• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2013

We find an explicit $C^{\infty}$-continuous path of Riemannian metrics $g_t$ on the 4-d hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^4$, for $0{\leq}t{\leq}{\varepsilon}$ for some number ${\varepsilon}$ > 0 with the following property: $g_0$ is the hyperbolic metric on $\mathbb{H}^4$, the scalar curvatures of $g_t$ are strictly decreasing in t in an open ball and $g_t$ is isometric to the hyperbolic metric in the complement of the ball.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2012

The study was conducted to examine the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and immune function of broilers. After inoculated with Bacillus subtilis BJ-1 for 48 h, the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal was decreased from 0.82 to 0.21 g/kg. A total of 600, day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates of 50 chicks each. A corn-SBM based control diet was formulated and the experimental diets included 4, 8 or 12% FCSM, replacing SBM. Throughout the experiment, broilers fed 8% FCSM had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than those fed 0, 4 and 12% FCSM. The feed intake in 8% FCSM group was superior (p<0.05) to other treatments from d 21 to 42. On d 21, the concentration of serum immunoglobin M in the 4% and 8% FCSM groups, as well as the content of complements (C3, C4) in 8% FCSM group were greater (p<0.05) than those in the SBM group. Besides, birds fed 8% FCSM had increased (p<0.05) serum immunoglobin M, immunoglobulin G and complement C4 levels on d 42 compared with bird fed control diet. No differences (p>0.05) were found between treatments regarding the serum biochemical parameters and the relative weights of immune organs. In conclusion, FCSM can be used in broiler diets at up to 12% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of SBM with FCSM may improve growth performance and immunity in broilers.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.30-50
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• 2023

Objectives : To investigate the active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms of Atractylodes Lancea(Thunb.) D.C. and Magnolia Officinalis Rehder et Wilson in the treatment of dermatitis accompanied by pruritus, as well as their potential to complement or replace standard drugs. Methods : We conducted the network pharmacological analysis. We selected effective ingredients among the active compounds of research target herbs. Then we explore pathway/terms of the common target proteins among research target herbs, fexofenadine and disease. Results : We selected 9 active compounds are selected from Atractylodes lancea and identified 231 target proteins. Among them, 74 proteins are associated with inflammatory skin diseases that cause pruritus. These proteins are involved in various pathways including, 'Nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity', 'Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity, Aromatase activity', 'RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity', 'Arachidonic acid metabolism', 'Peptide hormone processing', 'Chemokine binding' and 'Sterol biosynthetic process'. Additionally, coregenes are involved in 'IL-17 signaling pathway'. Similarly, we selected 2 active compounds from Magnolia officinalis and identified 133 target proteins. Among them, 33 proteins are related to inflammatory skin diseases that cause pruritus. These proteins are primarily involved in 'Vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation' and 'Arachidonic acid metabolism'. There is no significant difference between the pathways in which coregenes are involved. Conclusions : It is expected that Atractylodes Lancea will be able to show direct or indirect anti-pruritus and anti-inflammatory effects on skin inflammation accompanied pruritus through suppressing inflammation and protecting skin barrier. Meanwhile, it is expected that Magnolia Officinalis will only be able to show indirect anti-inflammation effects. Therefore, Atractylodes Lancea and fexofenadine are believed to complement each other, whereas Magnolia Officialinalis is expected to provide supplementary support on skin disease.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.298-308
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• 2010

패럴린 박막의 기계적 성질과 표면 특성을 개선하기 위해 Xylydene계 다이머(DPX-C, DPX-D, DPX-N)를 사용하여 각각의 다이머에 대한 증착 조건과 투입량에 따른 박막의 두께를 조절함으로써 단일 패럴린-C, D, N 박막과 두 가지 타입이 혼합된 하이브리드 타입의 화학적, 물리적 패럴린 박막을 제조하였다. 패럴린 증착은 화학기상증착법(chemical vapor deposition: CVD)을 이용하였으며, 열분석을 통해 단일 박막과 하이브리드 타입의 박막에 대한 열적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 인장 강도와 신장율 그리고 인열력 시험을 통해 박막에 대한 기계적 물성을 알아보았으며, 접촉각과 표면 에너지를 측정하여 박막에 대한 표면 특성을 관찰하였다. 두 가지 타입이 혼합된 하이브리드 타입의 화학적 패럴린 박막은 서로 다른 다이머의 장단점을 상호 보완시켜 줄 수 있으며, 물리적 패럴린 박막은 기재에 코팅되는 면과 반대 면의 박막 특성을 자유롭게 조절할 수 있다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2006

