• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.39-56
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• 2023

Due to restrictions on offline activities caused by COVID-19, the use of mobile applications is increasing along with interest in online shopping, which are non-face-to-face commerce. Accordingly, mobile applications and various industries are combined, and the number of cases of using mobile applications in the fashion industry is increasing. In this study, the effect of e-service quality of fashion mobile applications on user's flow, user satisfaction, and service loyalty was examined. To conduct this study, a survey of 274 people who experienced the 'ABLY' fashion mobile application was used for analysis to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that informativity and responsiveness among the e-service quality of fashion mobile applications had a positive (+) effect on flow. And it has been confirmed that informativity, reliability, and responsiveness affect user satisfaction. In addition, flow has a positive (+) (+) effect on user satisfaction, and user satisfaction has a positive (+) effect on service loyalty. However, among the e-service quality of fashion mobile applications, reliability did not have a positive (+) effect on flow. And ease of use did not have a positive (+) effect on both flow and user satisfaction. Finally, it was confirmed that flow did not directly affect service loyalty. Through this study, we intend to contribute to the establishment of marketing strategies for fashion mobile application users, who are increasing with the development of mobile technology, and provide practical implications for the post-COVID-19 era.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.125-144
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• 2023

Recently, the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has been increasing in various fields such as interactive commerce and mobile financial services. However, LMMs, which are mainly created by learning existing documents, can also learn various human biases inherent in documents. Nevertheless, there have been few comparative studies on the aspects of bias and discrimination in LLMs. The purpose of this study is to examine the existence and extent of nine types of discrimination (Age, Disability status, Gender identity, Nationality, Physical appearance, Race ethnicity, Religion, Socio-economic status, Sexual orientation) in LLMs and suggest ways to improve them. For this purpose, we utilized BBQ (Bias Benchmark for QA), a tool for identifying discrimination, to compare three large-scale language models including ChatGPT, GPT-3, and Bing Chat. As a result of the evaluation, a large number of discriminatory responses were observed in the mega-language models, and the patterns differed depending on the mega-language model. In particular, problems were exposed in elder discrimination and disability discrimination, which are not traditional AI ethics issues such as sexism, racism, and economic inequality, and a new perspective on AI ethics was found. Based on the results of the comparison, this paper describes how to improve and develop large-scale language models in the future.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2010

Traditionally, like many people in mountain region of the Himalaya, the Lwang communities depend on mix of subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and seasonal migrant labor for their livelihoods. These traditional systems are characterized by low productivity, diverse use of available natural resources (largely for home consumption), limited markets, and some aversion for innovation. The potential to generate wealth through commerce has largely been untapped by these mountain residents and thus is undervalued in local and national economies. Introduction of organic tea farming is a part of Lwang community's several initiatives to break the vicious poverty cycle Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) played facilitating roles in all their efforts since beginning. In five years, the tea plantation emerged as a new means for secured a livelihood. This study aims to analyze the current practices in tea farming both in terms of farm management and soil nutrient status(technical) and the prosperity of the tea farmers (social). The technical aspect covers the soil and tea leaf analysis of various nutrients contents in the soil and tea leaf. Originally, the technical aspect of the study was not planned but later during the consultation with the advisor it was taken into consideration which added value to the research study. The sample were collected from different locations and analyzed on the field itself. The other part of the study i.e. the social aspect was done through questionnaire survey and focus group discussion. the tea farming provided them not only a new opportunity but also earned an identity in the region. This initiative was undertaken as a piloting measure. Now that the tea is in production with processing unit established locally, more serious consideration has to be given for better yield and economic prosperity. This research finding will help the community to analyze their efforts and make correction measures in tea garden management and application of fertilizer. It is also expected to fill up the gaps of knowledge and information required to reduce economic stresses and enhance capacity of farmers to make the tea farming a sustainable and beneficial business. The findings are expected to Sustainability of organic tea farming has direct impacts on biodiversity conservation compared to the other traditional farming practices that are more resource intensive. The study will also contribute to identify key action points required for reducing poverty while conserving environment and enhancing livelihoods

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.127-143
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• 2023

