• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objectives: This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol(LU7), Yogu(LR5) and Yolgyol+Yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism, atherogenic index, HTR(HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio) and liver function in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LU7(LU7 group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LR5(LR5 group), LLLAT at LU7 and LR5(LU7+LR5 group). Animals was treated by the LLLAT at 30mW-5min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results: Body weight was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food intake was increased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipids were decreased significantly in LR5, LU7+LR5 group, triglyceride and fee fatty acid were decreased significantly in LU7 group when compared with control group. Atherogenic index was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. HTR was increased significantly in LU7 group when compared with conool group. In the liver function, the significance was not showed in AST and ALT, ALP was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Conclusions: LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 maybe can manage hyperlipidemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.181-189
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• 2005

To know the proper impact posture and changes for the various clubs, changes of impact variables according to the change of golf club length was investigated. Swing motions of three male low handicappers including a professional were taken using two high-speed video cameras. Four clubs iron 7, iron 5, iron 3 and driver (wood 1) were selected for this experiment. Three dimensional motion analysis techniques were used to get the kinematical variables. Mathcad and Kwon3D motion analysis program were used to analyze the position, distance and angle data in three dimensions. Major findings of this study were as follows. 1. Lateral position of the head remained more right side of the target up to 3.5cm compared to the setup as the length of the club increased. 2. Left shoulder raised up to 5cm and right shoulder lowered up to 2.5cm compared to setup. The shoulder line opened slightly (maximum 11 degrees) to the target line. 3. Forward lean angle of the trunk decreased up to 4 degrees (more erected) compared to setup. 4. Side lean angle of the trunk increased compared to setup and increased up to 16 degrees as the club length increased. 5. The pelvis moved to the target line direction horizontally and opened up to 31 degrees. Right hip moves laterally to the grip position at the setup. 6. Flexion of the left leg maintained almost constantly but the right leg flexed up to 11 degrees compared to setup. 7. Left arm is straightened but the right arm flexed about 20degrees compared to straight. 8. Center of the shoulders were in front of the knees and toes of the feet. 9. Hands moved to the left (8.7cm), forward (5.7cm) and upward (11.6cm) compared to the setup. This is because of the rotation of pelvis and shoulders. 10. Shaft angle to the ground was smaller than the lie angle of the clubs but it increased close to the lie of the clubs at impact.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the change of circumference, volume and strength of normal and operated lower extremities on 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days of postoperation following THRA compared with their condition on preoperation day. Subjects consisted of 13 male and 7 female Patients operated with THRA between the age of 20 and 69 years with a mean age of 38.55(SD=15.1). Circumference of upper and lower leg was measured by tape, leg volume was determined according to formula (Moor & Thornton, 1987) with measurement of 8 circumferences of leg. Leg strength was measured by pressing the center of digital health meter in supine position. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Circumference of operated thigh decreased significantly at 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal thigh decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 after THRA compared with preoperative value. 2. Circumference of midcalf in both operated and normal limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. 3. Leg volume of operated lower limb decreased significantly at 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal limb decreased significantly at day 7 & 10 after THRA compared with preoperative value.4. Leg strength of operated limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. No significant difference of normal leg strength was shown following THRA. 5. Circumference of midcalf differed significantly at day 14 after THRA between normal and operated extremity. From these results, it can be suggested that a decreased activity after THRA caused muscle atrophies in normal and operated extremity.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the health promotion program to increase the functional status of the in-house stroke patients. The subjects for the experiment are 38 in-house stroke patients in a health center and welfare centers suffering from hemiplegia. The experimental group consists of 19 stroke patients and the control group consists of another 19 stroke patients. The program was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks. The subjects were given health education at the first week. At the second and the fifth week they were given counselling on health by home visit. At the third, the fourth, the sixth and the seventh week they were interviewed by phone about health, and at the last week they shared their experiences through group meeting. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The degree of ADL in the experimental group increased significantly, compared with that of the control group. 2. In the experimental group the degree of Range of Motion in shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly, compared with that of the control group. 