The gene coding for APG8a (At4g21980), a protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, is involved in the autophagy process. The protein is an interesting candidate for structure determination by NMR spectroscopy. Toward this end, APG8a has been produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli and typical NMR experiments such as $^{15}N-HSQC$, HNCA, HN(CO)CA, CBCA(CO)NH, HCCH-TOCSY, HNCO were performed. The backbone resonances, HN, N, CA, CB, and C' were sequence-specifically assigned, and the secondary structures including 3 $\alpha$ helices and $4\beta$ strands were deduced based on the assignments. Due to the intrinsic flexibility or the effect of the denaturant, the backbone resonances were not fully observed. Since the structure calculation by NMR data was not possible, the 3-dimensional model was built based on the sequence homology, and compared with the NMR results. The overall structure of the model could explain and complement the NMR derived secondary structures.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

목 적: 움직이는 장기에 취약한 Pencil Beam Scanning(PBS)을 보완하기 위해 고안된 Layered Rescanning PBS 기법을 Moving Phantom에 적용하여 Single Scan PBS와 선량비교를 통해 Homogeneity를 비교해 본다. 대상 및 방법: Matrix X(IBA, Belgium)와 Moving Phantom(standard imaging, USA)을 이용하였다. 가상의 tumor $10{\times}10{\times}5cm$에 AP 방향에서 200 cGy의 선량을 조사하였다. 치료계획은 single scan PBS, rescan 4, 8, 12회 총 4가지로 하였고 각 치료계획별로 3번씩 반복 측정하였다. 측정 시 Moving Phantom의 호흡주기는 한 cycle당 4초로 설정 후 S-I 방향 움직임 2 cm으로 설정하였다. 추가로 beam on time을 측정하였다. 결 과: PTV 내에서 $D_{max}$의 평균값은 single scan, 4, 8, 12회 rescan 순서로 각각 $246.47{\pm}18.8cGy$, $223.43{\pm}8.92cGy$, $222.47{\pm}7.7cGy$, $213.9{\pm}6.11cGy$ $D_{min}$의 평균값은 각각 $165.53{\pm}4.32cGy$, $173.13{\pm}11.94cGy$, $184.13{\pm}8.04cGy$, $182.67{\pm}4.38cGy$으로 $D_{mean}$ $192.77{\pm}6.98cGy$, $196.7{\pm}4.01cGy$, $198.17{\pm}4.96cGy$, $195.77{\pm}3.15cGy$으로 측정되었다. 그리고 rescan 횟수가 늘어날수록 Homogeneity Index가 1에 가까워졌으며, beam on time은 평균 2분 15초, 3분 15초, 4분 30초, 5분 37초로 rescan 횟수가 증가할수록 치료시간이 증가되었다. 측정하는 과정에서 MU가 낮은 선량 layer에서는 설정한 rescan 횟수만큼 실제로 rescan하지 못하는 문제점이 발견되었다. 결 론: 장기 움직임이 있는 종양 치료 시 Layered Rescanning PBS을 적용했을 때 single scan PBS보다 균일한 선량분포를 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 rescan 횟수가 증가할수록 균일한 선량분포를 보였다. single scan PBS와 12회 Layered rescanning 비교 시 HI 수치가 0.32 향상되었다. 추후 연구를 통하여 호흡동조 방사선치료가 불가능환자에게 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2011

