• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2016

결혼이주를 통한 외국여성의 국내이주가 증가하면서 다양한 질병 및 출산으로 인한 의료기관 방문기회가 증가하고 있으며 의료관광 등 외국인 환자의 국내 의료기관 이용이 활발해 지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 외국인 환자의 증가에 발맞추어 여성전문병원 간호사를 대상으로 외국인 환자에 대한 인식과 돌봄 현황을 파악해 보고자 하였으며 세부적으로 임상현장에서 외국인 산모에게 돌봄을 제공하는 임상간호사의 경험을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 질적연구방법 중 서사연구 연구방법을 적용하여 다문화 환자 및 자녀를 돌본 경력이 5년 이상인 임상간호사 10명을 대상으로 심층 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 외국인 환자를 돌본 임상간호사의 경험은 돌봄제공자의 시각에 따라 자민족중심 시각, 수용적 시각, 그리고 문화중심시각으로 나누어 각 시각에 따라 제공되는 간호의 질을 파악해내었다. 특히 타문화에 대한 존중 및 환자 맞춤형 돌봄이 제공되고 있는 경우 돌봄제공자는 스스로를 치료적 돌봄제공자로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 의료현장에서는 타문화에 대한 민감성과 문화중심 돌봄의 필요성에 대한 자각과 교육이 지속적으로 강화되어질 필요가 있다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2017

Commercial applications of OPU/IVP were to produce embryos and calves from high genetic cows. The aim of this present study was to compare the number of recovered oocytes and cultured In vitro produced embryos from Ovum Pick-up (OPU). OPU derived embryo production was carried out of oocytes by ultrasonographic guided follicular aspiration and then produced in vitro produced blastocysts by IVP culture system. In result, the rate of recovered oocytes was obtained 612 (57.2%) and 451(73.7) G1+G2 grade oocytes. No difference of recovered rate (51.1~62.1%) was seen in six donor. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst development were obtained 320 (70.9%) and 78 (24.4%) that was $3.3{\pm}0.4$ cleaved embryo and $0.9{\pm}0.2$ blastocysts per session. Cleavage rate of OPU oocytes in No. 6 donor was 90.6%, significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the other donors, However, blastocysts was similar (25.8~30.0%). In conclusion, limited numbers of OPU oocytes had competent development when cultured in SOF culture medium.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1043-1051
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• 2018

The coordination of directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) is employed in this work, considering gray wolf optimizer (GWO), a recently designed optimizer that employs the hunting and leadership attitude of gray wolves for searching a global optimum. In power system protection coordination problem, the objective function to be optimized is the sum of operating time of all the main relays. The coordination of directional overcurrent relays is formulated as a linear programming problem. The proposed optimization technique aims to minimize the time dial settings (TDS) of the relays. The calculation of the Time Dial Setting (TDS) setting of the relays is the core of the coordination study. In this article two case studies of IEEE 6-bus system and IEEE 30-bus system are utilized to see the efficiency of this algorithm and the results had been compared with the other algorithms available in the reference and it was observed that the proposed scheme is quite competent for dealing with such problems. From analyzing the obtained results, it has been found that the GWO approach provides the most globally optimum solution at a faster convergence speed. GWO has achieved a lot of relaxation due to its easy implementation, modesty and robustness. MATLAB computer programming has been applied to see the effectiveness of this algorithm.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.522-525
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• 2006

최근 모바일 기기들은 3D 게임, 무선 인터넷, 동영상, DMB, GPS, PMP 등의 기능을 추가하고 있으며 이들을 제대로 지원하기 위해 디스플레이의 크기도 점차 커지고 있다. 이에 따라 프로세서에서 디스플레이 장치로의 더 빠른 전송 속도에 대한 요구도 커지고 있으나 기존의 병렬 방식의 인터페이스로는 그 한계에 이르렀다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 최근에 고속 직렬 방식의 인터페이스가 대두되고 있다. 직렬 방식의 장점은 높은 대역폭과 더불어 적은 신호선 수, 저전력 특성, 전자파 장애의 최소화라는 특징을 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 고속 직렬 방식의 물리적 계층으로 LVDS(Low-Voltage Differential Signaling)를 응용하고 링크 계층으로 패킷 방식을 사용하는 인터페이스를 구현하여 이를 디스플레이 장치에 적용한다. 구현된 직렬 인터페이스는 충분한 전송 대역폭과 함께 대폭 감소된 신호선 개수라는 특징을 갖는다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2013

항만건설 및 운영에서 해양교통시설의 설치와 운영은 해상충돌방지 및 안전에서 매우 중요한 인자이다. 그리고, 해상교통시설의 설치 및 운영은 IMO SOLAS 5장 제13조에 의하여 당국의 의무사항으로 규정되어 있다. 해양교통시설은 과거의 시각적(광학, 형상) 시설에서 AIS, DGPS 및 기타 전파표지 등을 활용한 e-Navigation의 개념으로 발전하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 해양교통시설의 자동화 흐름에도 불구하고 선박의 안전한 항해를 위한 광파표지 및 형상표지의 역할은 여전히 절대적이다. 본 연구에서는 시각표지의 운영관리 효율을 향상시키기 위한 해양교통시설 서비스수준의 결정방법으로 해상교통관련 전체 시설을 하나의 관리시스템으로 조합하고 더욱 효율적인 시스템 관리방안으로서 항로표지 운영율을 제안하였다. 해외의 서비스 수준에 대한 비교와 이론적 배경을 분석하고, 제안된 서비스수준을 인천해역에 실제 적용하여 항로의 안전성을 평가한 사례를 제시하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.1789-1804
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 기존 객체행위 설계방법에 의해 개발된 '시각적 실시간 객체모델'의 설계의미를 검증·확인하기 위한 시뮬레이션 기반 지원 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 실행 가능한 Ada 코드 생성에 의한 객체 프로세스들간의 동적이 상호작용을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있게 하며, 실제 시스템 구현에 앞서 여러 가지 논리적, 시간적 문제들을 검출할 수 있게 한다. 또한, 시뮬레이션에 의해 검증·확인된 명세서로부터 Ada 프로토타잎 코드를 직접 생성시켜 준다. 이 시스템은 Visual C++ 버전4.2로 개발되었다. 그리고, 시뮬레이션 코드로 Ada를 사용하였는데, 이것은 Ada의 병행 행위 및 시간 표현력 등의 실시간 시스템의 표현력에 있어 기존의 언어들에 비해 우수성을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이 작업은 방법론 기반 시각적 모델과 자동화 된 정형기법 기반 시뮬레이션 시스템의 연결, 그리고 자동화된 명세 검증·확인 기술의 실현이라는 점에서 기여한다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2015

