• The Korean Literature and Arts
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• v.25
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• pp.189-220
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• 2018

This study is designed to better understand the life and works of Soviet-Korean. Soviet-Korean had drifted from place to place, repeating Immigration and emigration. The journey extends from Korea to CIS(the Commonwealth of Independent States). They have adjusted to barren deserts. And, they wrote a series of historical facts and lifes. So, this study looked at unfamiliar place and space in Soviet-Korean Literature. The life of Koryo-saram was extended from Promorye Region of Russia to Central Asia(Commonwealth of Independent States). At first, studied unfamiliar place and space in Promorye Region of Russia. So, the text used to prepare this report is prose and verse in Soviet-Korean Literature, АВАНГАРД, ЛЕ НИН КИЧИ, КОРЕ ИЛЬБО from Soviet-Korean newspapers, and Hong-Beom-Do, Sip-O-Manwon-Sakeon from full-length novels. And, looked at the immigrant narrative of Sinsoseol(新小說), Sohakryoung. The methodology used to prepare this report is history, social history, cultural geography, anthropogeography. As a result, the essence of Soviet-Korean Literature was anxiety. Koryo-saram was tormented by feelings of insecurity.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.232-237
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• 2008

In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the international organization, or alliance, consisting of eleven former Soviet Republics, their own regulation and standard, codes of the building are based on SNiP issued from the Russia. The SNiP for the seismicity is based on Kazakhstan codes where earthquake is very strong. After their independence, Seismic codes for Former Soviet Republics have been developed in their own accord. The building subjected by more than certain magnitude should be followed by TU as well as SNiP. In this paper, the residential complex project where seismic stability is considered from schematic design will be introduced. In this project, Local analysis program and method for arrangement of bar was applied. In the structural drawings, Korean and Local methods was compromised.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Rare metals, called as vitamins of industry, are defined as the elements which are very few in the earth and are difficult to extract from ores. The requirements for total amounts of rare metals have increased as the global economics grows and the function of electronic components varies considerably. The rare metals have been maldistributed to America, CIS(Commonwealth of Independent States), China, Australia, Canada as about 80% of total natural resources, which also lead to unequal materials flow or distribution. Therefore, it was needed to investigate the feature of rare metals in terms of industry as well as technology. We could identify the industrial issues associated with the supply of critical rare elements in electronic components.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 1997

This research follows the previous research on Kimchi Culture for the Koreans in Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS) and the purpose of this research was to investigate the habits with Kimchi of the Koreans in CIS. The research was carried out with items of the preparation and the preservation of Kimchi. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Abut 95% of above 30 years old of the respondents prepared Kimchi for their family. But 51.9% of under 30 years old and the forth generation of the respondents got Kimchi without self preparation. 2. All the respondents argued that the procedure of Kimchi preparation of the present indifferent from that of the past. 3. 40.2% of the respondents used to take Kimchi after 2~3 days from the preparation and 29.1% used to take after 1~2 days. 52.8% of the respondents would like to eat the well-matured Kimchi and 45.2% to eat Kimchi which was immediately prepared. 4. The most popular container for keeping was the enamel pot and the most popular places for keeping was the refrigerator. The popular keeping containers were a wooden box(61.2%), a earthen vessel(20.1%), a plastic vessel(14.7%) and the popular keeping places were a underfloor(37.9%), veranda (25.0%), underearth(22.9%) in order.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve effectiveness of Korea's Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided to developing countries. To do this, we analyze the efficiency of ODA provided to 38 recipient countries by Korea through data envelope analysis method. The effects of four factors including population, GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention on efficiency are also investigated by utilizing tobit regression analysis. As a result of the DEA efficiency analysis, it is found that the average efficiency score of the total is about 59%. By region, the average efficiency score of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and the East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) are about 42%, 68%, 70%, and 74%, respectively. It indicates that the Asian countries are inefficient compared to countries of the other regions. It is also found that factors of population, GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention have statistically significant effects on efficiency at 0.01 significance level. In the case of the population, the higher the population of the recipient country, the more negative (-) effect is on the efficiency. The other factors such as GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention have positive effects on the efficiency.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

This study suggests an integrated theoretical framework for the relationship between political risk and multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary's performance in the emerging market. The political risk would have a negative impact on MNC subsidiary's performance in the emerging countries that are developing in Asia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Africa, and South America. The major reason is that political risks could generate a loss of benefit or a loss of control for MNC's subsidiary. In this study, I suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy would be a solution to overcome various political risks. Specifically, the affiliated firms with diversified industries or greater financial resources could mitigate the negative impact of political risk than unaffiliated firms. Because they can use their tangible or nontangible asset such as information, technology, and construction in order to gain legitimacy and trust from local government, local community, and local firms in the emerging market. Finally, I claimed the costs of the affiliated firms would exceed the benefits at the initial stages, while the benefits of affiliated firms would exceed the costs over time when political risks become higher. The reason is that the trust gained from local stakeholders accumulates over time and the impact of CSR strategy would become an important solution to overcome the risks in and unstable context.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.13-48
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is to analyze the monetary indicators and the key macroeconomic indicators and to assess the effectiveness of state regulation on its basis. The analysis of monetary aggregates of Russian Federation, CIS, the countries of leading countries of North-East Asia at the present stage of development. Research design and methodology - The volume of data on Russia was analyzed from the 1995 to the 2018. The data from the 1950 to the 2019 were estimated on China. The data from the 1980 to the 2018 were estimated on Japan. On South Korea - since the 1960 to the 2018. On Republic of Belarus - since the 2003 to the 2018. On Tajikistan - from the 2008 to 2017. On Kazakhstan - from the 1994 to the 2018. On Kyrgyzstan - from the 2002 to the 2018. On Armenia - from the 2003 to the 2018. Results - Hypothesis 1: In Russian Federation, the monetary stock has a stable tendency to grow. The volume of money stock of Russia and the analyzed countries is much determined by external debt, GDP, the export, the import, and the international reserves. Hypothesis 2: The growth of money supply does not always give a positive effect in the development of the country, as well as a significant increase in the amount of money stock does not always lead to negative consequences. The monetary stock should be commensurate with the macroeconomic indicators of the state. Conclusions - The growth of the monetary stock does not always give a positive effect in the development of the country, as well as a significant increase in the amount of monetary stock not always lead to negative consequences.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 1998

