• 제목/요약/키워드: Commercial agricultural products

검색결과 198건 처리시간 0.026초

국산 발효식품 추출물과 발효식품유래 미생물을 활용한 벼 종자전염성 진균병 방제 (Effect of Korean Fermented Food Extracts and Bacteria Isolated from the Extracts for the Control of Rice Seed-borne Fungal Diseases)

  • 김용기;홍성준;심창기;김민정;이민호;박종호;한은정;최은정;배수일;지형진
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.383-395
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    • 2014
  • 국내산 9개 작물 51품종의 종자를 수집하여 종자오염 실태 및 발아율을 조사한 결과, 참깨와 벼 종자의 오 염이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 벼 종자전염성 병해를 방제하기 위하여 다양한 유용미생물을 함유하는 김치, 고추장, 된 장, 간장, 막걸리 및 토하젓을 채집하여 식품 추출물 조제하고 종자전염성병원균에 대한 억제효과를 조사하였다. 추 가로 식품유래 미생물의 벼 종자전염성 병해 억제효과를 in vitro 및 in vivo 조건하에서 조사하였다. 40개 식품추출 물 중 11개 식품추출물을 샤레 상에 처리하였을 때 유묘썩음증상을 50~79%까지 감소시켰고, 5개 식품추출물 처리 는 온실조건에서 건전묘율을 8~33% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 발효식품 40제품으로부터 얻은 218종의 발효미생 물 중 43균주는 7종의 종자전염성 병원균에 대하여 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 선발된 43균주의 종자소독효과를 검정 한 결과, 32균주가 병 억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 32균주 중 17균주는 모썩음증상을 유의성 있게 감소시켜 건전주율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 15균주도 Kc 4-2와 Mkl 2-2균주를 제외하고는 지상부 출현율 및 건전묘율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 16S r-DNA region의 염기서열분석을 통해 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 항균활 성 및 종자소독 효과를 보인 식품유래 유용미생물 30종에 대한 동정을 수행하였다. 그 중 21균주는 Bacillus 속 세균 으로, 막걸리로부터 분리된 3균주는 Saccharomyces 속 효모로 동정되었다. B. amyloliquifaciens는 간장을 제외한 6 개 식품에서 분리되었으며, 고추장 및 젓갈에서 분리된 우수 항균활성 보유균주는 대부분 B. amyloliquifaciens인 것 으로 나타났다. 김치에서는 B. subtilis, B. pumilus 및 B. amyloliquificiens 등 다양한 Bacillus 속 세균이 분리되었다. 이상의 선발된 발효식품유래 유용미생물은 in vitro와 온실조건에서 종자전염성병 방제에 있어서 효과적인 것으로 확 인되었다. 이상의 결과를 근거로 국내산 발효식품 추출물 및 발효식품 유래 미생물은 벼 종자소독용 방제제로서 사 용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

미세조류 바이오연료 상용화를 위한 주요 인자 연구 (A Review on Major Factors for Microalgae Biofuel Commercialization)

  • 강도형;허수진;오철홍;주세종;전선미;최현우;노재훈;박세헌;김태영
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.365-384
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    • 2012
  • Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that are highly productive in the presence of basic renewable natural sources (light, $CO_2$, water and nutrients). They can synthesize lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in a small number of days. Subsequently, these carbon-captured products can be processed into both biofuels and valuable co-products. Additionally, microalgae would be an ideal feedstock for replacing land-based food crops with cellular products as high energy density transportation fuels. These microscopic organisms could contribute a significant amount of renewable energy on a global scale. In Korea, microalgae biofuel research was common in the early 1990s. The research activities were unfortunately stopped due to limited governmental funds and low petroleum prices. Interest in algal biofuels in Korea has been growing recently due to an increased concern over oil prices, energy security, greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential for other biofuel feedstock to compete for limited agricultural resources. The high productivity of microalgae suggests that much of the Korean transportation fuel requirements can be met by biofuels at a production cost competitive with the increasing cost of petroleum seen in early 2008. At this time, the development of microlalgal biomass production technology remains in its infancy. This study reviewed microalgae culture systems and biomass production, harvesting, oil extraction, conversion, and technoeconomical bottlenecks. Many technical and economic barriers to using microalgal biofuels need to be overcome before mass production of microalgal-derived fuel substitutes is possible. However, serious efforts to overcome these barriers could become a large-scale commercial reality. Overall, this study provides a brief overview of the past few decades of global microalgal research.

