• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

This study reviews the common-mode noise model of indirect-contact ECG measurement which uses capacitive electrode and capacitive ground, and shows the reason of the large common-mode noise in indirect-contact ECG. And then, this study shows driven-right-leg ground in indirect-contact ECG measurement, and reviews how the driven-right-leg ground reduces the common-mode noise. This study then analyzes the relation between the effective area of the indirect-contact ground and the gain of the driven-right-leg circuit. This study introduces the output voltage saturation of the driven-right-leg circuit, which occurs frequently in indirect-contact ECG measurement with the condition of the high ground impedance. This study then shows the effect of the driven-right-leg circuit saturation on the common-mode noise.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.11b
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• pp.285-287
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• 2007

This paper describes that the effect on the other system is generated by the single line to ground fault of the underground transmission systems and distribution systems established the common ground in trefoil. Each system is modeled by EMTP/ATPDraw and the system carry out simulations according to the various values of common ground to analyse. In this study, the result of analysis based on simulation suggests protection method and ground system of each system.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-30
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• 2003

This paper tries to suggest a rational proposal for the distribution of compensation of common property fisheries damages caused by a large scale coastal reclamation. For the purpose the paper introduces the approach of alternative cost of the use of fishing ground. The background of the paper is the legal conflict between tenants and non-tenants, both of whom are common owners of seaweed cultivation ground, in the distribution of compensation for damages. In principal, so far as the seaweed cultivation right is a common property of the fishing association, the compensation is also a common property of it. Therefore the distribution method of the compensation entirely depends on the decision of the association. But in case that the numbers of non-tenants is larger than those of tenants, the distribution of the compensation is usually unfavorable to the tenants even though the latter is the key contributor to the realization of present value of the common property. The paper aims to show an appropriate distribution method based on the economic principle of optimal distribution. In others words, the value added to the economic value of alternative use of the fishing ground should be distributed to the tenants. the value amount of alternative use of the fishing ground should be equally distributed to the members of the association.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.127-143
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• 2018

This study analyzed the influence of climate change on the spawning ground area of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus. To estimate long term changes in the area of the spawning ground of the common squid, water temperature at 50 m deep that can be inferred from sea surface temperature (SST) based on both NOAA/AVHRR (1981.07-2002.12) and MODIS/AQUA (2003.01-2009.12) ocean color data was analyzed. In addition, five climate indices, Arctic Oscillation Index (AO), Siberian High Index (SH), Aleutian Low Pressure Index (ALP), East Asia Winter Monsoon Index (EAWM) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) which are the main indicators of climate changes in the northwestern Pacific were used to study the relationship between the magnitude of the estimated spawning ground and climate indices. The area of the estimated spawning ground was highly correlated with the total catch of common squid throughout four decades. The area of the estimated spawning ground was negatively correlated with SH and EAWM. Especially, PDO was negatively correlated with the area of the spawning ground in the northwestern Pacific (r = -0.39) and in the southern part of the East Sea (r = -0.38). There was a positive relationship between the AO and the area of the spawning ground in the northwestern Pacific (r = 0.46) as well as in the southern part of the East Sea (r = 0.32). Temporally, the area of the winter spawning ground in the southern part of the East Sea in the 1980s was smaller than those areas in the 1990s and 2000s, because the area was disconnected with the western coastal spawning ground of Japan in the 1980s, while the area had been made wider and more continuous from the Korea strait to the western coastal water of Honshu in the 1990s and 2000s.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.298-306
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• 2002

We performed an safety evaluation on constructing of a common grounding system for electrical railway in view of its efficacy and technical fit. In order to compare the conventional grounding method, which has been individually conducted, with the common grounding with all ground wires connected in common to the counterpoise buried below the surface of the earth in parallel with rail, we set up scenarios with several cases of fault and load conditions in Chungbuk railway sections with the common grounding system. Based on models for railway conductors including the grounded system, line Parameters of railway power system are computed. The circuit model for power system with up and down lines, auto-transformers and railway substations is used to compute impedances of counterpoise and substation ground net. For each scenario with faults and operation conditions of railway, the induced potentials on signal and communication lines are also computed. It is shown that the common grounding for Chungbuk railway is superior experimentally to the conventional method in three respects: (1) the lower rail potentials during operation of railway in line, (2) the lower rail potentials for short-circuit faults between catenary and rail, and (3) the lower stress voltages on signal and communication lines for short-circuit or ground faults. The analysis results confirm that the grounding system for electric railway is required to be built by the common grounding and be evaluated on its safety in design.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1528-1538
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• 2016

