• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

이론적으로 분산 비동기 통신 환경에서 공통믿음 또는 공통지식의 형성은 불가능하다고 받아들여져 왔으나, 서로 신뢰하는 에이전트 그룹에서는 비동기 통신을 사용하더라도 데드라인이 있는 명제들은 공통믿음이 될 수 있고 이를 바탕으로 한 추론이 가능함을 보여준다. 일반적으로 멀티에이전트 환경에서 공통믿음의 형성은 통신의 문제로 접근하며 통신 시간의 제약이 없는 시스템 상에서는 공통믿음이 형성되지 않는다는 공통믿음 역설 문제를 느슨한 정밀도를 적용하고 필요한 요구조건을 완화시켜 공통믿음을 형성 할 수 있음을 카카오톡 채팅방 모델을 통해 확인한다. 또한 카카오톡 채팅방 모델의 각 에이전트에 추론 기능을 구현하여 생성된 공통믿음을 알고 있는지에 관한 질의를 통해 공통믿음임을 확인하는 추론 기능을 실험하였다. 분산 멀티에이전트 환경에서 공통믿음의 표현과 추론을 메타논리 프로그래밍으로 형식화하였으며, 카카오톡 채팅방 모델을 통해 비동기 통신을 사용하는 분산 에이전트 그룹이 공통믿음을 형성할 수 있음을 실험적으로 보였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-82
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• 2019

Pennsylvania is one of the states that adopted the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) and crafted its own standards (The PA Core State Standards). Pennsylvania teachers are required to have a clear understanding of the PA Core Standards. It is timely and appropriate to study Pennsylvania teachers' beliefs, as the standards have been adopted and implemented for several years since the revision of the PA Core Standards (2014). This study examined how eight western Pennsylvania elementary school teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning mathematics related to the SMP. To this end, I conducted an in-depth interview with each participating teacher. The in-depth interviews featured the teachers' overarching mathematical instructional goals and their productive beliefs. Furthermore, I linked these beliefs with the CCSSM Standards for Mathematical Practice (SMP).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a plural subject account of group beliefs using grounding concept, which bridges the gap between the two main approaches of ACLs, the mentalistic accounts and the social commitment accounts. The key idea of this Gilbert's plural subject account of group beliefs is to extend the grounding logic into the common ground framework for the semantics of ACLs which is fully verifiable, fully formalized and easily applicable. Thus, we formalize the proper group belief concept using common ground framework and we define the semantics of the primitive speech acts of FIPA-ACL such as inform, request and confirm as case studies. Also, we illustrate our framework on an e-commerce agent purchase negotiation and compare this proposed framework with two traditional semantics for ACLs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7011-7023
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• 2015

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men globally, constituting the sixth leading cause of cancer related death in males, and the eleventh leading cause of death from cancer in all age groups. In Jordan, prostate cancer is the third most common cancer in the male population, accounting for one third (6.2%) of cancer related deaths and in 2010 alone, 218 (9.4%) new cases were identified. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of different health education interventions aimed at enhancing knowledge, beliefs and intention to screen for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A literature search from January 2000 to April 2015 was conducted using the key words "prostate disease," "educational program," "knowledge," "prostate cancer," "demographic factors and prostate cancer," "knowledge and prostate cancer," "education for patients with prostate cancer," "factors that affect intention to screen," "knowledge, beliefs, and intention to screen for prostate cancer," "impact of prostate educational program on beliefs," and "impact of educational program on intention to screen." Results: Majority of studies reviewed indicated that men had low levels of knowledge regarding prostate cancer, and mild to moderate beliefs with good intention to screen for prostate cancer. Conclusions: Most studies indicated that men's knowledge levels about prostate cancer were poor and they had mild to moderate beliefs and intentions to screen for prostate cancer. Therefore, development of an assessment strategy based on the Health Belief Model seems essential. An effectively designed and implemented educational program can help identify the needs and priorities of the target population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3247-3251
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• 2015

Background: The attendance rates for cancer screening are low in Japan. Little is actually known about how the Japanese perceive cancer. Since beliefs about illness affect individuals' health care practice, the aim of this study was to explore beliefs about cancer and factors associated with those beliefs, focusing on representative cancer sites. Materials and Methods: Japanese adults (${\geq}20$ years old) who had not been diagnosed with any cancers and were not health care professionals were recruited, using a convenience sampling approach. A total of 91 participants completed questionnaires including open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the responses. Results: Five themes were suggested: (i) a threatening illness that might greatly change one's future life; (ii) basic cancer knowledge; (iii) a curable illness with early detection and adequate treatment; (iv) causes of cancer; and (v) anyone can develop cancer. Families or friends' negative consequences of cancer were associated with negative beliefs about the disease. Gestational cancer was the most representative site of most themes. Conclusions: A threatening illness (e.g., death or incurable illness) was the most common belief among the Japanese laypeople. Importance of early detection and treatments should be more emphasized, and future screening programs should include strategies modifying negative cancer beliefs among Japanese laypeople.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.159-183
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate Korean primary school English teachers' beliefs on self-directed teaching and learning for facilitating student's self-directed learning. A survey was conducted, using 315 primary school teachers as participants. According to different school areas, sex, English teaching careers, and types of English teaching like classroom teachers or English specialist teachers, beliefs on teachers' self-directed teaching were studied based on class planning, class process, utilization of human resources, development and utilization of teaching materials and class evaluation. The results of this study are as follows: first, differences were not shown except class planning according to teachers from different school areas. Second, sex and beliefs of teachers' self-directed teaching had nothing in common. Third, differences were shown in class planning and class process, according to English teaching careers. Finally, according to types of English teaching, differences were shown in class process and development and utilization of teaching materials. The study suggests that it is necessary to conduct other studies for observing primary English classrooms focusing on teacher's self-directed decision-making.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to examine the consumer beliefs on the wrongness and occurrence of unethical behaviors in retail settings, to examine the differences in unethical beliefs by consumer characteristics, and to examine the effects of anomie on unethical beliefs. A total of 609 questionnaires collected from a consumer survey were analyzed. Results revealed that respondents tended to perceive illegal activities as the most unethical and the least prevalent behaviors and downloading intellectual properties as the least unethical and the most prevalent behaviors. There were differences by age, marital status, occupation, and education in the four dimensions of unethical beliefs including actively benefiting from illegal/deceiving activities, passively benefiting at the expense of the seller, no harm/no foul, and common but questionable actions. Partial differences were observed by shopping frequency and return experience. Valuelessness of anomie affected actively benefiting from illegal/deceiving activities and no harm/no foul.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2012

