• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.369-376
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• 2020

Credit capital from customers' savings deposit (CSD) of banks has an important meaning in the business activities of the banking industry. There are many factors that influence the CSD satisfaction with banks. Certain changes have been made when there are fluctuations due to COVID-19. The article is based on an analysis assessing the factors that influence the CSD satisfaction of Vietnamese commercial banks in the context of COVID-19. The authors use a sample of 1,639 CSD. The results show that there are three variables that positively affect CSD satisfaction, including legal provisions of the Central bank (Legal), policies and mechanisms of commercial banks (Policy), and products of commercial banks (Product). Accordingly, in order to contribute to strengthening this capital mobilization of savings deposit, the Central bank of Vietnam needs to play a pivotal role in the regulations of the banking system to ensure its stability; control well monetary policy, interest rates, and inflation to keep a stable position in the economy; and provide timely financial support packages to enhance the confidence of CSD. Moreover, Vietnamese commercial banks need flexible policies and mechanisms to stimulate CSD; strengthen support on deposit rates for CSD; and diversify products to easily adapt to each CSD's situation.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.12
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• pp.386-394
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• 2000

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1495-1500
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• 2014

This paper presents the result of the estimation of the power interruption costs of Korean commercial customers. Commercial customers are usually located in urban areas and considered very important because a power interruption on them can expand to additional damage to related users. Their power interruption costs were calculated through a survey with the process of data selection. Also, the power interruption cost for each customer's business type was calculated and compared with that of foreign cases.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to search the factors which influence the distribution of commercial function. Commercial function plays the most important role in determining urban spacial structure. The location of commercial function is influenced by topography, accessibility, population, and urban policy. Due to the lack of formal data these factors have not been studed to the full. But GIS makes it possible to conduct researches in analyzing these factors. The results are : (1) The index of employment density connects with topography, population, accessibility and urban policy. (2) The location of commercial function is influenced by these factors (3) GIS is a useful tool in analyzing urban spacial structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.261-273
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• 2022

This study aims to predict the land use demand of Seongnam-city using system dynamics and to simulate the effect of changes in family structure and land use density adjustment policy on land use demand. This study attempted to construct causal loop diagrams and an analysis model. The changes in land use demand over time were predicted through simulation results. As a result of the analysis, as of 2035, an additional supply of 2.08 km² for residential land and 1.36 km² for commercial land is required. Additionally, the current supply area of industrial land can meet the demand. Three policy experiments were conducted by changing the variable values in the basic model. In the first policy experiment, it was found that when the number of household members decreased sharply compared to the basic model, up to 7.99 km² of additional residential land were required. In the second policy experiment, if the apartment floor area ratio was raised from 200% to 300%, it was possible to meet the demand for residential land with the current supply area of Seongnam-city. In the third policy experiment, it was found that even if the average number of floors in the commercial area was raised from four to five and the building-to-land ratio in the commercial area was raised from 80% to 85%, the demand for commercial land exceeded the supply area of the commercial area in Seongnam-city. This study is meaningful in that it proposes a new analytical model for land use demand prediction using system dynamics, and empirically analyzes the model by applying the actual urban planning status and statistics of Seongnam-city.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.3
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• pp.233-258
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• 1991

This paper examines current developing status of space law as defined in terms of its unique principle that "the utilization of outer space for all mankind's interest". As commercialization of space activities has brought about heated debate on its legitimacy with respect to that principle, space law has come to witness a dual situation. One is the realization of that principle in establishing commercial space activities system where all mankind's interest is respected through the non-discriminatory distribution mode of space benefit. In satellite telecommunication system, the INTELSAT Organization assures its public service policy while protecting itself against a competition from separate systems. For remote sensing, commercialization of LANDSAT Systems promoted since 1984 seems not to affect present non-discriminatory distribution of data and information obtained. On the other hand, active participation of private entity aiming at commercial profit enables national government to manage more effective control and supervision of those activities with a view to promoting national interests. Also, newly developed private rules and regulations are emerging in business relations about commercial space activities. Extended capacity of national government assuring its national interest in production and distribution of international resources that is outer space, and regulation of space activities by newly developed rules and customs provoke a concern about a identity problem of space law. The best way to summarize this perspective might consist in saying that non space law regulations, which are not assumed as aiming at the promotion of all mankind's interest, are confirming their role about space related activities. For those reasous, we are now facing a developing status of space law as developments of commercial space activities continues.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-288
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• 2010

The collapse of housing market bubble in United States had a considerable impact on the world economy. The collapse of housing market bubble in United States generates the global financial crisis at the worldwide level. The housing market bubble question the efficacy of fundamental proposition of orthodox economics based on the rationality of human choice. According to neuroeconomics and neuroscience, emotion and affect play the important role in purchasing the commodity in retails market. On the basis of the neuroeconomics, this study focuses on the role of affect and emotion in the purchase of subprime loan in United States. Robert Schiller suggests that one of the causes of housing market bubble is the contagion effect of human belief in the society. The structure of this paper is as follows. First, this study investigates the mechanism of human brain and role of various neurons to influence the human behavior in the purchase of house in United States, such as Dophamine neuron and mirroring neuron. Second, this study shows the possibility that the mirror neuron might explain the contagion of human belief in housing transaction market. It can be a seed of housing market bubble. Furthermore, this study show the implications of neuroeconomics is suggestive to the negotiation process in commercial policy in United States.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.101-118
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• 1993

