed, the feed composition, and the health of the hen. Several feed ingredients interact with carotenoid pigment to improve or reduce their deposition rates in yolks. Egg weight is determined by genetics, body size prior to first egg housing density, environmental temperature, lighting program, total feed consumption, calcium, phosphorus, niacin, water, methionine, total sulfur amino acids, energy, linoleic acid, fat and protein levels. Eggs need to be promote levels. Eggs need to be promoted a versatile commodity and new processed egg items need to be developed. Organic eggs are laid by hens which were raised in chemical and drug frdd environments. There are still difficulties in producing these eggs due to the availability of organic poultry feeds and cost of organic grains.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2014

Energy consumption unit in a building is classified according to uses of electricity, gas, and oil, and it has been studied steadily as a material for establishing policy standards for energy saving in buildings. Meanwhile, consumption unit in apartment house can be calculated differently according to its survey method and area standard. Therefore, with the necessity of reestablishing energy consumption unit, this study has researched thermal energy consumption, Supply dwelling area Exclusive dwelling area, completion year and housing type of 23,791 households of 31 complex in Daejeon. As a result, (1) there was about 20% difference between supply and exclusive dwelling areas. (2) On the basis of exclusive dwelling area, thermal energy consumption unit was calculated as $104.9kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2010, $104.6kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2011, and $107.7kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2012.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

This study aims to propose a hypothetical urban neighborhood, HanGyo-dong, which is a model for understanding the relationship between the neighborhood change and educational facilities. Three issue layers of the model derived from preceding case studies are: establishment, relocation and redevelopment of educational facilities; formation and redevelopment of adjacent residential areas; and growth of neighborhood commercial cores. The neighborhood changes observed through HanGyo-dong include (1) the formation of educational base and commercial activities along the stream, (2) the growth of student and intellectual community and the installment of public transportation nodes, and (3) the relocation of schools and hospitals followed by a series of redevelopments of single family house into multi-family housing of low-rise residence and high rise apartment complex. The findings call for the collaborative practice of educational administration and neighborhood planning regarding how educational facilities, which were the tool for urban expansion policy, will contribute to the development of the neighborhood's identity as a localized hub.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

A prototype of remodeling floor plans are proposed in this study. They are researched base on the majority floor plan type which forms 19% out of representatives 1st-Phase New Town Aged Apartment compositions. In order to examine possible scenarios of the prototypes, prototype planning model is derived from the president studies on aged apartment remodeling. The prototype plans reflect residents' preference survey and lead 6 different kinds of prototype plans regarding 3 different remodeling scenarios. Prototypes consider characteristics of multi-complex buildings and households which applicably various remodeling planning options; story-Increase remodeling, residents custom remodeling etc. The study has significance to be basic planning materials for remodeling of association and local government.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study suggested practical considerations in case of planning Small-Sized Household Units of the Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment along with selecting particular Age-Apartment Complex to plan Small-Sized Household Units. Four parts of consideration; (1) Architectural planning aspects, (2) Resident aspects, (3) Structural aspects, and (4) Facility aspects were thoroughly examined to apply in the remodeling construction period. Proposals for Small-Sized Household Units, in this study, covered two different combinations. One was the combination of six equal units, the other was the combination of eleven different types of household units which reflected resident aspects in plan organizations. Plan organization proposal could be chosen and applied to Vertical Extended units by Local Government, Remodeling Association, or Constructor based on their potential residents' aspect, such as family size, life style, age, amount to income and etc. to fulfill their satisfaction. Furthermore, this study had great significance of the adequately reflecting demand on Small-Sized Household Units in Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.473-485
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• 2024

