• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2010

These objectives of this study were to compute heavy metal and accumulation carbon dioxide fixing quantity from urban green space(street trees and urban parks) in Cheong-ju city and Chungju-city and thus to estimate the effect of urban green space for improving the urban environment. The results are summarized below. 1. Results of the total accumulation of the carbon dioxide fixing quantity of street trees, Cheong-ju city and Chungju-city street tree was 1, 230,000kg-C, 1,270,000 kg-C, respectively. Total accumulation carbon dioxide fixing quantity of Balssan urban park had a 25,000kg-C in Cheong-ju city, Degami sports park had a 6,400kg-C in Chungju-city. 2. Results of heavy metal for street trees, fell in the order Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni >, the highest accumulated heavy metal was Zn, and the lowest was Ni. Total heavy metal concentration according to land-use area, was observed in order, for residental areas(157.26 mg/kg) > industrial areas(141.71 mg/kg) > commercial areas(118.55 mg/kg) > and greenspace areas(61.95 mg/kg) in Cheong-ju city. 3. Total heavy metal concentration for street trees fell in the order of commercial areas(84.48 mg/kg) > residental areas(83.70 mg/kg) > and greenspace(48.23 mg/kg) according to land-use area in Chungju-city. Comparatively, Cheong-ju city had more total heavy metal concentration than Chungju-city. 4. Heavy metal for soil that planted street trees was observed in order of Zn > Cu > Pb( > Ni > Cr > As > Cd), and Zn was highest, and Cd was lowest. Total heavy metal concentration for soil fell in the order commercial area(91.82mg/kg) > industrial area(85.96mg/kg) > residental area(67.55mg/kg) > greenspace(43.13mg/kg) according to land-use area in Cheong-ju city. 5. Heavy metal for soil that planted street trees was observed in order of Zn > Pb > Cu( > Ni > Cr > As > Cd, and Zn was highest. Total heavy metal concentration for soil fell in the order commercial area(87.66mg/kg) > greenspace(72.73mg/kg) $${\geq_-}$$ residental area(70.10mg/kg) in Chungju-city.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.22-33
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• 2006

The objective of this paper is to discuss geographic information policies and strategies of British government and suggest effective policies for Korea National GIS project GIS that has been implemented geographic information infrastructures into public sectors and private markets for the last ten years. To obtain the research aim, this paper reviews the main factors of the Britain GIS project such as distribution structure and process of GI markets, government policies and strategies that are led by Ordnance Survey, most leading mapping agency in the UK. In conclusion, some issues have been explored with reference to the experiences of the Britain GIS projects. The first of these is the nature of geographic information and the second concerns the notion of the circulation policies of spatial data, and the last proposes Korea GIS policies and strategies for successful geographic information and spatial data implementation. The findings of the analysis of the Britain GIS development indicate that a shift began to take place from central government coordinate toward more extensive utilization of private and commercial sectors. This reflects both the increasing importance of geospatial data circulation in all levels of GIS stakeholders. Finally these discussions are particularly to be the issues where multi-agency collaboration of Korea government is concerned and can take the form of joint ventures by consortiums of both involving data producers and data users in order to increase commercial participation for value-added geospatial items, and to encourage both research and development sectors with low or free price policies.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

This study conducted correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using financial statements, loan structure, ROA and ROA volatility of domestic commercial banks, regional banks and special banks for the past five years (2012 ~ 2016). The result is as follows. First, as a result of correlation analysis, bank's ROA is positively related to household loans and SME loans, but it is negatively correlated with the ratio of loans to large companies, sector bias, and loan loss provision ratio. Second, ROA volatility was negatively related to household loans and SME loans, but it was positively correlated with large corporate loans, sector bias ratio, and loan loss provision ratio. Third, as a result of the regression analysis, the variables that have a statistically significant effect on the ROA volatility of banks were household loans, SME loans, and large enterprise loans. From these empirical results, special banks with high volatility in profits need to diversify loan types and sectors in order to achieve business performance outside of policy finance. and Especially, Suhyup Bank and Nonghyup Bank, which have a large commercial role, have a large size per unit by focusing on short-term profit and Rather than focusing on large companies or large loans that are easy to obtain financial information, it is necessary to focus management capabilities on household loans and SME loans by developing capabilities such as screening techniques.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