Generally there is no law and liability system which applies particulary to commercial space ventures. There are several international treaties and national statutes which deal with space ventures, but their impact on the liability of commercial space ventures has not been significant. Every state law in the United States will impose both tort and contract liability on those responsible for injuries or losses caused by defective products or by services performed negligently. As with the providers of other products and services, those who participate in commercial space ventures have exposure to liability in both tort and contract which is limited to the extent of the resulting damage The manufacturer of a small and cheap component which caused a satellite to fail to reach orbit or to operate nominally has the same exposure to liability as the provider of launch vehicle or the manufacturer of satellite into which the component was incorporaded. Considering the enormity of losses which may result from launch failure or satellite failure, those participated in commercial space ventures will do their best to limit their exposure to liability by contract to the extent permitted by law. In most states of the United States, contracts which limit or disclaim the liability are enforceable with respect to claims for losses or damage to property if they are drafted in compliance with the requirements of the applicable law. In California an attempt to disclaim the liability for one's own negligence will be enforceable only if the contract states explicitly that the parties intend to have the disclaimer apply to negligence claims. Most state laws of the United States will refuse to enforce contracts which attempt to disclaim the liability for gross negligence on public policy grounds. However, the public policy which favoured disclaiming the liability as to gross negligence for providers of launch services was pronounced by the United States Congress in the 1988 Amendments to the 1984 Commercial Space Launch Act. To extend the disclaimer of liability to remote purchasers, the contract of resale should state expressly that the disclaimer applies for the benefit of all contractors and subcontractors who participated in producing the product. This situation may occur when the purchaser of a satellite which has failed to reach orbit has not contracted directly with the provider of launch services. Contracts for launch services usually contain cross-waiver of liability clauses by which each participant in the launch agrees to be responsible for it's own loss and to waive any claims which it may have against other participants. The crosswaiver of liability clause may apply to the participants in the launch who are parties to the launch services agreement, but not apply to their subcontractors. The role of insurance in responding to many risks has been critical in assisting commercial space ventures grow. Today traditional property and liability insurance, such as pre-launch, launch and in-orbit insurance and third party liability insurance, have become mandatory parts of most space projects. The manufacture and pre-launch insurance covers direct physical loss or damage to the satellite, its apogee kick moter and including its related launch equipment from commencement of loading operations at the manufacture's plant until lift off. The launch and early orbit insurance covers the satellite for physical loss or damage from attachment of risk through to commissioning and for some period of initial operation between 180 days and 12 months after launch. The in-orbit insurance covers physical loss of or damage to the satellite occuring during or caused by an event during the policy period. The third party liability insurance covers the satellite owner' s liability exposure at the launch site and liability arising out of the launch and operation in orbit. In conclusion, the liability in commercial space ventures extends to any organization which participates in providing products and services used in the venture. Accordingly, it is essential for any organization participating in commercial space ventures to contractually disclaim its liability to the extent permitted by law. To achieve the effective disclaimers, it is necessary to determine the applicable law and to understand the requirements of the law which will govern the terms of the contract. A great deal of funds have been used in R&D for commercial space ventures to increase reliability, safety and success. However, the historical reliability of launches and success for commercial space ventures have proved to be slightly lower than we would have wished for. Space insurance has played an important role in reducing the high risks present in commercial space ventures.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.310-331
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• 2010

Recently, US, EU and major development countries, including Korea, have set green growth strategy the for national robust economic growth. Green growth strategy was also adopted as economic stimulus policy. Korea also have established some policies for green growth such as Green Growth National Strategy and 5-years Plan. Thought the SMEs play an important role as the innovative driver that can supply material and components for final products, there are few policies for joining green growth strategy. So, the purpose of this paper is to explore the current extent of public procurement for technology-development products and propose the betterment of it. Firstly, we analyzed the public procurement-policies of major countries to kinds of policy-purposes and types including Korea. and then we deducted the needs to policy utilizing the public procurement for joining the SMEs to green growth strategy. Second, we proposed that the objects of purchase conditional public procurement policy be extent to the pre-commercial technologies. The pre-commercial technologies could be performed further R&D by some other compaines or pubic institutes. Considering the natures of green technology-such as quasi-public-, this improvement would be helpful for SMEs which could create initial-marketplace and sales-references.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.349-385
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the activation methods of GIS industries through GIS industry current issue analysis in Korea to provide as following. First of an in order to analyse current GIS industries, there are three divisions as follows: existing GIS industry, new technology GIS industry, and commercial GIS industry. The existing GIS industry includes survey industry, municipality UIS and remote sensing. The new technology GIS industry has telematics industry, LiDAR industry, ubiquitous industry, LBS industry, internet, and u-city industry. The commercial GIS industry consists of civilian request GIS industry and spacial data distribution industry. The national geographic information industry contains problems and directions of the 1st, 2nd NGIS and 3rd NGIS plan direction policy. These classified GIS industries present various problems of policies and invaluable results for the future GIS industry activation directions as follows: Presence of the GIS contents technologies win be the most important core for the GIS industry activation related to IT839 policy of the government in Korea.