3. In the experimental group the degree of muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly, compared with that of the control group. 4. Systolic pressure, diastolic pressure in the experimental group decreased significantly, compared with that the control group. 5. HWR in the experimental group didn't decreased significantly, compared with that the control group. 6. The degree of depression in the experimental group decreased significantly, compared with that the control group. 7. The degree of social adaptation in the experimental group increased significantly, compared with that the control group. The results above show that the health promotion program for this study was effective in promoting the performance of lifestyle for health improvement of the in-house stroke patients. Therefore, it is considered that the program can be used as an efficient nursing intervention for the in-house stroke patients who need continuous health-improving behaviors.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gwaluzisiltang and Gwaluzisiltanggami on the intravascular coagulation. The experimental group divided two groups : one group was the intravascular coagulation induced by endotoxin in rats, another group was the formation of paw edema by contusion in rats, and then these rats were treated with liquid extract of Gwaluzisiltang(Sample I) and Gwaluzisiltanggami(Sample II), which were administered orally. Then the numbers of platelets, concentration of fibrinogen, Prothrombin time and FDP(fibrin-fibrinogen degradation Products)were measured. The results were as follows : 1. The effects of the Intravascular coagulation 1) Platelet was increased significantly in the sample I compared with control group. 2) Fibrinogen was increased significantly in the sample I compared with control group. 3) Prothrombin time was shortened significantly in the sample I and more shortened in the sample II compared with control group. 4) FDP was decreased significantly in the sample I and more decreased in the samplem II compared with control group. 2. The effect of the formation of paw edema by contusion in rats. 1) The rate of paw edem was decreased significantly after five hours in the sample I 2) Platelet was increased significantly in the sample I compared with control group. 3) Fibrinogen was decreased in the sample I and sample II compared with control group, but it is not significant 4) Prothrombin time was shortened significantly in the sample II compared with control group. According to the above results, it is considered that the Gwaluzisiltang and Gwaluzisiltanggami seem to be applicable disease related to thrombosis, because they obtained significant effects on the experimental method which are based on the oriental medical theory-the principle of phlegm and blood stasis have the same source and disease (痰瘀同源, 痰瘀同病).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the protective effect of Kamicheungkantang(KCKT) on hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$, the study was done. The blood chemistry and histological study were done following oral administration with materials. The results were obtained as follows. 1. KCKT extracts didn't show cytotoxicity against BALB/C mouse lung fibroblast cell. 2. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was significantly decreased in KCKT treated group as compared with control group. 3. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in KCKT treated group as compared with control group. 4. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was significantly decreased in KCKT treated group as compared with control group. 5. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH> was insignificantly decreased in KCKT but insignificantly as compared with control group. 6. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum cholestorol was significantly decreased in KCKT treated group as compared with control group. 7. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum triglyceride was insignificantly decreased in KCKT treated groups as compared with data of control. 8. In the hepatotoxicity with $CCl_4$, serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ${\gamma}$-GTP were not changed in KCKT treated groups as compared with data of control. 9. In histopathological changes, fatty changes, vacuole, nucleotic changes and fibrosis were observed in control group and degree of changes was increased over time. Whereas no differences were observed in KCKT treated group These results suggested that KCKT extracts might be usefully applied for treatment of hapatic disease and also it was necessary to do more studies about its mechanisms.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-130
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture on Diabetes Mellitus induced by streptozotocin in rat. Body weight, serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, free cholesterol and total protein were measured in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat injected with Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture solution at Pisu(BL20) respectively for 30 days. In order to study the effects of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture at Pisu(BL20) on Diabetes Mellitus induced by Streptozotocin in rat, The groups were divided into five groups; Normal group(non treated group), N.-Saline group(administration of injection with normal saline at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection), Control group(non treated group after streptozotocin injection), H. Acup. group (administration of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection), and Acup. group (administration of acupuncture at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. As compared with Control group, there wae no significant tendency to diminish the rate of weight loss in H. - Acup. group. 2. As compared with Control group, there wae signiticant increase of serum insulin level in H. -Acup. group. 3. As compared with Control group, there was decrease of glucose level in H.- Acup. group. 4. As compared with Control group, there was decrease of triglyceride level in H. - Acup. group. 5. As compared with Control group, trere wae increase of HDL cholesterol level in H. - Acup. group. 6. As compared with Control group, there was significant increase of free cholesterol level in H. - Acup. group. 7. As compared with Control group, there was Increase of total protein level in H. - Acup. group. According to above mentioned results, Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture was expected to be effective in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.611-623
