• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the Starbucks in South Korea with Starbucks in U.S.A through the semantic network analysis of big data by collecting online data with SCTM(Smart Crawling & Text Mining) program which was developed by big data research institute at Kyungsung University, a data collecting and processing program. The data collection period was from January 1st 2014 to December 7th 2017, and packaged Netdraw along with UCINET 6.0 were utilized for data analysis and visualization. After performing CONCOR(convergence of iterated correlation) analysis and centrality analysis, this study illustrated the current characteristics of Starbucks for Korea and U.S.A reflected by the social network and the differences between Korea and U.S.A. Since the Starbucks was greatly developed, especially in Korea. this study also was supposed to provide significant and social-network oriented suggestions for Starbucks USA, Starbucks Korea and also the whole coffee industry. Also this study revealed that big data analytics can generate new insights into variables that have been extensively studied in existing hospitality literature. In addition, implications for theory and practice as well as directions for future research are discussed.

• 복식
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Recently population of figure skating is growing fast, so that the needs for girls figure skating wear of better quality and better fit is growing too. As the characteristics of figure skating require both strong stretching and grace movements, the skating wears should be designed to have sufficient extensibility and impressive effects through body movements. In order that the figure skating wear should be fit well by using right sizing systems. The purpose of this study is to find out how the figure skating wear specialists are using their sizing system. There were two separate comparative studies in this article. One is to compare girls' sizing system between countries such as USA, UK, Japan and Korea. This is to look into the characteristics of girls body measurements than adults or other ages. The other is to compare sizing systems of 88 figure skating wear specialists from 8 countries. As a results, it is suggested that there should be a practical sizing systems for figure skating wear, which uses common size code, measurements definition and size interval.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.637-641
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• 2018

To compare of body composition and backmusclestrength between physical activity group (PAG) and non-physical activity group (Non-PAG). From Jun 14 to July 13 2018, 66 students were divided into PAG (male 20, female 13) and Non-PAG (male 18, female 15) from questionnaires for general characteristics and activity. All participants were measured body composition (Inbody 720, Biospace, Korea) and backmusclestrength (T.K.K. 5402, TAKEI, Japan) after obtaining written informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed by independent t-test and cross-sectional test using SPSS ver. 19.0 (USA). Sex and body mass index were not significant difference between two groups. Exercise was significant difference between PAG and Non-PAG(100% vs. 45.5%, p<0.001), especially running and push-up, sit-up(p<0.001). Body composition was no significant difference between PAG and Non-PAG (p>0.05). Backmusclestrength was significantly higher in PAG than that in N on-PAG (p<0.01). It is suggested that exercise affects to Backmusclestrength.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

The components of Magnolia officinalis have well known to act anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities. These efficacies have been sold many products as nutritional supplement extracted from bark of Magnolia officinalis. Thus, to assess and compare neuroprotective effect in the nutritional supplement (Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$, Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA) and our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea), we investigated memorial improving and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of extract products of Magnolia officinalis in a transgenic AD mice model. Oral pretreatment of two extract products of Magnolia officinalis (10 mg/kg/day in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months ameliorated memorial dysfunction and prevented $A{\beta}$ accumulation in the brain of Tg2576 mice. In addition, extract products of Magnolia officinalis also decreased expression of ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its product, C99. Although both two extract products of Magnolia officinalis could show preventive effect of memorial dysfunction and $A{\beta}$ accumulation, our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea) could be more effective than Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$ (Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA). Therefore, our results showed that extract products of Magnolia officinalis were effective for prevention and treatment of AD through memorial improving and anti-amyloidogenic effects via down-regulating ${\beta}$-secretase activity, and neuroprotective efficacy of Magnolia extracts could be differed by cultivating area and manufacturing methods.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.453-463
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• 2014

Environmental education contents in science textbooks of South Korea and the United States were compared and analyzed in order to find how to develop environmental education in elementary science education. McGraw-Hill science textbooks for third to sixth grade and science textbooks of Korea based on the 2009 Revised National Curriculum and the 2007 Revised National Curriculum were analyzed and compared. The categories were educational goals, kinds of contents, distributions of contents and tense. The result showed that the environmental education goals in science textbook of Korea and United States were biased to knowledge area. The educational contents of the United States was higher 2.5 times then Korea and distributed in all areas. In quantitative distributions in Korea were biased some special areas. Tense of educational contents were almost present. Attitudes and recognition of students varies gradually over a long period of time, the contents of environmental education will be useful "evenly distributed" for all areas and school year.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.301-322
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• 1996