To find alternative genetic resources for D-serine dehydratase (E.C. 4.3.1.18, dsdA) mediating the deamination of D-serine into pyruvate, metagenomic libraries were screened. The chromosomal dsdA gene of a wild-type Escherichia coli W3110 strain was disrupted by inserting the tetracycline resistance gene (tet), using double-crossover, for use as a screening host. The W3110 dsdA::tet strain was not able to grow in a medium containing D-serine as a sole carbon source, whereas wild-type W3110 and the complement W3110 dsdA::tet strain containing a dsdA-expression plasmid were able to grow. After introducing metagenome libraries into the screening host, a strain containing a 40-kb DNA fragment obtained from the metagenomic souce derived from a compost was selected based on its capability to grow on the agar plate containing D-serine as a sole carbon source. For identification of the genetic resource responsible for the D-serine degrading capability, transposon-${\mu}$ was randomly inserted into the 40-kb metagenome. Two strains that had lost their D-serine degrading ability were negatively selected, and the two 6-kb contigs responsible for the D-serine degrading capability were sequenced and deposited (GenBank code: HQ829474.1 and HQ829475.1). Therefore, new alternative genetic resources for D-serine dehydratase was found from the metagenomic resource, and the corresponding ORFs are discussed.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.5-25
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• 2004

Objectives : To observe changes in the serum proteins before and after intravenous injection of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture. Methods : Blood was collected before and after the administration of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture and only the serum was centrifuged. Then differences in the spots on the scanned image after running 2-Dimensionl electrophoresis were located and conducted mass analysis and protein identification. Results : Following results were obtained from the comparative analysis of serum proteins before and after the administration of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture. 1. 28 spots were identified before and after the administration. 2. In confirming manifestation degree, spots with more than two-times increase were 204, 803, 1505, 2205, 3105, 7104, 9001 spots, with more than one-time increase were 1101, 1302, 2013, 3009, 3010, 4002, 4009, 6706, 7103, 8006, 8101, and spots with decrease were 205, 801, 3205, 5202, 6105. 3. After conducting protein identification, proteins 205, 804, 1302, 4009, 6105, 6106 are unidentified yet, and 1101 is unnamed protein. Protein 204 is identified as complement receptor CR2-C3d, 801 as YAP1 protein, 803 as antitrypsin polymer, 1505 as PRO0684, 2013 and 3010 as proapolipoprotein, 2205 as USP48, 2403 as vitamin D binding protein, 3009 as complement component 4A preprotein, 3105 as immunoglobulin lambda chain, 3205 as transthyretin, 4002 as Ras-related protein Ral-A, 4204 as beta actin, 5202 and 7104 as apolipoprotein L1, 6704 as alpha 2 macroglobulin precursor, 7103 as complement component 3 precursor, 8006 as testis-specific protein Y, 8101 as Transferrin, 9001 as(Alpha-Oxy, Beta-(C112g)deoxy) T-State Human Hemoglobin, and 9003 as human hemoglobin. 4. Immune protein CR2-C3d, which acts against microbes and pathogenic organisms, and Antitrypsin(803), which is secreted with inflammatory response in the lungs, were increased by more than 200% after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 5. Immunoglobulin lambda chain(3105), Alpha-Oxy, Beta-(C112g)deoxy T-State Human Hemoglobin(9001), and human hemoglobin(9003) were increased by more than two-times after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 6. Proapolipoprotein(2013, 3010) and apolipoprotein(7104), key components of the HDL-cholesterol which plays an important role in preventing arteriosclerosis, were increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 7. Vitamin D binding protein(DBP, 2403), protecting the lung at the time of inflammatory response, was increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 8. Transthyretin(TTR, 3205), which is the main protein causing familial aimyloid polyneuropathy(FAP), was decreased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 9. Ras-related protein Ral-A(4002) that controls phospholipid metabolism, cytoskeletal formation, and membrane traffic, was increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 10. Testis-specific protein Y(8006), which takes part in determination of the gender, was increased by more than two-times after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 11. Transferrin(8101), T-State Human Hemoblobin(9001), and Human Hemoblobin(9003) which balances the iron level in the body, were increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. Conousion : Above results support the notion that intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture induce changes in serum proteins and this research can be a pioneer work in finding biomarkers.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 1996