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate a reducing alcohol intervention program for workers. Method: The intervention program employed one-group pretest-post-test design with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The program was developed from literature review based on the Transtheoretical Model, and evaluated from April 6 to June 22, 2006. Sixteen white collar male workers participated. At the beginning, the subjects were at the pre-contemplation stage (50%) and contemplation stage (50%). The intervention was applied personally or in group twice a week for 9 weeks. Results: The scores of each stage of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The scores of process (cognitive and behavioral) of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The score of self-efficacy of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The score of pros-cons for drinking in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The consumption of alcohol a week and a day in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The levels in ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, B.P. and BMI in the post-test did not decrease significantly compared with those in the pretest, but the level of FBS decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. Conclusion: The above result informs us that a stage-based reducing alcohol intervention program for workers has the effect of increasing the stages of change, the process of change (cognitive and behavioral) and self-efficacy, and decreasing pros-cons for drinking alcohol consumption and FBS, and it also has a value as an effective means of nursing for workers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of taurine supplementation and taurine depletion on blood glucose and blood lipid concentrations in insulin-treated diabetic rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the purified diet for 3 weeks ; nontaurine-supplemented diabetic rats(E0), nontaurine-supplemented diabetic rats with insulin treatment(E0＋I), 1% taurine-supplemented diabetic rats with insulin treatment(E1＋I) and taurine-depleted diabetic rats with insulin treatment(EA＋I). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection(50mg/kg B.W.). Isophane insulin was given subcutaneously into the abdominal wall of the diabetic rats(4 unit/rat/day). E1＋I were supplemented with 1% taurine in drinking water. To induce taurine depletion, EA＋I were treated with 5% $\beta$-alanine in drinking water. E1＋I had significantly higher body weight compared to that of E0. The food intakes of E1＋I and E0＋I were significantly decreased compared to that of E0. There was no sigfniciant difference in food intake between E1＋I and E0＋I. The water intake of rats was significantly different among the groups ; E0>E0＋I>E1＋I>EA＋I. The urine volume of E0 was significantly increased compared to those of insulin-treated goups. The blood glucose concentration of E0 was significantly increased compared to those of insulin-treated groups. In the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), E0＋I and E1＋I had significantly lower blood blucose concentrations compared to E0 after 30 min. Also EA＋I had significantly lower bloodglucose concentrtion compared to E0 and E0＋I. The plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentratons of EA＋I were significantly incrased compared to those of other groups. Therefore, it may be suggested that tuarine supplementation is useful for insulin-dependent diabetes in order to prevent diabetic complications suchas cardiac vascular diseases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 2019

Objective : To investigate the effect of sihogayonggolmoryeotang (SY) on Single Prolonged Stress(SPS)-induced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD). Method : To confirm the effects of SY on SPS-induced PTSD, Changes in body weight, sucrose intake open field test(OFT) and forced swimming test(FST)were observed. After behavioral tests, the plasma corticosterone(CORT) from the abdominal aorta, serotonin(5-HT) from prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(DA) from hippocampus was measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) in hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Result : Weight change and sucrose intakes of rats in 14th day after the administration of SY were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared to the SPS group (p<0.05). Numbers of crossing in the central zone in the OFT were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group (p<0.05) compared with the SPS group. The immobility time of FST was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with SPS group (p<0.05). The change of plasma CORT concentration was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with that in SPS group (p<0.05). The change of 5-HT concentration was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group at hippocampus and amygdala compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The concentration of DA was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The expression of BDNF and CREB were significantly increased in SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). Conclusion : SY administration lowered the increase of CORT caused by PTSD and increases the 5-HT concentration and reversed the decreased expression of NE and DA and BDNF and CREB by PTSD. It is postulated that SY is effective in treating PTSD by restoring cognitive function, memory impairment, unstable emotional disturbances.