• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.412-420
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• 1999

The amount and type of dietary protein that effects affect bone mineral loss after menopause and different dietary patterns may influence anthropometric measurements, biochemical values, and bone metabolism. Objective : Our objective was to investigate bone metabolism and chronic disease factors in two different dietary patterns. Design: The sample consisted of 40 lacto-ove-vegetarians(LOV) and 49 omnivores aged from 47 to 85 years in good condition without any medical problems. Results : The average energy intake of LOV was 1414.0kcal and omnivores, 1403.2kcal. The difference between means was not statistically significant. The differences of means of body weight and BMI between the two groups were not significant but the systolic blood pressure of LOV group was significantly lower than omniovores(p<0.05). The values of serum cholesterol(p<0.05) and glucose(p<0.05) of LOV were signifcantly lower than that of omnivores. The serum albumin level(p<0.01) of LOV was lower than it'scounterpart but in a normal range. The intake of crude fiber(p<0.05) of LOV group was significantly higher. The urinary pH of LOV was 7.4 and that of omnivores was 6.3(p<0.001). Plant calcium(p>0.05) and plant iron(p<0.001) had positive correlations with the uninary pH but animal protein(p>0.05) and animal iron(p>0.05) had negative correlations with the urinary pH. The level of urinary biochemical marker of bone resorption, deoxypyridinoline(DPD) of LOV was significantly lower than the other group(p>0.05). The T-scores of bone mineral density for the two sites in the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusions : The DPD level and urinary pH value of LOV were more desirable for the bone metabolism that the omnivores. The diet of LOV had lower risk factors of chronic diseases than the other group.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a weight control program on anthropometric values, serum lipid profiles and nutrient intakes. The subjects of this study were 38 obese children (boy : 17, girl : 21) with obesity index over 120%. The weight control program for obese children included nutritional education (50 min) and exercise (50 min) for 10 weeks. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the weight control program by 24hr recall test. The BMI, R$\ddot{o}$hrer Index, Obesity Index, WHR (Waist - Hip ratio) and body fat(%) were significantly decreased after completion of the weight control program. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of subjects were significantly increased after the weight control program. Distribution of serum lipid profiles was slightly changed. The energy intakes were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). from 1760.8 kcal to 1435.2 kcal. In addition, the intakes of P, Zn, retinol, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E and niacin were significantly decreased. while intakes of vitamin C and folate were increased. Calcium and folic acid were upper 25% of subjects, under EAR(Estimated Average Requirements) intake before the weight control program. The distribution of energy intakes was significantly changed into positive status; fat percentage was decreased 26.3% to 22.1% (p < 0.01). Carbohydrate was increased 58.6% to 61.2% (p < 0.05). Meal distribution of energy intakes was changed; calorie percentage from lunch significantly increased from 32.2% to 38.3%. Calorie percentage from snack significantly decreased from 17.7% to 13.5%. In conclusion, weight control program for 10 weeks is effective in obesity index and nutrient intakes although serum lipid values were a little changed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2012

The information about the physicochemical environments, the species distribution and community of the epilithic diatom cells in Pyengchang river and inflow streams of Gangwon-do were studied for assessment of biological water quality from June 2008 to October 2010. Total 112 diatom taxa were identified with 2 orders, 9 families, 26 genera, 95 species and 17 varieties. Among the total taxa identified, 13 taxa, 52 taxa and 15 taxa represented the family Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae and Bacillariaceae, respectively. The pH values of the water was found to be neutral to alkaline due to the limestone grounds of Pyengchang river and inflow streams. The 13 taxa including Epithemia adnata, belonged to alkaline-water diatoms, and three species - Cymbella japonica, Eunotia major and Fragilaria capitellata - are known to be acidic-water species. The species, Hannaea arcus, known as a cryophilic and mountain periphyton was identified at IF2, IF3 and IF4 in low water temperature environments at high altitudes, being a dominating species in P1 and IF1. Four saproxenous species - Achnanthes convergens, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, Cymbella turgidula and Hannaea arcus - were dominant at some sampling sites. For biological water quality assessment, IF2, IF3 and P3 showed low water quality class. The values of DAIpo and TDI were 10.6 ~ 98.0 and 13.8 ~ 94.2, respectively. Therefore, biological water quality in Pyengchang river and inflow streams was relatively desirable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8487-8490
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• 2016