The Effects of Two Inoculants Applied to Forage Sorghum at Ensiling on Silage Characteristics

  • Guan, Wu-tai;Ashbell, G.;Hen, Y.;Weinberg, Z.G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.218-221
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    • 2002
  • Whole forage sorghum (saccharatum) cultivar FS5 was harvested at the soft dough ($303{\pm}9g\;kg^{-1}$ DM) stage of maturity. The sorghum was chopped into approximately 20 mm pieces and ensiled under laboratory conditions in 1.5 L Weck glass jars. At ensiling, it was treated with two commercial silage inoculants: Pioneer 1188 (Inoculant A) and Eco-corn (Inoculant B). The inoculant A and B was applied at ca $2{\times}10^5$ or $2{\times}10^4$ colony forming units $g^{-1}$ DM., respectively. Silage with no additives served as a control. Three jars per treatment were opened on days 2, 4, 8, 15 and 60 post-ensiling to study fermentation dynamics. After 60 days of ensiling the silages were analyzed and subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting 5 days. Results showed that both inoculants caused a more rapid rate of pH decrease and a higher amount of lactic acid production. All the silages were well preserved and were stable upon exposure to air. Inoculants did not influence (p>0.05) the ash and total N contents, but tended to reduce acetic acid (p<0.05), butyric acid (p<0.01) and propionic acid (p<0.01) contents, and to increase the lactic acid content (p<0.01). The lower DM content of silages treated with Inoculant A agrees with the greater gas loss resulting from the DM loss, which was in good agreement with the higher yeast counts upon aerobic exposure. Silage treated with inoculant B had the highest DM (p<0.05) and lactic acid contents (p<0.01), and the lowest acetic acid content (p<0.05), which agrees with the rapid reduction of pH and smaller gas loss. Inoculant B reduced the ADF (p<0.01), ADL and NDF (p<0.05) contents, which also indicates smaller losses of organic soluble material. The control silages contained the highest levels of volatile fatty acids but no lactic acid, indicating secondary fermentation. It was concluded that both inoculants may improve the fermentation process, since silages from all treatments were stable upon aerobic exposure, noadvantage could be attributed to any of the inoculants used.

토마토반점위조바이러스(TSWV) 저항성 토마토 유전자원 탐색 (Screening of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Resistance in Tomato Accessions)

  • 한정헌;최학순;이준대;김재덕;이원필;최홍수;김정수;윤재복
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.171-177
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    • 2012
  • Sw5-2 SCAR 분자표지와 생물검정법을 이용하여 토마토 유전자원 94종의 $Tomato$ $spotted$ $wilt$ $virus$(TSWV) 저항성을 조사하였다. Sw5-2 SCAR 분자표지의 PCR 산물은 대략 574bp, 500bp, 462bp였는데, 크기가 가장 큰 PCR 산물이 Sw5-b 저항성 대립유전자와 연관되어 있었다. Sw5-b 저항성 대립유전자는 3개 수집종('Eureta', 10-318, 10-321)에서 관찰되었는데, 접종한 개체 가운데 이들 가운데 일부는 TSWV-pb1(토마토 분리주)에 일시적으로 감염되어 회복되거나 줄기에 괴사 병징을 보였다. ELISA 검사에서 음성으로 판명된 수집종 당 1개체씩 총 35개체를 선발하여 병징 발현 및 바이러스 감염 유무를 추가로 조사하였다. 접종 5개월 이후에 병징이 나타나지 않은 26개체를 대상으로 RT-PCR을 이용하여 TSWV 감염유무를 조사한 결과, 모든 개체에서 TSWV의 RT-PCR 산물이 약하게 증폭되었고, 이들 PCR 산물의 증폭 수준은 'Eureta'와 비슷하였다. 선발된 유전자원의 저항성은 조직 내 TSWV의 농도를 낮게 하는데 중요한 역할을 하고 이들은 Sw5를 포함한 여러 가지 유전자들에 의해 양적으로 조절되는 것으로 판단된다.