The quality of the management of sanitation in food service establishments (school lunch programs, hospital patient food services, and commercial catering food services) in Korea was reviewed and evaluated, and ten strategies fur future improvement were suggested. They were: (1) An increase of qualified manpower and improvement of the professional training of the staff; (2) Obtaining special facilities exclusively for food service; (3) Improvement of facilities especially the kitchens; (4) Improvement of policy fur procuring raw materials and being assured of their quality by designing some standards and specifications for the raw materials to be purchased; (5) Production and use accurate and reliable kitchen apparatus and instruments; (6) An increase of the laboratory apparatus and instruments for inspection and evaluation of the sanitary level of raw materials and food service environments; (7) Enforced improvement of personal hygiene of the staff; (8) Use of a variety of methods in sanitary education and training; (9) Actively inspect the quality of imported foods; (10) Strengthening the research and accumulation of background data regarding sanitation management. There is a long process from the production of food to eating. The cooking process is the ultimate end of preparation of food before eating. This process sometimes increases the occurrence of food-borne diseases if we mishandle the food, even we obtained safe food. The process can also remove health hazards and reduce the risk from the hazards if we handle the food well although we have unsafe foods. This means the cooking process is a major key to preventing food-borne diseases. The concepts of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) should be applied and practiced in food service establishments in Korea as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2008

The study was carried out to investigate adsorption characteristic on hydrogen sulfide (H$_2$S) and methylmercaptan (CH$_3$SH) odor gas using the char made by a thermal decomposition of sewage sludge. The fixed bed adsorption experiments of the optimum L/D ratio could be 1.0, and adsorption capacity and break point increased with the increase of temperature. A simultaneous adsorption characteristic of H$_2$S and CH$_3$SH increased in breakthrough time and adsorption capacity more than single adsorption experiment, and CH$_3$SH had higher effective diffusivities than H$_2$S in same condition. The adsorption capacity of CH$_3$SH increased with fast velocity. When it was compared the produced absorbent with commercial activated carbon, As to adsorbent amount, it was H$_2$S 77% and CH$_3$SH 80% of commercial activated carbon.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.23
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• pp.67-79
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• 2011

As an increasing amount of Korean animation is being produced for Hollywood films, and/or winning prizes at international animation festivals, Korean animation is proving its growth potential and competitive power. In order for such domestic cartoons and animation to stably develop and maintain firm competitive power in international markets, cartoonists and animators need programs to support their creations, and locations where they can create their works. They also keenly demand the development of various programs and support policies that fit Korea's situation. In addition, if independently produced cartoons and animations have stable locations where they can be shown and commercialized, they can receive public benefits, beyond short-term commercial effects. Based on these views, this study sheds light on the concept, formation, and vitalization of a creation space and resident program, through the intentions of a studio where young and would-be artists create their works. In addition, this study has a significant meaning in that it offers a more effective and positive policy direction, as well as more opportunities to re-educate artists. As a result, it is expected that this study will contribute toward recovering the identity of cartoons and animation, which have been recognized as commercial genres, and to firm up their competitive power in international markets. It also demonstrates that these creation spaces, beyond the simple logic in which a creation space only motivates an artist's desire to create, will help in developing Korean cartoons and animation through cultural and personal exchanges with artists of foreign countries, and through an understanding of other cultures, offer communication programs to connect Seoul and other local communities, and establish the cultural identity of local communities where such creation facilities are located. In this way, the public can more easily understand and access cartoons and animation in their daily lives through these creation spaces.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.63-89
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• 2009

The contents provided by the terrestrial broadcasters have governed the market based on their excellent quality in Korea. In spite of the launching of various pay TV services focusing on multi-channel, it is not yet easy to find out the substitutionary pay TV channels for the terrestrial. Therefore, the real time retransmission of the terrestrial channels brings about the crucial effects on the pay TV's competency, especially on the new media as the invisible barrier. So it is frequently proposed to change the aim of the retransmission policy from the universal access to the promotion of media industries. The retransmission can be divided into two types as the must carry and retransmission consent. In Korean situation, keeping or reducing the must carry channel would be appropriate rather than expanding them. However, periodic investigation into the public effects of the must carry is necessary, instead of it. Moreover, the rational and fair monetary compensation for the commercial channels(MBC, SBS, KBS2) is arising as the bottle neck in the retransmission agreements between the broadcasters. The conjoint analysis was carried out to estimate the welfare growth from the retransmission, based on the stated preference from the audiences' point of view. For must carry channels, it was certified as the 'win-win' strategy for both sides and audiences. For the commercial channels, it is revealed to be beneficial to the audiences. Thereafter, the standards for the rational price were suggested to promote the retransmission. This can contribute for inspiring the dynamic vitality to the media industry by reinforcing the contents competencies and for establishing the long term growth strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2015

