• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.74-95
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• 2021

Background: A job-exposure matrix (JEM) is an important surrogate indicator to evaluate past exposure levels. Although a Korean asbestos JEM has been constructed previously, this JEM includes only a few industrial and occupational groups. This study aimed to reconstruct the JEM by integrating the latest organized data to improve its utility. Methods: We used recent Korean standard industry and occupation codes and extracted 36 articles from a systematic literature review to initiate the reconstruction of the previous Korean asbestos JEM. The resulting data consisted of 141 combinations of industrial and occupational groups. Data from the Netherlands's JEM were also reviewed and categorized into 70 industrial and 117 occupational groups by matching with the Korean data. We also utilized Germany's data, which consisted of 10 industrial and 14 occupational groups. Results: The reconstructed Korean asbestos JEM had 141 combinations of industries and occupations. The time periods are from the 1980s to the 2000s in 10-year intervals. Most of the data were distributed between the 1990s and the 2000s. Occupations with high exposure to asbestos included knitting and weaving machine operators, automobile mechanics or assemblers, ship mechanics or assemblers, mineral ore and stone products processing mechanics, and metal casting machine operators or mold makers. Conclusions: The reconstructed Korean asbestos JEM has expanded the type and duration of the occupational groups of the previous JEM and can serve as an important reference tool for evaluating asbestos exposure and designing compensation and prevention policies in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Purpose: The study was done to compare the status of dispatch of public officials in charge of health care in response to COVID-19 according to location of primary health care posts and the practitioners' knowledge, attitude and support related to COVID-19. Methods: Among the 193 practitioners surveyed, 175 people in Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do were selected for final analysis according to work status and differences in knowledge, attitude and support. Data were analyzed using χ2 and one-way ANOVA, followed by a Scheffé-test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference by region in the number of days and places for dispatch teams to respond to COVID-19. In particular, in the case of support, the overall score was low, but Gyeongsang-do, which had the longest number of dispatch days due the occurrence of a large-scale confirmation of patients, showed higher support compared to other regions. Knowledge of COVID-19 was high, but there were no regional differences. Conclusion: Regarding performance of COVID-19 response tasks, the support level was low, indicating that psychological support and appropriate compensation from the local government are required. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a system for the provision of alternative services to prevent a work gap in health clinics.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 2022

Approximate Computing is a promising method for designing hardware-efficient computing systems. Approximate multiplication is one of key operations used in approximate computing methods for high performance and low power computing. An approximate 4-2 compressor can implement hardware-efficient circuits for approximate multiplication. In this paper, we propose an approximate multiplier with low area and low power characteristics. The proposed approximate multiplier architecture is segmented into three portions; an exact region, an approximate region, and a constant correction region. Partial product reduction in the approximation region are simplified using a new 4:2 approximate compressor, and the error due to approximation is compensated using a simple error correction scheme. Constant correction region uses a constant calculated with probabilistic analysis for reducing error. Experimental results of 8×8 multiplier show that the proposed design requires less area, and consumes less power than conventional 4-2 compressor-based approximate multiplier.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2021

Portable systems with built-in active noise control is required low power operation. Excessive anti noise search operation can lead to rapid battery consumption. A method that can adaptively cancel noise according to the operating conditions of the system is required and the methods of reducing power are becoming very important key feature in today's portable systems. In this paper, we propose the method of active noise control(ANC) using binary search algorithm in noisy systems. The implemented architecture detects a frequency component considered as noise from the input signal and by using the binary search algorithm, the system find out an appropriate amplitude value for anti-noise in a much faster time than the general linear search algorithm. Through the experimental results, it was confirmed that the proposed algorithm performs a successful functional operation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2022

