• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.157-166
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• 2001

Almost all currently available retroviral vectors based on murine leukemia virus (MLV) contain one or more viral coding sequences. Because these sequences are also present in the packaging genome, it has been suggested that homologous recombination may occur between the same nucleotide sequence in the packaging genome and the vector, resulting in the production of replication competent retrovirus (RCR). Up until now, it has been difficult to completely remove viral coding sequences since some were thought to be involved in the optimum function of the retroviral vector. For example, the gag coding sequence present in almost all available retroviral vectors has been believed to be necessary for efficient viral packaging, while the pol coding sequence present in the highly efficient vector MFG has been thought to be involved in achieving the high levels of gene expression. However, we have now developed a series of retroviral vectors that are absent of any retroviral coding sequences but produce even higher levels of gene expression without compromising viral titer. In these vectors, the intron and exon sequences from heterologous cellular or viral genes are present. When compared to the well known MLV-based vectors, some of these newly developed vectors have been shown to produce significantly higher levels of gene expression for a longer period. In an experimental system that can maximize the production of RCR, our newly constructed vectors produced an absence of RCR. These vectors should prove to be safer than other currently available retroviral vectors containing one or more viral coding sequences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.995-1005
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to look into the views of marriage of gold miss' who participate in extreme sports. Two women, the participants of this study, have a specialized job and they take part in risky sports. Collecting data has been performed from December, 2012 to March, 2013 by conducting in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The interview was conducted for a couple of hours with flexibility. These were the conclusions of this study. The participation motivation in extreme sports was to cure their diseases such as arrhythmia or inflammation, and this activities caused a stress reduction, sense of competent, way to escape from melancholy daily life, happiness, and satisfaction. Also, unhappy family matter, economic independence, and sensation-seeking were found as the main factors that affect their views of marriage.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.201-220
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• 2007

This research is designed to analyze the metacognitive thinking that mathematically gifted elementary students use to solve problems, study the effects of the metacognitive function on the problem-solving process, and finally, present how to activate their metacognitive thinking. Research conclusions can be summarized as follows: First, the students went through three main pathways such as ARE, RE, and AERE, in the metacognitive thinking process. Second, different metacognitive pathways were applied, depending on the degree of problem difficulty. Third, even though students who solved the problems through the same pathway applied the same metacognitive thinking, they produced different results, depending on their capability in metacognition. Fourth, students who were well aware of metacognitive knowledge and competent in metacognitive regulation and evaluation, more effectively controlled problem-solving processes. And we gave 3 suggestions to activate their metacognitive thinking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2012

This paper reviews the implementation of the STCW 78/95 in the Philippine MET including the effects of the revised 2010 Manila Amendments. It discusses the country's maritime environment and the structures, quality of maritime education in the country and the effects on the maritime human resource. Among the various resolutions adopted at the conference, the standards of training and certifications, and promoting skills and competency will be more emphasized in this report. These will be compared with the existing curriculum mandated by CHED and upgrade STCW trainings advised by MTC for maritime institutions. A brief comparison and analysis with other Asian countries' maritime training shall be offered. The recommendation pinpoints to the weaknesses of the present maritime regimes in certification and evaluation of maritime institutions. It concludes with the need to have mutually acceptable evaluation standards in view of developing a competent human resource for the future.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

In this paper, the authors carried out the study to develop oil spill response training courses for competent responders examining IMO guidelines, response training courses of maritime development countries and Korea response. According to a result of study, fundamental training courses are to be established on the basis of IMO guideline, and also to prepare pre-arranged brief course like Basics of Spill Response for beginner. The courses should be step-by-step related with mutual continuous contents, and more times are given to on-site training for basic course and to classroom lecture with desk-top exercise for advanced course. Besides, SCAT shall be added to shoreline cleanup course, finally it is advisable that total 9 types of courses are established with additional refresh course.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2020