Recently, transportation big data generated in the transportation sector has been widely used in the transportation policies making and efficient system management. Bus passengers' mobility patterns are useful insight for transportation policy maker to optimize bus lines and time intervals in a city. We propose a new methodology to discover mobility patterns by using transportation card data. We first estimate the bus stations where the passengers get-off because the transportation card data don't have the get-off information in most cities. We then applies LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), the most representative topic modeling technique, to discover mobility patterns of bus passengers in Cheong-Ju city. To understand discovered patterns, we construct a data warehouse and perform multi-dimensional analysis by bus-route, region, time-period, and the mobility patterns (get-on/get-off station). In the case of Cheong Ju, we discovered mobility pattern 1 from suburban area to Cheong-Ju terminal, mobility pattern 2 from residential area to commercial area, mobility pattern 3 from school areas to commercial area.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.78
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

This article demonstrates that both the Warsaw Convention Systemand the Montreal Convention are not designed for multimodal transport, let alone for "Door to Door" transport. The polemic directed against the "Door to Door" application of the Warsaw Convention systemand the Montreal Convention is predominantly driven by the text and the drafting philosophy of the said Contentions that since 1929 support unimodalism-with the rule that "the period of the carriage by air does not expend to any carriage by land, by sea or by inland waterway performed outside an airport" playing a profound role in restricting their multimodal aspirations. The drafters of the Montreal Convention were more adventurous than their predecessors with respect to the boundaries of the Montreal Convention. They amended Art. 18(3) by removing the phrase "whether in an aerodrome or on board an aircraft, or, in the case of landing outside an aerodrome, in any place whatsoever", however, they retained the first sentence of Art. 18(4). The deletion of the airport limitation fromArt. 18(3) creates its own paradox. The carrier can be held liable under the Montreal Convention for the loss or damage to cargo while it is in its charge in a warehouse outside an airport. Yet, damage or loss of the same cargo that occurs during its surface transportation to the aforementioned warehouse and vice versa is not covered by the Montreal Convention fromthe moment the cargo crosses the airport's perimeter. Surely, this result could not have been the intention of its drafters: it certainly does not make any commercial sense. I think that a better solution to the paradox is to apply the "functional interpretation" of the term"airport". This would retain the integrity of the text of the Montreal Convention, make sense of the change in the wording of Art. 18(3), and nevertheless retain the Convention's unimodal philosophy. English courts so far remain loyal to the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Quantum, which constitutes bad news for the supporters of the multimodal scope of the Montreal Convention. According the US cases, any losses occurring during Door to Door transportation under an air waybill which involves a dominant air segment are subject to the international air law conventions. Any domestic rules that might be applicable to the road segment are blatantly overlooked. Undoubtedly, the approach of the US makes commercial. But this policy decision by arguing that the intention of the drafters of the Warsaw Convention was to cover Door to Door transportation is mistaken. Any expansion to multimodal transport would require an amendment to the Montreal Convention, Arts 18 and 38, one that is not in the plans for the foreseeable future. Yet there is no doubt that air carriers and freight forwarders will continue to push hard for such expansion, especially in the USA, where courts are more accommodating.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

Independent short animation was the expression method for young animation creators through creative and progressive representation. Since the birth of animation, independent short animation has become a driving force for qualitative development and diversification of animation. This has brought many works to the world that emphasize experimentation and challenges in the history of animation and in countries that have the rich animation resources such as France, Japan, and Canada, they recognize its importance and supports young creators in order to maintain the value of it. However, Korean animations are evaluated the quality of works by the popularity of the children, moreover, companies that focus on developing and selling products, including toys, rather than animation works themselves and public awareness that accepts them are formed throughout the Korean animation industry. Because of these points, Korean animation creators can not express the creative vision for the future and philosophical awareness of the problem and they are trapped in commercial animation markets. In order to re-leap and expand the Korean animation industry, which has reached the saturation level with infant animation, it is necessary to reestablish the value of independent short animations with challenging and experimental characteristics and requires the creative environment and support system for the diversity of Korean animation industries, including the achieving commercial goals through good planning, story development and technological innovation. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the current state of production, screening, distribution, and government support of independent short animation in Korea, and explores the structural problems and solutions.