• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 연약지반처리위원회 학술세미나
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

The use of Compaction Grouting evolved in the 1950's to correct structural settlement of buildings. Over the almost 50 years, the technology has developed and is currently used in wide range of applications. Compaction Grouting, the injection of a very stiff, 'zero-slump' mortar grout under relatively high pressure, displaces and compacts soils. It can effectively repair natural or man-made soil strength deficiencies in variety of soil formations. Major uses of Compaction Grouting include densifying loose soils or fill voids caused by sinkholes, poorly compacted fills, broken utilities, improper dewatering, or soft ground tunneling excavation. Other application include preventing liquefaction, re-leveling settled structures, and using compaction grout bulbs as structural elements of minipiles or underpinning. The technique replaced slurry injection, or 'pressure grouting', as the preferred method of densification grouting. There are several reasons for the increased use of Compaction Grouting which can be summarized in one word: CONTROL. The low slump grout and injection processes are usually designed to keep the grout in a homogeneous mass at the point of injection, while acceptable in some limited applications, tends to quickly get out of control. Hydraulic soil fracturing can cause extensive grout travel, often well beyond the desired treatment zone. So, on the basis of the two case history constructed in recent year, a study has been peformed to analyze the basic mechanism of the Compaction Grouting and verify the effectiveness of the ground improvement using some test methods.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1999

The use of compaction grouting evolved in 1950's to correct structural settlement of buildings. Over the almost 50 years, the technology has been developed and is currently used in wide range of applications. Compaction grouting, the injection of a very stiff, 'zero-slump' mortar grout under relatively high pressure, displaces and compacts soils. It can effectively repair natural or man-made soil strength deficiencies in variety of soil formations. Major applications of compaction grouting include densifying loose soils or fill voids caused by sinkholes, poorly compacted fills, broken utilities, improper dewatering, or soft ground tunneling excavation. Other applications include preventing liquefaction, re-leveling settled structures, and using compaction grout bulbs as structural elements of minipiles or underpinning. In this paper, on the basis of the case history constructed in this year, a study has been performed to analyze the basic mechanism of the compaction grouting. Also, the effectiveness of the ground improvement and the bearing capacity of the compaction pile has been verified by the Cone Penetration Test(CPT) and Load Test. Relatively uniform compaction grouting column could be maintained by planning the quality control in the course of grouting. And, the Qualify Control Plan has been conceived using grout pressure, volume of grout and drilling depth.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.375-382
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• 1999

The use of compaction grouting system(C.G.S) evolved in the 1950's to correct structural settlement of buildings. Over the almost 50 years, the technology has developed and is currently used in wide range of applications. Compaction Grouting, the injection of a very stiff 'zero-slump' mortar grout under relatively high pressure, displaces and compacts soils. It can effectively repair natural or man-made soil strength deficiencies in variety of soil formations. Major uses of Compaction Grouting include densifying loose soils or fill voids caused by sinkholes, poorly compacted fills, broken utilities, improper dewatering, or soft ground tunneling excavation. Other application include preventing liquefaction, re-leveling settled structures, and using compaction grout bulbs as structural elements of minipiles or underpinning. So, on the basis of the case history constructed in recent year, a study has been performed to analyze the basic mechanism of the Compaction Grouting and verify the effectiveness of the ground improvement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2023

In this paper, an analytical solution of large-strain cylindrical cavity expansion in compaction grouting problem under temperature field is given. Considering the stress increment caused by temperature, the analytical solution of cavity expansion under traditional isothermal conditions is improved by substituting the temperature stress increment into the cavity expansion analysis. Subsequently, combined with the first law of thermodynamics, the energy theory is also introduced into the cylindrical cavity expansion analysis, and the energy dissipation solution of cylindrical cavity expansion is derived. Finally, the validity and reliability of solution are proved by comparing the results of expansion pressure with those in published literatures. The results show that the dimensionless expansion pressure increases with the increase of temperature, and the thermal response increases with the increase of dilation angle. The higher the exothermic temperature of grouting slurry, the greater the plastic deformation energy of the surrounding soil, that is, the greater the influence on the surrounding soil deformation and the surrounding environment. The proposed solution not only enrich the theoretical system of cavity expansion, but also can be used as a theoretical tool for energy geotechnical engineering problems, such as CPT, nuclear waste disposal, energy pile and chemical grouting, etc.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.425-432
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• 2001