Complementation cloning of the argC, E, B, D, F, and G genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum was done by transforming the genomic DNA library into the corresponding arginine auxotrophs fo Escherichia coli. Recombinant plasmids containing 6.7 kb and 4.8kb fragments complementing the E. coli argB mutant were also able to complement the E. coli argC, E, A, D, and F mutants, indicating the clustered organization of the arginine biosynthetic genes within the cloned DNA fragments. The insert DNA fragments in the recombinant plasmids, named pRB1 AND pRB2, were physically mapped with several restriction enzymes. By further subcloning the entire DNA fragment containing the functions and by complementation analysis, we located the arg genes in the order of ACEBDF on the restriction map. We also determined the DNA nucleotide sequence of the fragment and report here the sequence of the argB gene. When compared to that with the mutant strain, higher enzyme activity of N-acetylglutamate kinase was detected in the extract of the mutant carrying the plasmid containing the putative argB gene, indicating that the plasmid contains a functional argB gene. Deduced amino acid sequence of the argB gene shows 45%, 38%, and 25% identity to that from Bacillus strearothermophilus, Bacillus substilus, and E. coli respectively. Our long term goal is genetically engineering C. glutamicum which produces more arginine than a wild type strain does.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

목 적: 두피 악성종양의 치료에 광자선을 사용할 때 필요한 Bolus 재질들의 단점으로 인하여 3D Printer용 헬멧형 bolus가 제작되고 있다. 하지만 사용되는 재질인 PLA은 조직등가물질에 비해 높은 밀도를 가지고 있으며 환자가 착용할 경우 불편한 점들이 발생한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3D Printer를 이용한 M3 wax 헬멧을 제작하여 악성 두피종양을 치료하는 방법을 시도해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 헬멧형 M3 wax의 모델링을 위해 두부인체모형팬텀을 CT로 촬영해 DICOM file로 획득하고, 두피 위에 헬멧이 위치할 부위를 Helmet contour로 제작하였다. M3 Wax 헬멧의 제작은 paraffin wax를 녹이고, 산화마그네슘, 탄산칼슘을 섞어 용해시킨 후 PLA 3D 헬멧의 내부에 넣고 표면의 PLA 3D 헬멧을 제거하였다. 치료계획은 총 10 Portal의 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy(IMRT)로 세웠으며, 치료선량은 200 cGy로 eclipse의 Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm(AAA)를 사용하였다. 그 후 EBT3 film과 Mosfet(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor: USA)를 이용해 선량검증을 실시하였으며, CT 모의치료실과 동일한 조건으로 두부인체모형팬텀을 재현해 IMRT Plan을 측정하였다. 결 과: CT상에서 측정된 Bolus의 Hounsfield unit(HU)는 $52{\pm}37.1$으로 나타났다. M3 wax bolus 측정점 A, B, C에서 TPS의 선량은 186.6 cGy, 193.2 cGy, 190.6 cGy으로 확인되었고, Mostet으로 3회 측정한 선량은 $179.66{\pm}2.62cGy$, $184.33{\pm}1.24cGy$, $195.33{\pm}1.69cGy$, 오차율은 -3.71 %, -4.59 %, +2.48 %였다. EBT3 Film으로 측정된 선량은 $182.00{\pm}1.63cGy$, $193.66{\pm}2.05cGy$, $196{\pm}2.16cGy$이었으며, 오차율은 -2.46%, +0.23 %, +2.83 %로 확인되었다. 결 론: M3 wax bolus는 2 cm의 두께로 제작되어 뇌 부분의 선량을 보다 쉽게 낮추어 치료계획을 수립할 수 있었다. 치료선량 검증에서의 EBT3 Film과 Mosfet의 선량계의 A, B, C 측정값에서도 두피의 표면선량 최대 오차율은 5 % 이내로 측정되었으며, 일반적으로 3 % 이내로 정확하게 측정되었다. M3 wax bolus는 제작과정 기간이 3D Printer보다 빠르고 비용이 저렴하며, 재사용 가능하고, 인체조직 등가물질로서 두피 악성종양 치료에 매우 유용한 Bolus이다. 따라서 3D Printer의 대용량 Bolus, Compensator의 제작시간 및 비용이 비싼 단점을 극복하는 주조형 M3 wax bolus의 사용이 추후 확대될 것으로 사료된다.