Currently, the domestic traditional market has not escaped the swamp of stagnation that began in the early 2000s despite various projects promoted by many related players such as the central government and local governments. In order to overcome the crisis faced by the traditional market, various R&Ds have recently been conducted on how to build a smart traditional market that combines information and communication technologies such as big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. This study analyzes various previous studies, users of traditional markets, and application cases of ICT technology in foreign traditional markets since 2012 and proposes a model to build a smart traditional market using ICT technology based on the analysis. The model proposed in this study includes building a traditional market metaverse that can interact with visitors, certifying visits to traditional markets through digital signage with NFC technology, improving accuracy of fire detection functions using IoT and AI technology, developing smartphone apps for market launch information and event notification, and an e-commerce system. If a smart traditional market platform is implemented and operated based on the smart traditional market platform model presented in this study, it will not only draw interest in the traditional market to MZ generation and foreigners, but also contribute to revitalizing the traditional market in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the effect of a rise in the global value chain (GVC) on the industry-level efficiency of resource allocation (based on plant-level inefficiency measures) in Korea, with a focus on various channels through which a rise in the GVC can increase competition among firms and thus induce resources to be allocated more efficiently across firms. Design/methodology - We empirically investigate the relationship between the industry-specific importance of GVC and the industry-level allocative inefficiency that is measured as the dispersion of the plant-level marginal revenue of capital (MRK) as in Hsieh and Klenow's (2009) influential model. We compute MRK dispersion for industries sorted by various characteristics that are closely related to firm/industry sensitivity to the GVC. In other words, we compute the average industry-level MRK dispersion for industries sorted by industry-specific importance of GVC and compute the difference between the two groups of industries (higher vs. lower than the median GVC); we also calculate the difference between industries sorted by industry-specific export (import) intensity. This is our difference-in-difference estimate of the MRK dispersion associated with the GVC for the export (import)-intensive industry versus the non-export (non-import)-intensive industry. This difference-in-difference estimate of the MRK dispersion conditional vs. unconditional on firm-level productivity is then calculated further (triple-difference estimate). Findings - A rise in GVC is associated with a decrease in the MRK dispersion in the export-intensive industry compared to the non-export-intensive industry. The same is true for industries that rely heavily on imports versus those that do not (i.e., import intensive vs. non-intensive). Furthermore, the reduction in the MRK dispersion in the export-intensive industry associated with an increase in the GVC is disproportionately greater for high-productivity firms. In contrast, the negative relationship between GVC and MRK dispersion in the import-intensive industry is disproportionately smaller for high-productivity firms. Originality/value - Existing studies focus on the relationship between GVC and aggregate output, exports, and imports at the country level. We investigate detailed firm/industry-level mechanisms that determine the relationship between GVC, trade, and productivity. Using the plant-level data in South Korea, we investigate how GVC is related to the cross-firm MRK dispersion, an important measure of allocative inefficiency, based on Hsieh and Klenow's (2009) influential economic theory. This is the first study to provide plant-level evidence of how GVC affects MRK dispersion. Furthermore, we examine how the relationship between GVC and MRK-dispersion varies across export intensity, import intensity, and firm-level productivity, providing insight into how GVC can affect firms' exposure to competition in the global market differently depending on market conditions and thus generate trade-related productivity gains.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.99-111
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the difficulties in business implementation that blockchain suppliers are experiencing, and to suggest ways to promote blockchain technology by solving them. First, industrial surveys of blockchain supply companies were collected. Next, a survey was conducted to confirm whether financial service users intend to use blockchain technology. The research results are as follows. First, in user characteristics, usefulness and innovation were found to have an effect on intention to use. In the technical characteristics, suitability and reliability were found to affect the intention to use. Second, in user characteristics, usefulness and innovativeness were found to affect the intention to use by mediating promotion conditions. In the technical characteristics, suitability and reliability were found to affect the intention to use by mediating the promotion conditions. Third, it was found that the new technology environment modulates the effect of ubiquity and innovativeness on the intention to use. The new technology environment was found to moderate the impact of security on intention to use. Fourth, it was found that the organizational environment moderates the effect of security and suitability on the intention to use. A plan to solve the difficulties of these blockchain suppliers and a plan to promote blockchain-based financial services are presented.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.113-138
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• 2016

