• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2012

As the construction of multi-family housings, especially apartments, has been increased since 1970s, the multi-family housing becomes one of the main housing types in Korea. With the increase of multi-family housings, managing them becomes an important issue. Since 2010, the government has made a lowest price award system by a competitive bid compulsory to promote the development of housing management systems. Although competitive bids were implemented, the maintenance company was finally selected by the price without any other consideration. Consequently, the quality of management service was not enhanced. The purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement scheme of multi-family housing management system. In this study, the bidding data of "K-apt", the bidding method and the successful tendered price are analyzed. The results of analyzing bidding materials, the proportion of applying a lowest price system was 67.7%. Also many diverse ways to select the best management company were used, but most of these ways were violate the law and guidelines of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. It meant that the lowest price award system was not implemented by strict standards and didn't correspond with the needs of residents of apartment. This condition made the housing maintenance quality low and deteriorated the management industry development. To enhance this condition, a new standard to select the management company, which are included contents of quality of managing quality, management expenses and companies' soundness, is necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11B
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• pp.1403-1412
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• 2011

This study performed a detecting research of promising R&D field utilizing intuitive methodology regarding OLED illumination industry. For this, 69 professionals of the illumination industry in Korea were composed as a panel to hold an in-depth interview and survey for 1 month. The study classified the OLED illumination industry as 4 fields of panel, material/component for panel, manufacturing equipment, and lighting system, and selected core technology for each field, and divided it into a total of 14 possible fields for R&D. As a result of evaluating the technological competitive power for each field, the field in Korea which received the highest technological competitive power was OLED panel, and contrarily, technological competitive power of material/component for OLED panel showed the lowest, which requires improvement Meanwhile, evaluating economical aspect, conformity to policy, and effectiveness of R&D in general, 7 promising R&D fields were selected. The 4 core technologies of OLED panel, which are, white, transparent, color change and flexible OLED manufacturing technology were evaluated as the most promising fields, and next, organic material for surface light source, material/component for substrate and equipment for forming large sized substrate were evaluated as promising fields.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.209-229
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• 2012

There have been lots of studies on locational factors of companies, but, very few studies for Korean shipping companies. This study analyzes locational factors for Korean shipping companies using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. For the study model, the first level is consisted by software, hardware and city policy factors. As more specific factors, the second level is formed by three factors of the first level. The third level consists of Seoul and Busan to evaluate competitive advantage for location of shipping companies. We carried out an analytical survey focused on the executives of shipping companies and related experts, and derived the priority order for locational factors of Korean shipping companies as follow. Firstly, software factors turned out the most important factor for location of Korean shipping companies. Next, Busan has a competitive advantage only in city policy factors. However, there are much of competitive disadvantages in both software and hardware factors for location of shipping companies compared against Seoul.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

In this paper we tried to figure out the types of real money trade of game items, and in order to study it we examined the Leveling System of MMORPG which is a perfect competitive market and how the closed structure of the game economy emits real money trade. The over production of the MMORPG's leveling system which is a perfect competitive market increases the amount of currency in circulation and then induces arbitrage due to mudfalation inside the game. In order to improve this problem, there are three methods of resolutions. The first is stabling the game economy by spontaneous order among the game users, but this is much local than the artificial order which takes a long time and evokes discrepance in MMORPG competitive characteristic. Secondly, legislational regulations from the government could improve the problem, but this method doesn't grant information or services as non-material labor in which it couldn't follow up the developing speed of the game market. Finally, delicate modulation among game items by the designer isn't possible to constrain them, and there is a limited reason that it couldn't control the increase of currency which is the main factor of arbitrage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 1995

In this paper, we suggest a motion analysis method using ART-I1 competitive learning neural network and fuzzy reasoning by matching the same objects through the consecutive image sequence. we use the size and mean intensity of the region obtained from image segmentation for the region matching by the region and use a ART-I1 competitive learning neural network wh~ch has a learning ability to reflect the topology of the input patterns in order to select characteristic points to describe the shape of a region. Motion vectors for each regions are obtained by matching selected characteristic points. However, the two dimensional image, the projection of the the three dimensional real world, produces fuzziness in motion analysis due to its incompleteness by nature and the error from image segmentation used for extracting information about objects. Therefore, the belief degrees for each regions are calculated using fuzzy reasoning to l-nanipulate uncertainty in motion estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.213-231
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find a root from naturalism to contribute the identity of Korean fashion design in the world which has universality and particularity. The beauty of nature has accumulated in our unconscious-ness, influenced to our unconsciousness, and contributed to make the formative sense. Our consciousness influenced by climate, for example, the sense of softness from soft curve which can feel from the sight of Korean mountain, land the sense of comfort and security from round rock formed by weathering, the sense of thick-ness from cotton to endure cold winter etc. has a tendency to thick and act by nature's law. This tendency made naturalism by Korean climate and linked to the sense of natural-istic beauty and became a important part forming the Korean fashion design. In this study, the researcher found Korean climate is a important factor acting in our consciousness, and influenced the formative sense. The concept of climate which is made our formative sense include topography, climate, soil, plant and so on. This influenced a lot to set up a foundation of Korean fashion design. And the naturalism by Korean climate newly created and developed shape, color, material and design. It is our duty to develope design based on naturalism to secure the competitive power against the world in this period of information and this design is getting important as a high value added method put into Korean culture. Therefore, developing Korean design which shapes the beauty of Korean nature and traditional culture will have a important competitive power in the world. Moreover, it will make a new tradition of Korean fashion culture stagnated by internationally universalized western fashion after the modernization. Also, it will be needed to develop a common design which can be agreed not only us but all the world for the request of these days of international. Therefore, this study contributed to find definite ours and found centripetal point to find the direction of Korean's philosophy and ideology. But this approach, we could secure the competitive power in this period of international and information and determine and develope the Korean fashion as a culture base, leading the world.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.377-392
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• 1987