Common data link systems are designed to transmit the imaginary and signal intelligence data at long distance air-ground line of sight(LOS) link. In this paper, we analyze the received power variation according to the communication distance of the common data link using curved earth 2-Ray model suitable for received signal power analysis of long distance air-ground wireless channel. We propose optimal elevation angle control method of the receiving antenna to reduce a power variation caused by ground-reflected wave. Proposed method can get additional link margin compared to the conventional method without any additional hardware performance enhancement.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.1662-1667
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• 2012

This paper describes the design of size-reduced ring hybrid couplers (RHC) using a common defected ground structure (CDGS). The proposed RHC consists of double-sided microstrip line and the CDGS patterns which are placed in the common ground plane of the double-sided microstrip line. The effects of DGS as a periodic structure are imposed on both microstrip lines, so the advantages of the existing DGS are doubled. The normal RHC is designed first and folded by the half reference plane with the CDGS realized on the common ground plane. So another trial for size-reduction is performed by folding the RHC and inserting CDGS besides to the conventional DGS. In order to show a design example, a 2GHz RHC is designed and miniaturized using CDGS. The size of the miniaturized RHS is around 50% of the normal one, while the performances are well preserved even after the size-reduction.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.339-345
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• 2022

This article presents an investigation of the effects on a grounding system of wireless power transfer (WPT) when transmitting over relatively far distances, that is, up to 1.25 m. Conventional two-coil WPT systems are sufficiently commercialized in strong coupling range, but it is important to accomplish the long-range WPT in weak coupling range for further various applications. This system depends on the coupling effect between the two coils that the grounds of the transmitting and receiving coils should be completely separated. However, when evaluating the performance of two-coil systems with the instrument consisting of two ports and one common ground, undesirable problems occur in weak coupling ranges, for example, obtaining disagreeable transmission efficiency and degrading system stability/reliability. We investigate the problems of the leakage power from common ground systems and provide a practical solution to obtain a reliable WPT system by using an isolation transformer. The usefulness of this approach is that it is possible to achieve the stability of the system with relatively far transmitting distances and to determine the exact transmission efficiency.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2004

The EMI noise source in a switching mode power supply is dominated by a common mode noise. If we can understand the common mode noise occurring mechanism, it is resulted to find out the method to suppress the EMI noise source in the switching mode power supply. The common mode noise is occurring mostly due to circuit is unbalanced which is caused by the capacitive coupling to frame ground, which passes through a heatsink of the switching devices. This research paper presents a new effective balancing method of buck converter circuit by mean of grounding the parasitic and compensation capacitors in correct proportion which is called that the common mode impedance balance (CMIB). The CMIB can be achieved by source, transmission line and termination balanced, such balancing, the common mode current will be cancelled out in the frame ground. The greatly reduced common mode noise can be confirmed by the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.328-338
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• 2021

A study on common modular design based on open standards to reduce the life cycle cost of ground weapon system is underway. Since the ground weapon system includes major mission equipment such as fire control system, it is essential to apply the concept of fault tolerance through automatic reconfiguration and blocking unspecified equipment through connectivity control. However, it is difficult to generalize due to the difference in operating characteristics for each system. In this paper, we propose a plug-and-play framework, which includes plug-and-play architecture and mechanism. The proposed method can be used in common by the application of each component as it is divided into a common service layer. In addition, the proposed connectivity control and autonomous reconfiguration method facilitates reflection of operating characteristics for each system. We constructed a verification environment that can simulate ground weapon systems and components, and verified that the proposed framework works through scenario-based functional tests.