Transgenic animals have been widely used for developmental biology studies, as disease models, and even in industry such as transgenic bioreactor animals. For transgenic birds, quail has the great advantages of small body size, short generation time, and frequent egg production. To date, retroviral or lentiviral transduction has been used to generate transgenic quail for various purposes. However, the efficiency of transgenic offspring production with these methods is relatively low and viral vector usage has safety issues. Unfortunately, non-viral transgenesis has not been established in quail due to a deficiency of stem cell and germ cell culture systems. In this study, we established a direct in ovo lipofection method that could be used to create transgenic quail without germline-competent cells or viruses. To optimize the injection stage during embryo development, the liposome complex (containing piggyBacCMV-GFP and transposase plasmids) was introduced into an embryonic blood vessel at 50 hr, 55 hr or 60 hr. GFP expression was detected in various tissues (heart, kidney, liver and stomach) on day 12 of incubation under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, GFP-positive cells were detected in the recipient embryonic gonads. In conclusion, the direct in ovo lipofection method with the piggyBac transposon could be an efficient and useful tool for generating transgenic quail.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.36-59
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• 1999

Fundamental advances in the biotechnologies are exerting a profound influence on the health care, agricultural, industrial chemical, environmental, and other industrial fields. Korean government are now more and more realizing the importance of biotechnology as a main technology for the 21st century. But any technical progress is largely the result of a complex set of relationships among the firms, institutions and others involved in development. So understanding the complexity is very important to make promoting strategies and it is even critical in the field of biotechnology. The reason is that commercialization of research results in biotechnology is strongly related with the national science bases provided by academic and public institutes. And its applicable industrial sectors are very diverse. So it is very important to make a effective collaboration system among many R&D related agents. This article discusses and compares both USA and Japanese framework of national innovation systems in the field of biotechnology. The American Innovation system encourages basic research in the biological sciences, and fosters the creation of small venture firms that focus on the development of novel products. America's peculiar incentive structure, derived from its research and educational system, financial system, and regulatory environment has driven USA labs and firms to the forefront of many biotechnology fields. The Japanese institutional environment in contrast, supported the strategy of building production expertise. Firms were urged to use the new techniques as a way of leapfrogging into a second generation of bio-products, in that cost and production advantages count. But the strategy was not effective as expected and Japanese firms have remained competent but not prominent rivals. The differing situations in USA and Japan with regard to biotechnology have many suggestions for our bioindustry. In the conclusion of this article, we translate USA and Japan's experiences to some suggestions which guide for promoting Korea's biotechnology R&D and commercialization activities.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2018

Objectives: From a policy perspective, the introduction of confidential information reviews is a vital task for expanding workers' right to know and improving hazardous materials information communication. In this study, rational methods for introducing and administering confidential information reviews were examined as a part of advancing chemical information communication. Methods: The domestic status, social demands, and control cases from other countries about confidential information in material safety data sheets(MSDSs) were all examined. Additionally, principles for introducing MSDS confidential information review, what needs to be revised prior to its introduction, and procedures and manners of reviewing confidential information were suggested. Results and Conclusions: When composition information on MSDS needs to be protected in the EU and Canada, confidential information should be claimed and then approved by competent authorities with a principle of reviewing confidential information prior to rescinding information from MSDS. Applying the same principle, certain information on an MSDS that needs to be protected should be reviewed and approved in Korea. As a result, the MSDS is communicated with approval numbers replacing composition information. MSDS confidential information review has five steps, including deciding whether chemicals claimed to be confidential are excluded from applying for a confidentiality exemption, the names and concentration ranges of ingredients are adequate, and the claimed information is valid in terms of confidentiality.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.404-408
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• 2008

The genome of replication-competent BERV ${\gamma}4$ provirus, which is the most abundant ERV family in the bovine genome, was characterized in detail. The BERV ${\gamma}4$ genome showed that BERV ${\gamma}4$ harbors 8576 nucleotides and has the typical 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pro-pol-env-LTR-3' retroviral organization with a long leader region positioned before the gag open reading frame. Multiple sequences analysis showed that the nucleotide difference between 5' and 3' LTRs was 4.2% (mean value 0.042) in average, suggesting that the provirus formed at most 13.3 million years ago. Gag separated by a stop codon from pro-pol in the same reading frame, while env resides in another reading frame lacking of a functional surface domain. According to the current bovine genome sequence assembly, the full-length BERV ${\gamma}4$ provirus sequences were only found in the chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 15, 23, 26, 28, X, and unassigned, although the partial sequences almost evenly distributed in the entire bovine genome. This is the first detailed study describing the genome structure of BERV ${\gamma}4$, the most abundant ERV family present in bovine genome. Combined with our recent reports on characterization of ERVs in bovine, this study will contribute to illuminate ERVs in the cattle of which no information was previously available.