This study is first aimed at identifying the possibility of labour saving and production cost decreasing in rice production with respect to seed broad casting technology. Comparison of labour inputs and production costs of rice in-between USA and Korea and recommendation of policy guidelines for the continous rice cultivation are the second objective of this study. Under the WTO system, rice enterprice is the most vulnerable crop in the sense of labour productivity and price competitiveness in the international market. How to adapt labour saving technology and how to decrease production costs are the most imminent problems to be solved in rice production. To achieve the objectives, survey on nine rice enterprice farms were made in Daeho tidal farmland with respect to the size of farm, labour inputs, productivity, farm mechanization and farm land base development. The existing data on labour saving technology by seed broadcasting which had surveyed by Rural Development Administration were collected to compare the surveyed data from Daeho tidal farm land The study results and policy recommendation are summarized as follows; 1. Labour requirements per 10a for rice enterprise farms with seed broadcasting and with transplanting were estimated 11.4 and 18.5hours respectively. 'This above labour inputs were equivalent to 1/3-1/5 of the national average labour inputs of 53.6 hours which were included transplanting and harvesting by machinery. Considering the labour requirement of 1.7 hours per 10a for the USA rice production, Korea rice culture has possibility to decrease labour demand upto USA level of labour inputs. 2. Production cost of rice in Korea were estimated US$4,181 per ha which were higher than that of USA by 3.00 times and production costs per ton were shown as US$313 for USA rice and US$1,018 for Korean rice. 3. Land productivity of rice per 10a in America was reached to 4,325kg and the counterpart of Korea was about 4,181kg in recent year. In the sense of land productivity, both yields of rice were comparable. 4. The price of japonica type rice similar to Korean traditional rice in international market in 1994 was f.o.b US$466 per ton which was equivalent to import parity price of US$830 per ton in domestic market. The price of rice purchased by Korean G't and received by farmers were amounted to US$ 2,013 and US$ 1,663 respectively in the same year. Domestic prices mentioned above were higher than the import parity price as US$830 by 2.0-2.4 times. 5. American rice production competitive to Korean rice was equivalent to 17,012 thousand tons, 1.28% of the world production of rice in 1991 and consumption of rice in America was amounted to 2,633 thousand tons. Exportable quantity of USA rice were estimated as 4,379 thousand tons of which 52.3%, 2,300 thousand tons, were exported indeed in the same year. 6. The quantity of Korean rice produced in 1991 was estimated 1.00% of the world production. The world amount of rice exported in 1991 was reached to 2.45% of the world production of which 34.2% was occupied by USA The remaining quantities of world exported rice were dominated by Tiland, Pakistan and Vietnam where produced indica variety. 7. Under the given technology, labour inputs per 10a for rice production could be possible to save by 70% of the national average labour requirement of 53.6 hours through implmenting complete farm mechanization with land consolidation and on-farm development and improvement of fanning practices like seedbroad casting txchnology etc. On the other hand, prduction costs of rice could be decreased by 10% rather than 49% as target indicated in the Rural Development Counter Measures of Korean Government in 1994 owing to increasing farm mechanization cost and interest on land service with high price. Accordingly production cost of rice per kg could be decreased only by 10% of the 1994 production cost. 8. Rice policy of Korean government in the future should take into account the labour saving technology to solve labour shortage in rural area and to enhance off-farm incomes by creating job opportunities in agro-industrial zones and special production area. On account of the staple food and main energy source for people's health, rice production even encountered vulnerable economic settings should be continued without price distortion policies and discouraging farmer's intention to cultivate rice by importing institutionally the direct income subsidy system.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2008

An Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) is an archive for samples that can be used to document and assess the quality of the environment in which we live. An ESB program looks at changes in the concentration of human and environmental specimens over long periods of time through retrospective analysis of archived samples of a particular area collected at regular intervals. The idea of ESB was first proposed by German and American scientists in the early 1970s and has been established since 1979 in Germany, USA, and Japan. Korea plans to establish a National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2010. The NESB will be able to assess and improve the quality of analytical measurements as well as to compare the past and current environmental quality as a time capsule. The concept and design for the NESB facility was developed and its Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) are being developed based on an evaluation of ESBs and SOPs of Germany, USA, and Japan. Environmental specimens proposed for banking are based on typical representatives of every level of the food chain from each type of ecosystem that are widely distributed thus enabling comparisons between different sampling areas. Through retrospective analysis of environmental specimens, the NESB will improve the reliability of environmental monitoring, ecological risk assessment, and health impact assessment.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2003

Statement of problem: Regardless of any restoration, most of case, we used in screw connection between abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare surface of coated/plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate physical property of coated/plated material after scratch test in FESEM investigation Material and methods: GoldTite, titanium screw provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screw by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screw, titanium screw by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) - were selected for this study. Each abutment screw surface was observed at 100 times, and then screw crest, root, and slope were done more detailed numerical value, at 1000 times with FESEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, micro-diamond scratch the surface of head region was made at constant load and then was observed central region and periphery of fine trace through 1000 times with FESEM. Results: The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other kinds of screw and had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw. The scratch test also showed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in screw coated with teflon. Titanium screw had a rough surface and low ductility. Conclusion: It was recommended that the clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening because it had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Purpose - Recent international studies have largely focused on measuring the welfare gains from increased trade varieties. To adequately capture the variety gains, it is of importance to estimate the elasticity of substitution between varieties of trade goods because it is one of the key parameters to determine the magnitude of the variety gains. Using the import data of South Korea, this paper shows that the elasticities vary substantially across the estimators, which affects the magnitude of the gains from trade. Design/methodology - Empirical studies working on the gains from trade variety have heavily depended on the estimation methods for the elasticity of substitution between trade varieties, developed by Feenstra (1994) and refined by Broda and Weinstein (2006). We estimate and compare the estimated elasticities for 8,945 HS 10 goods of South Korea, obtained from the three estimation methods: Feenstra's weighted least square (F-WLS), Feenstra's feasible generalized least square (F-FGLS), and Broda and Weinstein's feasible generalized least square (BW-FGLS). Findings - Using the estimated elasticities from the F-FGLS, considered as a suitable estimator, A typical Korean consumer saved 228 dollars per year by the greater access to new import varieties. This leads to gains from imported variety of 2.06% of GDP. In 2017, a typical Korean consumer would gain by 611 dollars, compared with 2000. China is the country with the largest contribution (28.4%), followed by Japan and USA. About 50% of all the welfare gains come from the imports from the three main trade partners. The Southern Asian countries are more important to the South Korean welfare gain than the Western European countries. Originality/value - Existing studies have chosen one of the methods without any criterion for the choice and then estimated the elasticities of substitution between varieties of trade goods. This paper focuses on the estimation specifications and methods as the cause of the disparity in estimated elasticities and welfare gains from trade variety. According to the Ramsey RESET and White tests, the F-FGLS estimates are relatively better compared to the F-WLS and BW-FGLS estimates. As another contribution, this paper provides the first measure of the welfare gains from trade variety for South Korea, using the estimated elasticities of substitution between trade varieties.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2001

The focus of this study is to redesign the Korean license plate by comparing the USA's plate with European plate formed by 1-line system in order to increase a read rate of Korea license plate. And we have compared the read rate of the new design license plate with that of the present license plate and that of the license plate studied so far. As an experimental method (used in a precedent research), we use three kinds of methods that are the measurement of the read-distance, the measurement reading-rate under the short-term exposure and the measurement of the reading-rate when driving. First, three kinds of measurements for plates of five nations are performed. Then we redesign the new Korean license plate under the base of read rates obtained by five nation's plate. As alternatives, we choose five license plates. Those alternatives are the redesigned license plate, the present license plate, the license plate studied so far, and two types of eternity license plates made by the Korea Transport Institute. When we compare results of the read-distance, there is no significant in term of different the read-distance between the alternatives. But there is a significant difference in term of the misreading-rate and the read-rate when diving. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the present license plates because of a high misreading-rate.