• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

This study is to clarify the form of window and door of medieval times house which are no longer in existence, by comparative analysis between literature materials and architectural remains of united Silla and Goryo period. Particularly the window and door form change process of was analyzed, in connection with the change of term which are recorded in literature material. The form and the composition of window and door are the elements which determine the elevation design of architecture and concerned with interior environment. Therefore this study is significant in the sense that it could be used as base data for the study on the reconstruction and interior space of medieval times house. There were ho (戶) and moon (門) as door, and chang (窓) for lighting and ventilation as window. Among these, the window can be divided into fixed and openable. There were two kind of fixed window. One is called chang (窓), and it was covered by silk or paper for lighting. The other is called ham (檻), it was the form of vertical bar window and lighting and ventilation was available. And there were two kind of openable window. One is called ho (戶), which had wooden plate window leaves. And the other is called changho (窓戶), lighting was available in the condition of closing.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.59-62
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• 2005

One's mother tongue can have an effect on learning a foreign language, especially on pronunciation. Investigating and comparing English vowels /${\varepsilon}$/ and /${\ae}$/, and their- supposedly- corresponding vowels in Korean /에/ and /애/, this study addresses the following questions: Can Koreans distinguish /에/ and /애/? Can they distinguish /${\varepsilon}$/ and /${\ae}$/ in English? And what is the relationship between the Korean vowels and the English vowels? That is, is the conventional correspondence of /에/-/${\varepsilon}$/ and /애/-/${\ae}$/ appropriate? The results showed that most Korean students distinguish neither Korean /에/ and /애/, nor English /${\varepsilon}$/ and /${\ae}$/. While not distinguishable within a language, Korean /에/ and /애/ still form a separate group from English /${\varepsilon}$/ and /${\ae}$/. Therefore the correspondence between /에/-/${\varepsilon}$/ and /애/-/${\ae}$/ is not appropriate. Strategies for teaching English pronunciation should be designed accordingly.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.537-549
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• 2017

In this study, the turbulent flow around a bluff body for different wind velocities was investigated numerically by using its two- and three-dimensional models. These models were tested to verify the validity of the simulation by being compared with experimental results which were taken from the literature. Variations of non-dimensional velocities in different positions according to the bluff body height were analysed and illustrated graphically. When the velocity distributions were examined, it was seen that the results of both two- and three-dimensional models agree with the experimental data. It was also seen that the velocities obtained from two-dimensional model matched up with the experimental data from the ground to the top of the bluff body. Particularly, compared to the front part of the bluff body, results of the upper and back part of the bluff body are better. Moreover, after comparing the results from calculations by using different models with experimental data, the effect of multidimensional models on the obtained results have been analysed for different inlet velocities. The calculation results from the two-dimensional (2D) model are in satisfactory agreement with the calculation results of the three-dimensional model (3D) for various flow situations when comparing with the experimental data from the literature even though the 3D model gives better solutions.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.19-44
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• 2002

All over the world, the attention on the exploitation of public research, which is mainly implemented by technology transfer, has increased in recent years. Licensing, which is one of representative mechanisms for public-to-private technology transfer, is accompanied by the frequent conflicts in negotiating a license payment between public research institutes (PRIs) and private firms. In spite of the body of literature on technology transfer in a licensing context, it focuses on contracts between private firms. Even the existing literature, which addresses public-to-private technology transfer through licensing, to our knowledge, has not yet formalized an established licensing model. This paper develops a mathematical model of public-to-private licensing, not hitherto tried by academics. The model addresses important issues to be applied comprehensively in licensing practice, such as determining a royalty rate, balancing between an initial payment and a running royalty, designing an inventor's incentive system, and setting a minimum payment as a screening criterion. The paper also provides reasonable management implications to controversial issues in technology transfer from PRIs to private firms, partly employing the comparative analysis between current stylized licensing practice and the one suggested in the model. We hope that study contributes to providing the foundation on which the theory on public-to-private licensing would extend to an in-depth level.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

본 연구는 지반함몰 발생 및 피해저감을 위한 지반 안정성 평가 및 굴착 보강 기술개발 과제 중 지반함몰 위험성 예측 및 평가기술 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위한 연구로 수도권 6개 굴착지역에 대한 문헌자료에 의한 강도정수 산정, 시추에 의한 지반조사 및 표준관입시험, 시추공을 이용한 하향식탄성파 결과를 이용하여 지반특성을 비교 연구 하였다. 연구결과 표준관입시험 결과인 N치와 문헌자료를 이용하여 지반정수를 산정하였고, 시추된 홀에 하향식탄성파탐사를 실시하여 지반의 동적지반특성을 확인하였다. 각 지역별 지반특성을 확인한 결과 지반물성치가 상이하게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이는 각 현장별 N치와 문헌자료 조사자의 경험적 지반정수가 반영된 결과인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2015