한국 산 송이에서 분리된 균사 (The Mycelia Isolated from the Basidiocarps of Tricholoma matsutake in Korea)

  • 이상선;성창근
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제25권2호통권81호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 1997
  • 송이는 동양권 문화에서는 중요하며, 값비싼 버섯으로 알려져 있다. 채집된 송이의 자실체에 분리된 송이균사에서 추출된 DNA를 RAPD 방법을 통하여 비교하였다. 비교된 송이균사들은 각각 분리된 송이자실체에서 분리되었으며, PDA에서 성장이나 균총의 형태가 다른 것들을 취하여 비교하였다. 그런데, 이 실험을 통하여, PCR 조건에서 만들어진 RAPD-밴드를 집괴분석한 것을 비교하였으며, 또 다른 방법으로는 Southern blotting 통하여 확인하였다. 그결과, 두 방법에서 송이균사로 추정되는 균사를 확인하여, 이들의 균사에 대한 실험실내의 성장과 균총을 확인하였다. 균사의 성장은 매우 느리며 (10 cm per month), 균총은 반투명한 것이며, 현미경관찰하에 어떤 후막포자와 갈고리모양의 균사가 발견되지 않았다.

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습식 마늘박피 시스템 개발 (IV) - 상업용 시스템의 구조와 성능 - (Development of a Garlic Peeling System Using High-Pressure Water Jets (IV) - Structure and performance of a full-scale system in operation -)

  • 배영환;양규원;백성기;김정호;장영창;이수희
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2005
  • There are more than three hundred garlic peeling facilities in Korea and most of them use pressurized air for skin peeling operation. One of the major problems of using air for the peeling operation is the occurrence of excessive bruises on the flesh of peeled garlic which causes easy microbial contamination and shortening of the shelf lift. To reduce the occurrence of bruises during the peeling operation, a new type of garlic peeling system was developed which use pressurized water. In this system, high pressure water jets were used to separate garlic bulbs and to peel the skin of garlic cloves. Six commercial systems of this type had been developed and installed at several locations in Korea. The design and performance of the latest system according to three pressure levels were described in this paper. Peeling efficiency of the system was as high as $64.7\%$ in one cycle of peeling operation by three chambers installed in series. Incorporation of a sorting system based on machine vision and re-circulation of unpeeled and partially-peeled garlic enhanced peeling efficiency by additional $30\%$, resulting in total peeling efficiency of the final products of approximately $95\%$. Peeling capacity of the system was over 400 kg per hour.

Isolation of a Variant Strain of Pleurotus eryngii and the Development of Specific DNA Markers to Identify the Variant Strain

  • Lee, Hyun-Jun;Kim, Sang-Woo;Ryu, Jae-San;Lee, Chang-Yun;Ro, Hyeon-Su
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.46-51
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    • 2014
  • A degenerated strain of Pleurotus eryngii KNR2312 was isolated from a commercial farm. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis performed on the genomic DNA of the normal and degenerated strains of this species revealed differences in the DNA banding pattern. A unique DNA fragment (1.7 kbp), which appeared only in the degenerated strain, was isolated and sequenced. Comparing this sequence with the KNR2312 genomic sequence showed that the sequence of the degenerated strain comprised three DNA regions that originated from nine distinct scaffolds of the genomic sequence, suggesting that chromosome-level changes had occurred in the degenerated strain. Using the unique sequence, three sets of PCR primers were designed that targeted the full length, the 5' half, and the 3' half of the DNA. The primer sets P2-1 and P2-2 yielded 1.76 and 0.97 kbp PCR products, respectively, only in the case of the degenerated strain, whereas P2-3 generated a 0.8 kbp product in both the normal and the degenerated strains because its target region was intact in the normal strain as well. In the case of the P2-1 and P2-2 sets, the priming regions of the forward and reverse primers were located at distinct genomic scaffolds in the normal strain. These two primer sets specifically detected the degenerate strain of KNR2312 isolated from various mushrooms including 10 different strains of P. eryngii, four strains of P. ostreatus, and 11 other wild mushrooms.