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and premalignant gastric mucosa can be reliably identified using conventional narrow band imaging (C-NBI) gastroscopy. The aim of our study was to compare standard biopsy with site specific biopsy for diagnosis of H. pylori infection and premalignant gastric mucosa in daily clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Of a total of 500 patients who underwent gastroscopy for investigation of dyspeptic symptoms, 250 patients underwent site specific biopsy using C-NBI (Group 1) and 250 standard biopsy (Group 2). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were assessed. The efficacy of detecting H. pylori associated gastritis and premalignant gastric mucosa according to the updated Sydney classification was also compared. Results: In group 1 the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for predicting H. pylori positivity were 95.4%, 97.3%, 98.8% and 90.0% respectively, compared to 92.9%, 88.6%, 83.2% and 76.1% in group 2. Site specific biopsy was more effective than standard biopsy in terms of both H. pylori infection status and premalignant gastric mucosa detection (P<0.01). Conclusions: Site specific biopsy using C-NBI can improve detection of H. pylori infection and premalignant gastric mucosa in daily clinical practice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2013

This study was conducted for determining the influence of artificial structures on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in stream. Sampling was taken at upper(pool), down(riffle) and control(riffle) from two check dams, two weirs, one agricultural reservoir, and one multipurpose dam in northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of these structures were surveyed during 2009 to 2011. The simple habitat of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at the upper sites due to pooling effects from artificial structures. Specifically, Check dam1, Jusanji, Imha dam showed very low biological attribute values compared to the down and control sites, which have greater difference in substrate characteristics. However, in the upper sites of Check dam2, Weir1 and Weir2, the difference of values of biological attributes was relatively smaller. Also, proportion of functional feeding groups and functional habit groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down, control sites. Spearman's correlation between biological attributes and substrate characteristics, water quality parameters had significant correlations; particularly, the substrate characteristics were more significantly related. In conclusion, the pool caused by artificial structures had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities thus leading to simplified stream habitats at upper stream ecosystems.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2012