Monoclonal antibody to the Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin(ST) was produced to develop a rapid and convenient diagnostic method to the ST. The toxin was purified from culture supernatant of enterotoxigenic E. coli O148H28($ST^+/LT^+$) and conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA). The ST-BSA conjugate was used to immunize BALB/c mice and the immune spleen cells from these mice were fused with $P3{\times}63$ Ag8.V653 plasmacytoma cells. Hybridomas were screened by ELISA and positive hybridomas were cloned by limiting dilution. Finally, one stable clone (AS36) specific to ST was selected for further growth and characterization. Antibody titers of culture supernatant and ascitic fluid from BALB/c mice were 1:1,024 and 1:20,480 respectively in ELISA. The isotype and subclass of monoclonal antibody was IgG1 in sandwich ELISA. To test the neutralizing effect of monoclonal antibody on toxin activity of ST, mixture of ascitic fluid and ST was assayed by infant mouse assay and this monoclonel antibody was proved to be a neutralizing antibody. The titer of ascitic fluid which completely neutralized biological activity of 4 units of ST was 1:4. Purified ST was quantitatively measured by competitive ELISA and minimum amount of ST detectable by this assay was 250pg, which was an amount six-fold smaller than that detectable by infant mouse assay. Four reference strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli from WHO were detected by competitive ELISA and highly specific, sensitive and reproducible result was obtained.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.6B
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• pp.650-662
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• 2011

The competition among companies in converged market of broadcasting and telecommunications has become severe. Companies in this market have vertically integrated critical resources by acquiring or strategically allying with relevant companies. However, the expansion of business territory accompanies financial, organizational, and technological risks. As such, it is important to identify critical success factors that highly affect the company's competency. This study is aimed at delivering strategic implications for firms playing in the converged market of broadcasting and telecommunications by drawing the priorities of competitive resources to acquire. To do this, we selected four teen specific core resources on CPNT (content- platform - network - terminal) value chain. Then, we conducted an Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) using data from experts in this industry. As a result, the priority for acquisition of competitive resources is presented as follows: broadcasting programs, implementation of TV application store, multi-platform, investment on wireless network, and diffusion of mobile devices. In addition, the result shows that the platform-centric vertical integration is the most promising strategy for competition.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to identify the different wind speed categories and competitive level among windsurfers through GPS variables to provide the useful information on the development of training programs for enhancing windsurfers' performance. Method: Data from 69 female athletes who participated in 27 races during the 2018-2019 windsurfing season were used for the analysis. Average board speed, total race time, total distance, upwind race time, downwind race time, beam reach race time were collected through GPS. Unconfirmed data were excluded along with penalty point data. The wind conditions were classified as light, light to medium, medium, medium to heavy, and heavy wind, the competitive levels were classified as level 1, level 2, and level 3. Results: As for the average board speed, the level 1 or level 2 group showed higher board speed than the level 3 group in all wind conditions except for the light wind. The total race time and upwind race time showed less time in level 1 or level 2 group than level 3 group in all wind conditions. The total distance, downwind race time and beam reach race time showed less distance and time in level1 group than level 3 group under sufficient wind conditions. Conclusion: Our results show that the aerobic capacity to sustain pumping during upwind course in wind conditions below 15 kts effects performance. In wind conditions of 15 kts or more, indicated that the board control for the fast board speed and small distance required during up, down, beam reach courses had an effect on competition performance. This information can be provided to windsurfers and coaching as basic data for training programs to improve performance.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.307-339
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• 2019

This study investigates factors that affect the transformation of multiplex tie into one specific type of relationship - competitive relationship. In particular, this study argues that the lower technological distance or gap of technological competency, the higher the chances are for the multiplex tie to become a competitive tie. In addition, technological characteristics of the firms are also found to affect the multiplex tie's transformation into the competitive tie. To study this phenomena, this study uses both quantitative analysis and case study method. This study is an exploratory attempt to find factors relevant to change multiplex ties into competition, contributing to the literature of multiplex ties by identifying technological variables that affect the transformation of such ties. This study also contributes to practices by providing the guidance on what strategies firms should implement in complex situations such as multiplex ties.