This paper proposes a composite form of fuzzy adaptive control plan based on a robust observer. The fuzzy 2D control gains are regulated by the parameters in the LMIs. Then, control and learning performance indices with weight matrices are constructed as the cost functions, which allows the regulation of the trade-off between the two performance by setting appropriate weight matrices. The design of 2D control gains is equivalent to the LMIs-constrained multi-objective optimization problem under dual performance indices. By using this proposed smart tracking design via fuzzy nonlinear criterion, the data link can be further extended. To evaluate the performance of the controller, the proposed controller was compared with other control technologies. This ensures the execution of the control program used to track position and trajectory in the presence of great model uncertainty and external disturbances. The performance of monitoring and control is verified by quantitative analysis. The goals of this paper are towards access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, promotion of inclusive and sustainable urbanization and participation, implementation of sustainable and disaster-resilient buildings, sustainable human settlement planning and manage. Therefore, the goal is believed to achieved in the near future by the ongoing development of AI and control theory.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2014

도시의 급격한 팽창과 함께 주택부족 현상이 나타나게 되자, 정부는 주택부족 문제 해결을 위해 대규모 택지개발을 통하여 주택보급을 확대시켰다. 이러한 현상으로, 공동주택은 우리나라 전체 주택의 83% 수준을 유지하고 있고, 그 중 아파트가 차지하는 비중은 50%로 꾸준한 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 아파트의 경우 입주민들의 승용차 보유 증가에 따른 아파트 단지 내 주차공간 부족문제 등 제반 주차 관련 문제가 발생하고 있다. 특히, 주차계획대수 수립 시 교통영향평가의 주차수요예측 중 전용면적을 고려한 주차원단위 산정 방법은 기존 계획보다 세대수는 증가하여도 전용면적이 작아지면 계획주차대수는 감소하는 것으로 나타나, 보다 현실적인 주차원단위 산정이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 공공주택 아파트를 대상으로 현실에 적합한 주차원단위를 산정하고자 한다. 현장조사 및 설문조사를 실시하고, 구득자료에 대한 분석을 수행함으로써, 기존 교통영향평가의 주차원단위 산정 문제점을 도출하였다. 또한, 주차수요예측에 영향을 미치는 요인 선정을 통해 주차원단위 산정모형을 개발하였다. 마지막으로 실제 조사된 아파트 주차원단위 자료를 통해 기존 교통영향평가의 주차원단위 산정과 본 연구에서 제시한 주차원단위 산정모형을 비교 분석하였다. 향후 본 연구에서 개발된 주차원단위 산정모형은 주차장법 기준 정립은 물론 보다 현실적인 주차수요예측 수행에 적극 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1176-1187
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• 2014

도시의 인구집중 결과로 공동주택의 비중이 지속적으로 증가하는 추세에 있다. 이러한 도시화의 진전과 함께 과밀화되고 있는 공동주택단지를 대상으로 한 여러 유형의 범죄가 증가하고 있다. 공동체 의식의 소멸과 익명성의 증가 및 출입통제의 곤란은 물론 주거동의 배치계획 등에서 방범에 관한 점이 거의 고려되고 있지 않은 등의 결과로 대부분의 공동주택단지가 범죄에 대한 방어에 매우 취약한 환경에 놓여 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점에 주목하여 원천적인 범죄예방의 방안을 모색하기 위해 실제 주거단지를 대상으로 단지의 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방의 적용가능성을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 CPTED의 개념과 내용을 분석하고, 해외 선진사례를 조사하였다. 또한 현 주거단지의 방범상 문제점의 파악과 물리적 기법의 적용가능성을 분석해 보았다. 그 대상은 중소도시에 입지한 공동주거단지 중 근래 가장 수요가 많은 30평형대의 규모가 위주인 단지를 선정하였다. 건축과 도시설계의 단계에서 CPTED의 기법을 적용하는 범죄예방 환경설계 측면의 물리적 수단을 모색해보는 것은 추후 공동주택단지의 계획에 기초자료로서 의미를 가질 수 있을 것이며, 유지관리의 측면에서는 공동체의 강화가 안전한 주거환경의 지속가능성을 제고하는 기반이 된다는 점도 중요한 계획요소로 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2009