In this study, printing was introduced to the common dip-dyeing method of persimmon juice dyeing so as to develop two different colored persimmon juice dyed fabrics with printings of 'jorangmal' patterns (a national monument) instead of producing a plain textile. Following are the results of a comparative study between the persimmon dyed fabric and undyed fabric, both with printings, in terms of its properties, and hand values. Cotton and rayon were chosen as samples and were compared separately. Firstly, the samples showed differences in terms of clarity and visual sensation depending on the presence of persimmon dye, even if the same pattern and color was used. Secondly, the air permeability of two samples improved after persimmon dyeing even though their thickness increased, and their moisture regain increased as well in all humidity conditions. Thirdly, protectiveness against UV increased in dyed samples, and sweat, sunlight, and compound colorfastness improved in printed dye-fabrics compared to plain dyed ones. Therefore, printing proved to be effective in preventing discoloration. Fourthly, tensile linearity and resilience, bending rigidity, compressive linearity and resilience, and shearing stiffness increased more in the dyed samples compared to undyed ones. However, shearing recovery decreased in both dyed fabrics. Fifthly, the result of its hand value showed that Koshi value increased in all samples than undyed ones, whereas Fukurami, Numeri, and Softosa values decreased. Incorporating printing in persimmon dyeing process could expect creative outcomes not only in today's diverse fashion but in areas of arts or crafts as well.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.481-495
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of socio-demographic and health-related perceptions and twenty dietary behaviors on the superiority and preference, convenient use of and purchase motives of vegetables among 370 women(mean age 43.9) in Seoul and metropolitan and Gangwon area. Data was collected using a questionnaire developed in advanced studies. Almost all subjects rated vegetables more predominantly than grains or meats on the basis of health, diversity, and convenience to purchase. Recognition of healthly funcions of diet, purpose of diet and some dietary behaviors had influence on preference for vegetables. Those who recognized that diet had the function of disease control and prevention, knew the healthy options vegetables provide us, such as, preventing us from geriatric diseases, good sources of vitamins and minerals and considered other motives aside from health issues. From Pearsons's correlation analysis, it was revealed that sufficient time for meal preparation and pleasant eating and desirable life style and dietary attitudes, and a better understanding of nutrition were positively correlated with consumption of more vegetables and convenient use of vegetables. The subjects who recognized the ability of food to help prevent diseases, had a preference for vegetables and attitude to use nutritional knowledge and also considered the nutrition values of vegetables and environment friendliness. Everyday use of vegetables such as consuming a variety of different vegetables, a families favorite vegetables and variation of cooking methods had correlated positively with purchase motives. Therefore to encourage consumption of vegetables, it is important to notice three points continuously; first, practical information of nutritive values of vegetables, the contribution of vegetables in current animal protein foods centered diet and healthful functionalities. Second, the importance of regular diet and steadfast attitude and lifestyle. Finally, the quality of the market where the products are bought such as, quality control of freshness, sanitation, expression of producer and a pleasant environment to shop in.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.231-242
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate educational needs for development of principals' strategic leadership. The researcher analyzed 128 responses from elementary and secondary school principals who participated in professional development programs in 2019. For data analyses, the researcher conducted t-test and Borich needs assessment and drew the Locus for Focus model. Results are as follows. First, all respondents and secondary school principals considered important competencies data collection and use for setting future directions, vision statement for educational community, preparation of essential values for educational activities in school, evaluation on school finance and utilization, effort for development of school system, and enhancement of positive communication climate. Second, elementary school principals regarded important competencies as vision statement for educational community, preparation of essential values for educational activities in school, analysis of school environment and use, evaluation on school finance and utilization, investigation of educational objectives and planning, effort for development of school system, and enhancement of positive communication climate.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the nutrients intakes, blood pressure, and correlations between these two factors in Korean rural adults(60 men, 60 women). Nutrients intakes were measured by analyzing with CAN Pro after weighing the each diets of the subjects had for 24 hours. We measured body mass index(BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), and fat content in the body besides blood pressure, and considered their relationship with blood pressure. This examination includes collections and analysis of serum and urine, and considers the correlations between blood pressure and serum or urinary factors. These results were as follows ; 1) The mean ages of men and women were 50.$\pm$12.6 and 46.0$\pm$12.5, respectively. The percentage of hypertensive was higher in men(43%) than in women(37%). 2) The values of WHR, body water and lean body mass were higher in men and the value of body fat was higher in women. Weight, BMI, waist or hip circumferences, and WHR were correlated with blood pressure in these subjects. 3) Though the levels of serum triglyceride, sodium, potassium and iron levels were higher in men and urinary Na was higher in women, these factors didn't showed any significant correlations with blood pressure in both sexes. 4) The values of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ intake in men and women, and of iron intake in women didn't meet the Korean recommended allowances(RDA). Animal protein and Na intakes were negatively correlated with blood pressure. These results showed that the levels of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ intake in both sexes and iron intake in women were lower than those of RDA, and weight, BMI, waist or hip circumferences and WHR were significantly correlated with blood pressure. Therefore we suggest that the farmers of this research need to increase intake of nutrients like calcium and vitamin B$_2$ and control the weight.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.529-537
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• 2010

To evaluate the effect of pomegranate powder on rice dasik, pomegranate dasik was prepared after supplementation with pomegranate powder(0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%(all w/w)). The proximate components of pomegranate powder was 9.98% moisture content, 1.54% crude protein, 3.50% crude lipid, 16.00% crude fiber and 4.84% crude ash. The moisture content of samples showed no significant difference. The pH values in samples with the pomegranate powder were lower than that of the control group and pH values were significantly decreased with increased pomegranate powder(p<0.05). The lightness(L-value) was significantly decreased as pomegranate powder increased(p<0.05). Redness(a-value) was increased as pomegranate powder increased until 10%. However redness was decreased in samples with more than 15% pomegranate powder. The yellowness(b-value) decreased significantly with the amount of increased pomegranate powder(p<0.05). In the mechanical evaluation, hardness in the groups with pomegranate powder decreased significantly (p<0.05). Adhesiveness was decreased with increased pomegranate powder. Springness in groups with more than 15% pomegranate powder was higher than that of the control group. Cohesiveness and chewiness in groups with pomegranate powder were higher than that of the control group. But no significant difference in gumminess among groups was found. The intensity of color, odor and astringency of dasik with pomegranate powder significantly increased as the amount of supplementation increased(p<0.05). And the preference of taste and overall acceptability significantly increased as pomegranate powder increased(p<0.05). In conclusion, rice disik with 5% of pomegranate powder would be most proper in taste and overall acceptability.