The study aims to explore the problems of the existing Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) and its concerned authorities in the context of Bangladesh. Thus, according to responses from 17 respondents, this study outlines that Bangladesh has an absence of a shortage of experts, experienced, knowledgeable, and qualified Shariah people at all levels (i.e., the central bank, Islamic banks, Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs), and regulators). Therefore, Bangladesh does not have a separate Islamic banking act, Shariah audit firm, Shariah index institutions, and comprehensive SGF. The existing guideline has a limitation concerning its comprehensiveness, accountability, responsibility, and structure of SSBs. Islamic banks do not follow the instruction of the central bank in the formation of SSBs. As a result, there is an absence of competent and qualified SSB, which also results in the functions of Shariah departments as well as Shariah applications. Usually, the Board of Directors (BOD), management, executives, customers, and the public also have the conceptual gap about Islamic banks, SGF, and banking system compared to the regular prayers, faith, and belief. Concisely, Bangladesh requisites a comprehensive SGF, Islamic banking act, a standard accounting system, and a robust Shariah audit system for the overall development of Islamic banks and SGF.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the satisfaction and needs from the student's point of view to improve the quality of university liberal arts curriculum in preparation for the 4th Industrial Revolution. The data of 333 students at K University located in Chungcheongnam-do were analyzed for satisfaction by factors using the CIPP model and the needs by IPA. As a result of the study, first, the student's satisfaction with CIPP was 3.38 on average and in the order of Process(3.49)> Input(3.40)> Product(3.34)> Context(3.30). Second, the priority of needs was 1) the needs of the social change and the students, 2) competent faculty and a suitable environment, 3) novel contents. Third, the factors affecting the overall satisfaction were the novel educational contents, operating methods and reflecting needs, and the factors affecting the intention of recommendation were student growth and career, core competencies and educational goals and organization. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the organization and operation policy of the liberal arts curriculum reflecting the voices of students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

Problem-based learning (PBL) appears to be a superior and effective strategy to train competent and skilled practitioners and to promote long-term retention of knowledge and skills acquired during the learning experience. This study concerns the implementation of PBL in the online environment and face-to-face PBL. An online environment allows participants to communicate with one another, view presentations or videos, interact with other participants, and engage with resources in work groups. Nowadays, education is accessible everywhere with the use of digital devices. Educational institutions subscribe to GSuite for Education, and Google introduced its Google Classroom as an e-learning platform. This study aims to analyze Google Classroom and to design PBL for Mongolian students taking Korean courses. The main objective of this paper is to identify the usability and evaluation of Google Classroom. The result of this study will be a proposed e-learning platform for Dornod University, Mongolia, which is initially needed in the Natural Science and Business Department.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-297
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• 1998

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, or the lack of function of the testis or ovary secondary to the lack of pituitary and or hypothalamic trophic hormones, is also sometimes generally termed Kallmann's syndrome. Whether such deficiencies arise from an inborn error of hypothalamic organization and pituitary connection or damage to the hypothalamic pituitary system in prepubertal life, the manifestations of a eunuchoid or apubertal individual with potentially competent pituitary and gonadal function will result. Beyond the achievement of puberty, a similar situation can be recreated by the administration of a long-acting GnRH analog or by conditions of secondary hypothalamic dysfunction such as anorexia nervosa where shutdown of GnRH and its resultant effects cause cessation of gonadal function and even a regression of secondary sexual characteristics. Technically, these conditions are not Kallmann's syndrome but one must recognize the similarities. We have experienced a case of isolated gonadotropin deficiency which showed a negative KALIG-1 gene in infertile patient with primary amenorrhea. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

The hot pursuit of a foreign ship may be undertaken when the competent authorities of the coastal State have good reason to believe that the ship has vi-olated the laws and regulations of that State. Such pursuit must be commenced when the foreign ship or one of its boats is within the internal waters, the archi-pelagic waters, the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the pursuing State, and may only be continued outside the territorial sea or the contiguous zone if the pursuit has not been interrupted. It is not necessary that, at the time when the foreign ship within the territorial sea or the contiguous zone recevies the order to stop, the ship giving the order should likewise be within the territorial sea or the contiguous zone. If the foreign ship is within a contiguous zone, as defined in article 33, the pursuit may only be undertaken if there has been a vio-lation of the rights for the protection of which the zone was established. The right of hot pursuit shall apply mutatis mutandis to violations in the ex-clusive economic zone or on the continental shelf, including safety zones around continental shelf installations, of the laws and regulations of the coastal State applicable in accordance with this Convention to the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf, including such safety zones.