이 연구는 우리나라 대표적 주거형태인 아파트 입주민들을 대상으로 입주자들의 주거환경 만족도와 관련이 높은 건강상태 변수가 무엇인지 밝히고 어떠한 주거환경이 건강상태에 영향을 주는지 평가하고자 하였다. 주거환경에 대한 설문조사는 사회자본에 대한 국제적인 조사도구인 SC-IQ를 바탕으로 하되 Chun[2]의 아파트 주거환경 조사척도를 첨가하였다. 설문조사는 2007년 12월부터 2008년 1월까지 7주간 이루어졌으며, 조사방법은 사전조사 차원을 통해 반응도 및 수거율 등을 고려하여 2회에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 수집된 설문지는 총 276부로서 수거율은 28%였으며 이 중 6부는 변수의 결측값이 많아 제거하여 총 270부의 설문지를 대상으로 분석을 시행하였다. 주성분 분석을 통해 기존에 알려진 주거환경과 관련된 건강관련 변수들 중에 1년 전 대비 주관적 건강상태 변수가 가장 관련도가 높음을 파악했고, 요인 회전 및 요인 추출을 통해 27가지 주거환경 만족도에 대한 문항을 5가지 요인들로 구분할 수 있었다. 여기서 요인 1은 아파트 관리와 관련된 요인으로 요인 2는 아파트 개별 가구 환경과 관련된 요인으로 요인 3은 아파트 단지 환경(근린)과 관련된 요인으로 요인 4는 이웃관계와 관련된 요인으로 요인 5는 아파트 단지 시설환경과 관련된 요인이었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석의 결과를 보면, 주거환경 요인 중 이웃관계 관련 요인 및 아파트단지 시설환경 요인의 경우 만족도가 높을수록 1년 대비 주관적 건강상태가 양호 하지만, 아파트단지 환경(근린) 관련 요인은 만족도가 낮은 경우가 1년 전 대비 주관적 건강상태에 안 좋은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 근린공간 및 이와 결합되어 있는 사회적 지지 변수가 건강이 악화되는 것을 방지한다는 '완충효과' 이론을 입증하는 결과이다. 결국 이 연구는 주거환경이 건강의 악화방지에 영향을 주는 요인일 수 있음을 밝히고 기존에는 고려되지 못한 물리적이고 정서적인 주거환경과 건강과의 관련성을 제시했다는 데에 그 의의가 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2007

This study intended to provide basic data for the future naming of outdoor areas in apartment complexes by conducting research into the causes, lengths of time, trends, and characteristics of the changes of outdoor space names of apartment complexes and by analyzing current images of outdoor space names. In order to explore the causes and intervals of changes of outdoor spaces in apartment complexes, related literature was surveyed, with on-site inspections being made to examine outdoor space names by time intervals. At the site selected for this study, a case study was conducted to determine the outdoor space names and to understand the trends in the changes of these name in the apartment complexes. Moreover, a questionnaire survey incorporating selected adjectives was administered to investigate the perceived images of outdoor space names and finished construction spaces. The results are as follows: 1. Causes driving changes in apartment outdoor space names included changes in apartment complex planning concepts, changes in the values and demands of apartment buyers, social values, and changes of brand. Intervals of changes were divided into two with the 1997 IMF financial restructuring of the Korean economy as the division. 2. In regards to trends in changes of apartment outdoor space names and their characteristics, various features applied to spaces have caused many changes, which resulted in the phrase $'\bigcirc\;\bigcirc+garden'$, expressions suggesting various images, and Korean names. 3. The results of the analysis of apartment outdoor space names and finished construction images revealed that there was a difference in all the spaces. This is thought to be mainly due to such issues as paved min, the use of ready-made goods, and figurative expressions. The results of the study above indicate that changes in outdoor space names of apartment complexes have been made simply as part of marketing strategies, with no consideration of the residents. Apartments, an important means of housing in Korea, account for more than 50% of Korea's total housing, and the naming of outdoor space serves as an essential element for residents. Therefore, outdoor spaces of apartment complexes should be named in consideration of the final appearance after construction is completed, with effort by the industry being required.