To investigate the materials in the preparation of kimchi for Koreans in the Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS) a survey was completed by 199 Koreans living in Moscow, Sahalin, Uzbekistan and Jazahstan, In the way to purvey the materials of Kimchi, the frequency to get all the materials of Kimchi in the markets is 74.7% on the whole and by regional groups the frequency is relatively high in Moscow and Kazahstan, For the main ingredients most respondents use Chinese cabbage, cabbage, or turnips. In general Chinese cabbage is used most, But the respondents who live in Moxcow and Kazahstan. For the main ingredients most respondents use Chinese cabbage, cabbage, or turnips. In general Chinese cabbage is used most, But the respondents who live in Moscow and Kazahstan. 쫴 are younger, or belong to higher emigrant generation, prefer cabbage kimchi. For the additional vegetables many respondents use carrots. For the seasonings, garlic, red pepper powder, and salt are added to Kimchi, but the use of ginger, whole seasame seed, and waxy rice paste is relatively low. The coriander, which is not added to kimchi in Korea, is used in Kimchi By above 80% of the respondents living in the three regions except Sahalin. It is considered to be due to the effect of the western dining cultural area. For the animal materials, 74.4% of the respondents add lightly salted fish to Kimchi and all toe respondents in Sahalin add salt-fermented sea food, the kind of which is mainly salt-fermented croaker. The reasons given for not adding salt-fermented seafood to Kimchi in the three regions except Sahalin, 59.9% of the respondents said it was because of the difficulty to purvey, 21.1% because of the fishy taste, and 16.8% because of not considering the addition of self-fermented sea food in Kimchi. The higher the emigrant generation of respondents, the less seasonings of strong flavor like garlic, red pepper powder, and salt-fermented sea food are used, and the more coriander is used. In the salting of Kimchi preparation, 97.8% of the respondents salt the main vegetables by soaking in brine and its concentration is controlled by experience.

• Russian Language and Literature
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• no.66
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• pp.181-217
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• 2019

The Korean society is very rapidly changing into a multi-cultural society. Nowadays, the number of migrants living in Korean society more 2.3 million(4.6% of the nation's population), and analysts say that it will be increased nearly 5.8% of the population by 2021. Moreover, marriage migrant women from Russia, CIS and Mongolia in South Korea accounted for 3.8% of total marriage migrants 4.6% involving female foreigners in March of 2019. So this study is so important to consider the lack of informations and research on Russian, CIS and Mongolian migrant women in the Republic of Korea. The study shows that recently women's migration from Russia, CIS and Mongolia also was increased. But our multi-cultural policy just focused on marriage migrant women from Asian countries, and it has been based on Korean patriarchy and assimilation ideology in Korea, even if migrant women were hoping to get their equal human rights as Korean citizens. So the researcher carried out the survey about the socio-cultural adaptation and the human rights situation as qualitative research, with in-depth interviews of migrant women from Russia, CIS and Mongolia plus their migrant women's rights experts. We should make the new framework of multi-cultural policy to assure their human rights, citizenship and gender equality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.593-600
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• 1996

To investigate the dining habits in relation to Kimchi for the Koreans in Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS), a survey was conducted to 199 Koreans living in Moscow, Sahalin, Uzbekistan, and Kazakstan. Most of the respondents answered that thor keep the Korean food lifestyle, and especially the old age group and Koreans in Sahalin showed higher ratio for Korean food lifestyle. In the Kimchi preference and Kimchi consumption, 85.9% of the respondents like Kimchi because Kimchi is our traditional food and its taste is good, and 95% of them consumed Kimchi once or more everyday. In the kinds of Kimchi, 99% of the respondents had experiences in eating or seeing Chinese cabbage Kimchi, 91.5% cucumber Kimchi, 88.4% cabbage Kimchi, 82.4% white water Kimchi, 75.4% sikhae, respectively, while the frequencies of kakdugi, chonggak Kimchi, and leek Kimchi were relatively low. In connection with the utilization of Kimchi, many respondents answered that Kimchi is sometimes used in cooking of Kimchi cchigae or Kimchi bokkum. Most of Russians like Kimchi in spite of the hot taste and it shows the possibility that Kimchi can be spread throughout foreign countries.