This paper attempts to critically review the status of supply chain operations in the healthcare field in an attempt to address what has been done in academics as well as the practitioner's field to gain insight where future research efforts should be addressed. Based on literature set through review on previous studies, literature published within the past 10 years will be reviewed. The purpose of the study can be summarized as follows. First, overviews of healthcare SCM. Second, comparative studies on commercial SCM and healthcare SCM. Third, major tools in SCM. Finally, the barriers of adopting healthcare SCM. The findings of this study reveals potential benefits from using supply chain management tools. Although research and case studies in healthcare industries are not as extensive as in other industries, a clear trend appears to be forming in that deployment of supply chain management indeed generates consumer and provider's surplus from which the entire society would benefit.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

The Bidding System of the public IT project in Korea is fallen behind, because of the ordering habitual practice based old system, overcompetition based sealed bid and subcontract practice. To innovate this old-fashioned practice for public IT project bidding, this paper wants to generate a proper improvement direction of the public IT project contract law and the related policy through the literature review about the ordering and receiving system in Korea, the practical survey about bidding marketplace in Korea, and competition between bidding system and/or policy of major countries: USA, UK, France and Japan. As a result of practical survey, many problems of the current public IT project bidding system came out and improvement ideas toward future situation turned up. These outputs implicate that the current law and system related public IT project demands better improvement work for the future ubiquitous Korea. Therefore, this paper, to solve these problems about bidding systems and practice, propose the new public IT project contract law and the related policy, reflecting these improvement ideas by the practical survey and the literature review, and benchmarking points from bidding system of other countries.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2011

Purpose: The study was designed to develop an instrument to measure risk factor-related deviant behavior (RFRDB) for the elderly. Methods: The preliminary instrument including 52 items to measure the risk factor-related deviant behavior for the elderly was developed through conceptual framework based literature review. The items were reviewed by experts to reveal the Content Validity Index (CVI). Then, construct validity and reliability were tested using factor analysis, comparative groups, and Cronbach's alpha with data from 233 elderly. Results: Among 52 items, 27 questions in the RFRDB instrument were selected from content validity and 21 questions in the final RFRDB were developed from testing validity and reliability. Results of empirical analysis(retest) of RFRDB were supported by 70% congruity with conceptual framework through literature review. The RFRDB has been completed by validity testing by known-group technique. The final developed RFRDB of the elderly has 21 questions each with a 4-point Likert Scale. Conclusion: The RFRDB may be utilized as a measurement to assess the risk of elderly deviant behavior.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to describe the research trend of nurses' job stress in Korea and abroad. Methods: A narrative literature review of nurses'job stress related literature published from 1990 to Sept. 2011 was done. A total of 691 original articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers using analysis guidelines. Finally, 261 articles (Korean 177, international 84) were selected using exclusion criteria developed by the researchers. Results: In Korea, most of the researches were in correlational survey design, using questionnaires and the tool of Kim and Gu (1984) to measure job stress. International researches were more diversified than Korean's in the research design, measurement tool, and data collection method. Especially, most of international researches focused on job related factor (number of patients, working time, etc.) and physical effects (tension, heart rate, etc.) of job stress. Conclusion: The results of the study may provide with information that can improve researches on nurses' job stress in Korea.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the conceptual definition and attributes of 'Taeoom' (or workplace bullying) inflicted to newly employed nurses in Korea. Method: Walker & Avant(2011)'s eight-stage process was used to perform a conceptual analysis of 'Taeoom'. Literature review of 40 studies published between Jan. 2009 and March 2018 published in Korea was followed by the in-depth interview with nine newly employed hospital nurses and the ex-post review of results by nursing experts. Findings: 'Taeoom' was associated with five attributes: (1) bullying for no reason, (2) peer rejection for no reason, (3) decreased physical function and psychological withdrawal, and (4) verbal abuse, defamation and nagging, (5) impotent feeling due to power imbalance. Four antecedents found in this study include offensive action, distrust, power imbalance, and undue workload exceeding capacity. As consequences of Taeoom, negative physical and psychological symptoms and turnover intention were increased while nursing performance was decreased. Conclusion: This study suggests the need for more qualitative researches with more comprehensive approach on Taeoom and the development of effective program to improve the organizational culture in nursing field. This study is significant in that it provides a qualitative but comparative review on the attributes, antecedents and consequences of Taeoom through literature review accompanied by focus group interview and expert review.