Compaction Grouting System, the method which makes ground compact by injection of low slump mortar, Is widely used for reinforcement of soft ground, restoration of structures happened differential settlement, underpinning and restoration of damaged dam core. The quantitive analysis of ground improvement for this method has not performed yet. So, design parameters about thls method must be studied through performance of CGS in various types of soil to make CGS adaptable widely. In this study PBT, SPT and field density test were performed for analysis of the characteristics of ground improvement and pressuremeter and inclinometer were installed for analysis of the characteristics of compaction in adjacent ground. In this paper, denoted much effects for filled ground that increasing of the bearing capacity, confirming the displacement of adjacent ground and the effective radius of injection.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.779-788
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• 2019

컴팩션 그라우팅 공법, 일명 CGS (Compaction Grouting System) 공법은 저유동성 그라우트재의 주입을 통해 주변 지반을 압밀·다짐하여 원지반의 물성 향상은 물론 지중 그라우트 구근체의 형성을 통해 복합지반 거동을 기대함으로써 지반을 개량하는 공법이다. 그러나 기존 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법에 사용되는 펌프는 한 번에 여러 공을 동시에 주입하기 어려워 시공 물량이 많아 신속함이 요구되는 공사 시에 시공 효율성 확보가 어려웠다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 3공까지 동시주입이 가능한 다중 동시주입 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법을 개발하여 현장시험을 통해 지반 보강효과의 적용성을 평가하였다. 현장시험은 점성토 연약지반에 단일공과 3공 삼각 배열로 각각 시험시공하고 그라우팅 주입 전·후 표준관입시험(SPT)을 수행하여 그 결과를 비교·분석하였다. 최종적으로 점성토 연약지반에서 다중 동시주입 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법의 적용 시, 요구되는 적정 동시주입 이격거리와 충분한 지반 안정화 시간 확보의 중요성에 대해 제언하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1364-1368
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• 2006

By the countermeasure which is caused by with railroad station ground settlement it applied a CGS in each independent foundation. The effectiveness of the ground improvement and the bearing capacity of the compaction pile has been verified by the Cone Penetration Test(CPT) and Load Test. Test result show that penetration resistance and the cone friction force increased a lot and settlement 13.475mm as the standard settlement 40.0mm appeared at below. Also uniaxial compression test result $278kg/cm^2$ as the standard $150kg/cm^2$ appeared far a lot.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 연약지반의 개량 및 부등침하가 일어난 건물의 복원 등에 사용할 수 있는 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법을 소개하였다. 기존 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법에서 사용되는 펌프는 1공씩 주입하는 시스템으로 시공 효율성이 저하되고,아날로그 주입방식으로 현장 작업자가 수동으로 시공을 관리하여 일관된 품질관리가 어려웠다. 기존 시공에서의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 펌프와 품질관리 시스템을 개발하였다. 품질관리 시스템은 주입재료의 자동 배합 시스템, 다중 동시 주입 펌프, 주입관리 모니터링 시스템으로 구성하였다. 현장 시험을 통해 품질관리 시스템의 성능을 검증하였고 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법의 시험시공 후 품질 시험을 통하여 지반개량 성능을 확인하였다. 따라서 개발된 통합 품질관리 시스템을 활용한다면 시공 및 품질 확인이 어려운 현장에서 일관된 품질의 보장과 시공의 효율성 및 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 지반과기술
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2005

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2002

CGS(Compaction Grouting System) is widely used in reinforcement of structural foundation and ground improvement in soft ground. But the effects of ground improvement depending on the type of soil must be studied in order to adopt in various soils (granular soil and cohesive soil). In this study, characteristics of ground improvement (the increase of N value, increase in unit weight, vertical displacement on the ground surface) by CGS method was compared through two cases that were performed in granular and cohesive soil. The results show that the closer to the grout hole, the more increase in N value and this trend appear distinctly in granular soil. Unit weight of ground increase largely near by the grout hole and decrease in far from it independently of the soil type. The vertical displacement on the ground surface appeared in smaller area in case of granular soil than cohesive soil.