본 연구는 남자 고등학생들의 구강건강신념에 따른 구강건강실천정도를 파악하여 구강건강에 대한 지식과 행동양식의 변화를 유도함으로써 바람직한 구강건강신념을 바탕으로 구강건강을 실천할 수 있도록 하는 정보를 제공하고자 2010년 5월 20일부터 6월 20일까지 전라북도에 위치한 3개의 고등학교 남학생 1, 2학년을 대상으로 편의표본추출법에 의한 자기기입식으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 수집된 자료의 통계분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 구강건강신념정도는 '치과질환이 발생한 경우 치과치료를 빨리 받아야 한다고 생각한다'가 4.44점으로 가장 높았고, '치과치료에 대하여 다른 사람과 이야기 하는 시간이 많다'가 2.73점으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 2. 일반적인 특성에 따른 구강건강신념에서 종교와 치과방문경험이 있는 경우가 없는 경우보다 구강건강신념이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 구강건강실천에서는 학년이 높을수록(p<0.01), 종교가 있는 경우가 없는 경우 보다 구강건강실천정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 3. 구강건강신념에 따른 구강건강실천정도에서 잇솔질이 3.65점으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, '잇솔질', '구강위생용품', '정기적인 방문', '식이조절', '교육 및 관심' 모두 구강건강신념이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단 보다 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.001). 이상의 연구결과를 보면 구강건강신념과 구강건강실천은 상호 유의한 관련성이 있다고 볼수 있으므로, 본인의 구강건강을 스스로 책임지는 시기인 고등학생의 바람직한 구강건강신념과 구강건강실천향상을 위해 지속적이고 체계적인 학교구강보건교육 프로그램의 활성화가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7679-7686
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to seek insights into Chinese women's lay beliefs about cervical cancer causal attributions and prevention. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three new immigrant adult women from Mainland China and thirty-five Hong Kong adult women underwent semi-structured in-depth interviews. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed and analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach. Results: This study generated three foci: causal beliefs about cervical cancer, perceived risk of cervical cancer, and beliefs about cervical cancer prevention. Personal risky practices, contaminated food and environment pollution were perceived as the primary causes of cervical cancer. New immigrant women more likely attributed cervical cancer to external factors. Most participants perceived cervical cancer as an important common fatal female cancer with increased risk/prevalence. Many participants, particularly new immigrant women participants, expressed helplessness about cervical cancer prevention due to lack of knowledge of prevention, it being perceived as beyond individual control. Many new immigrant participants had never undergone regular cervical screening while almost all Hong Kong participants had done so. Conclusions: Some Chinese women hold pessimistic beliefs about cervical cancer prevention with inadequate knowledge about risk factors. Future cervical cancer prevention programs should provide more information and include capacity building to increase Chinese women's knowledge and self-efficacy towards cervical cancer prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2015

Barriers to health seeking constitute a challenging issue in the treatment of breast cancer. The current meta-synthesis aimed to explore common barriers to health seeking among Malaysian breast cancer patients. From the systematic search, nine studies were found meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction revealed that health behavior towards breast cancer among Malaysia women was influenced by knowledge, psychological, sociocultural and medical system factors. In terms of knowledge, most of the Malaysian patients were observed to have cursory information and the reliance on the information provided by media was limiting. Among psychological factors, stress and sense of denial were some of the common factors leading to delay in treatment seeking. Family member's advice, cultural beliefs towards traditional care were some of the common sociocultural factors hindering immediate access to advanced medical diagnosis and care. Lastly, the delay in referral was one of the most common health system-related problems highlighted in most of the studies. In conclusion, there is an immediate need to improve the knowledge and understanding of Malaysian women towards breast cancer. Mass media should liaise with the cancer specialists to disseminate accurate and up-to-date information for the readers and audience, helping in modification of cultural beliefs that hinder timing health seeking. However, such intervention will not improve or rectify the health system related barriers to treatment seeking. Therefore, there is an immediate need for resource adjustment and training programs among health professional to improve their competency and professionalism required to develop an efficient health system.