Background; In the event of an industrial accident, the appropriate choice of hospital is important for worker health and prognosis. This study investigates whether the choice of hospital by the employer in the case of industrial accidents affects the prognosis of injured employees. Methods; Data from the 2018 Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance in Korea were used in an unmatched case-controlled study. The exposure variable is "hospital selection by an employer," and the outcome variable is 'worker's disability." Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by modified Poisson regression and adjusted for age, gender, underlying disease, injury severity, and workplace size and stratified by industrial classification. The group at increased risk was analyzed and stratified by age, gender, and area. Results; In the construction industry, hospital selection by the employer was significantly associated with increased risk of disability (adjusted OR 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.20-1.32) and severe disability (adjusted OR 1.38; 95% CI; 1.08-1.76) among the injured. Female and younger workers not living in the Seoul capital area were more at risk of disability and severe disability than those living in the Seoul capital area. Conclusions; Hospital selection by employers affects the prognosis of workers injured in an industrial accident. For protecting workers' health and safety, workplace emergency medical systems should be improved, and the selection of appropriate hospitals to supply treatment should be reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.441-457
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of self-leadership on self-efficacy and customer orientation and to verify whether there is a mediating effect of self-efficy on the relationship between self-leadership and customer orientation. Methods: To verify these research problems, the subjects of this study were a total of 300 Korean cabin crew members working for domestic and foreign airlines who received distributed questionnaires and 247 copies wee analysed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: First, it can be seen that the self-leadership of airline cabin crew has a significant positive (+) effect on self-efficacy, indicating that self-leadership has a positive effect on the self-efficacy of the members of the organization. Second, it was found that self-efficacy had a positive (+) effect on the customer orientation of airline cabin crew, and it was analyzed that self-efficacy played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-leadership and customer orientation. Third, it was found that self-leadership had a positive (+) effect on customer orientation, and it was proved that behavior-oriented strategy, constructive accident pattern, and natural compensation strategy, which are three sub-factors of self-leadership of cabin crew, have an influence on customer orientation. Conclusion: based on these findings, the theoretical and practical implications of this study and directions for future research were presented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.391-406
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide foundational knowledge on nursing tasks performed on patients with COVID-19 in a nationally-designated inpatient treatment unit. Methods: This study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative method investigated the content and frequency of nursing tasks for 460 patients (age ≥ 18 y, 57.4% men) from January 20, 2020, to September 30, 2021, by analyzing hospital information system records. Qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews. The study involved interviews with three focus groups comprising 18 nurses overall to assess their experiences and perspectives on nursing care during the pandemic from February 3, 2022, to February 15, 2022. The data were examined with thematic analysis. Results: Overall, 49 different areas of nursing tasks (n = 130,687) were identified based on the Korean Patient Classification System for nurses during the study period. Among the performed tasks, monitoring of oxygen saturation and measuring of vital signs were considered high-priority. From the focus group interview, three main themes and eleven sub-themes were generated. The three main themes are "Experiencing eventfulness in isolated settings," "All-around player," and "Reflections for solutions." Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to ensure adequate staffing levels, compensation, and educational support for nurses. The study further propose improving guidelines for emerging infectious diseases and patient classification systems to improve the overall quality of patient care.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to understand how changes in income due to the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the health behavior and mental health status of self-employed individuals. Methods: We compared the health behavior and mental health status of regular wage workers and self-employed individuals with no change in income, with that of self-employed individuals with reduced income due to the spread of COVID-19. Results: Smoking status, average amount of smoking per day, changes in the amount of smoking and drinking due to COVID-19, drinking frequency per year, monthly binge drinking experiences, subjective stress, and suicidal thoughts experienced by self-employed individuals with decreased income were not only higher than those of wage workers and self-employed individuals with maintained income, but their happiness index was also lower than the latter group. Conclusion: This study suggests that the change in total household income due to COVID-19 adversely affects the health behavior and mental health status of self-employed individuals. However, COVID-19-related policies focus only on economic loss compensation, and the health behavior and mental health management for self-employed individuals is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to establish policies for health behavior and mental health management of self-employed individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

For the design of the shortened ED(Expansion Deflection) nozzle, a numerical study of ED nozzle was performed according to the length reduction methods. The first method is to reduce the extension length of the ED nozzle with 80% bell nozzle length by 10%, 20% and 30%. The second method is to shorten the extension length by increasing the nozzle throat angle. Due to the increase in the curvature of the contour as the length shortened, the decrease in the nozzle exit velocity between the ED nozzle with 80% bell nozzle length and the ED nozzle in the first method was reduced, and the thrust become similar. The ED nozzle of the second method increased the thrust by increasing the nozzle exit velocity compared to the ED nozzle with 80% bell nozzle length.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of workers at dementia care centers, and the correlations between these factors. Methods : A survey of 131 dementia care center employees was conducted. This comprised 48 questions covering respondent characteristics, organizational satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Results : Employees with no intention to change jobs had significantly higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment than those with job change intentions. Turnover intention was significantly correlated with both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The higher the organizational commitment and the lower the turnover intention, the higher the job satisfaction. The higher the job satisfaction and the lower the turnover intention, the higher the organizational commitment. Analysis of the sub-components of the main variables found The lower the work environment, compensation, and sense of belonging to the organization, the higher the turnover intention. Conclusion : Regular educational programs are needed to improve the expertise of workers at the dementia care center, and opportunities for employees to communicate their needs should be maximized. In addition, higher salaries will attract more able and willing employees, reduce turnover, and provide and a sense of of belonging to the organization. Attention to the proper distribution of work and recruitment of appropriate human resources will further improve the working environment. If the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of workers at the dementia care center are increased and the number of employees intending to change jobs is reduced, the length of employee service will increase and contribute to improved care and service quality for dementia patients.