'신고' 배 과실의 품질특성 및 관능검사에 따른 적정 저장기간 판정 (Instrumental and Sensory Analysis of Fruit Quality in Relation to Storability of 'Niitaka' Pear Fruit)

  • 박윤문;최종수
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.341-343
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    • 1999
  • 기기적인 분석 방법과 관능검사에 의해 '신고' 배 과실의 품질을 조사하여 저장력 판정의 기준을 정하고자 하였다. 상온저장고 및 $2^{\circ}C$ 저온저장고에 저장한 과실을 주요 품질 요인인 당함량과 경도에 따라 구분한 후 각각의 요인에 따른 식미인지도를 조사하였다. 저장 방식별 저장 가능기간은 식미인지도에 근거한 당함량과 경도의 변화 정도를 조사하여 설정하였다. 수확 60일 후 '신고' 배 과실을 이용하여 식미인지도를 조사한 결과, 경도의 경우 $3.3kg/8mm{\emptyset}$ 이상을 보이는 과실이 적정 식미를 보이는 것으로 평가되었고 당함량의 경우에는 13.0% 이상일 때 식미에 적합한 수준으로 평가되었다. 그러나 당함량은 저장중 지속적인 증가 경향을 보임으로써 저장기간 설정의 기준으로는 부적합한 요인으로 판정되었다. 과실의 경도를 기준으로 볼 때, 적정 식미를 유지하는 '신고' 배의 저장가능 기간은 상온저장이 30일, $2^{\circ}C$에서의 저온 저장은 120일 정도인 것으로 평가되었다.

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Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) Improves Fruit Size, Color, Quality and Phytochemical Contents of Sweet Cherry c.v. '0900 Ziraat'

  • Ozgen, Mustafa;Serce, Sedat;Akca, Yasar;Hong, Ji Heun
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.196-201
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    • 2015
  • Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) affects the quality of flowers, fruits, and other horticultural products. Studies have provided evidence that LPE can accelerate ripening of fruits and prolong shelf-life at the same time. In this study, the influence of LPE on anthocyanin accumulation and phytochemical characteristics of sweet cherry was investigated. LPE ($10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) was applied to a commercial sweet cherry c.v. '0900 Ziraat' orchard two and four weeks before harvest for two treatment years (2011 and 2012). Preharvest applications of LPE resulted in significant improvement in both pomological and phytochemical attributes at harvest. LPE treatment led to a 17% increase in fruit weight and a 6% increase in soluble solid content when averaged over two experimental years. Fruit phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity were increased significantly. The average total phenolic content of LPE-treated fruits for the two years was $703{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g fresh weight (g FW) compared to $569{\mu}g$ GAE/g FW in the untreated control. Fruits treated with LPE had a 27% and 16% more anthocyanin than the control fruits in 2011 and 2012. Antioxidant capacity of fruits, as measured by TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay, was 12.5 and $11.4{\mu}mol$ TE/g FW in LPE-treated and untreated control fruits, respectively, when averaged over two experimental years. Our results suggest that preharvest application of LPE may have the potential to increase anthocyanin accumulation, improve fruit quality and enhance phytochemical characteristics of sweet cherries.

오배자(Schlechtendalia chinensis)로부터 수박 과실썩음병 병원균(Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli)에 대한 항균 활성물질 탐색 (Isolation of Antimicrobial Active Substances from Chinese Gall Nut (Schlechtendalia chinensis) against Watermelon Fruit Rot Pathogens (Acidovorax avenae subsp. Citrulli))

  • 김현우;최용화
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.323-334
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 수박 과실썩음병의 원인균인 A. avenae subsp. citrulli에 대해 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 오배자(S. chinensis)를 대상으로 수행되었다. 오배자를 MeOH로 추출하여 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 가장 강한 활성을 나타낸 hexane fraction을 column chromatography로 분리하여 활성이 강한 분획들을 GC-MS로 분석하였다. GC chromatogram 상의 주요 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling한 결과, 지방산인 myristic acid, palmitic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol이 주요 물질로 검출되었다. 이들 검출 화합물의 항균활성을 검정하기 위하여 표준품을 사용하여 bioassay한 결과, myristic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol 화합물이 강한 활성을 보였다. 따라서 오배자로부터 분리한 myristic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol 화합물이 항균 활성물질인 것을 구명하였다.