This study analyzed the impact when Korea expands Chinese Renminbi(RMB) as invoicing currency on the trade to China using Monte-Carlo simulation. Primarily, we analyzed the impact on the balance of Korean Won(KRW) converted from RMB in a case that simulated exchange rate(Korean won to Chinese Renminbi) and realized historically identical probability distribution but in different stochastic process. In addition, we developed the simulation of the case where the volatility of RMB to KRW exchange rate abnormally expanded. The major results found in this study are as follows. First, in the case where RMB exchange rate simulated in identical probability distribution but in the different stochastic process, no matter how much RMB was utilized as invoicing currency, expansion of the RMB exchange rate and exchange rate volatility operated as positive mechanism to increase the KRW converted balance. Secondly, while the expansion of US dollar exchange rate volatility positively influences the balance on average, it caused a polarization of balance, which makes under-average-balance lower and over-average-balance higher. On the contrary, the expansion of RMB exchange rate volatility even shows a similar mechanism but the impact is more moderate than USD exchange rate volatility. Thirdly, as RMB exchange rate volatility expanded, the balance of translated invoicing currency (RMB) declined, whilst the negative impact of RMB exchange rate volatility on balance of translated invoicing currency(RMB) showed diminishing effect. Lastly, the influence of RMB's exchange rate volatility through RMB usage ratio trends similar to bull spread strategy, which is a combination of call option with put option. Therefore, since RMB usage in invoicing currency could spawn a hedging effect, corporations might utilize RMB as a strategic device for maximizing profits.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2018

With the development of mobile technology, asset management on the Internet have also developed a lot. Drawing on Technology Acceptance Model, this study examines YUEBAO deployment to model consumers' purchase intention to use financial products offered online. In this study, we hypothesized that the characteristics of online asset management product will affect the purchase intention through perceived usefulness and conduct empirical analysis on Chinese consumers. In the study model, the independent variables were considered to include individual involvement, experience, product protection, corporate credibility, convenience, mobility, and familiarity. In addition, the parameters constitute the usefulness, and the dependent variable is the purchase. The results are as follows. First, YUEBAO's complementarity, corporate credibility, convenience, and familiarity have a significant influence on YUEBAO's usefulness. Second, The YUEBAO's usefulness has a noticeable effect on the purchase intention. To perceive the high usefulness, the practicality strategy of enhancing the protection property, corporate reliability, convenience and familiarity of the online asset management product is needed. The study of consumer purchase behavior and consumer purchase intention of online wealth management products is very valuable for academic and practical work.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.957-966
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• 2018

Recently, the demand for remote patient monitoring based on IoT has been increased due to aging population and an increase in single-person household. A non-contact biological signal measurement system using multiple IR-UWB radars for remote patient monitoring is proposed in this paper. To reduce error signals, a multilayer Subtraction algorithm is applied because when the background subtraction algorithm was applied to the biological signal processing, errors occurred such as voltage noise and staircase phenomenon. Therefore, a multilayer background subtraction algorithm is applied to reduce error occurrence. The multilayer background subtraction algorithm extracts the signal by calculating the amount of change between the previous clutter and the current clutter. In this study, the SVD algorithm is used. We applied the improved multilayer background subtraction algorithm to biological signal measurement and computed the respiration rate through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). To verify the proposed system using IR-UWB radars and multilayer background subtraction algorithm, the respiration rate was measured. The validity of this study was verified by obtaining a precision of 97.36% as a result of a control experiment with Neulog's attachment type breathing apparatus. The implemented algorithm improves the inconvenience of the existing contact wearable method.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.206-220
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• 2023

In the royal publishing process of the Joseon Dynasty, the main species of wood used for woodblock printing was recorded as Jajak-mok. Although the name Jajak-mok may suggest Jajak-namu(white birch), it is presumed to refer to a different type of wood than Jajak-namu based on its recorded habitat and usage in historical documents. The aim of this paper is to clarify that during the Joseon Dynasty, the term Jajak-mok referred to Geojesu-namu (Korean birch), while Jajak-namu was called Hwa-mok(樺木). Additionally, this paper explores how the term Jajakmok eventually became the name of white birch, Jajak-namu, used today. In the mid-18th century, Japan used the character 樺(hwa) to refer to Beot-namu(Sargent cherry). As Japanese encyclopedias entered Joseon, the term Hwa-mok began to refer to both Beot-namu and Jajak-namu, which is also called Bot-namu. Since the pronunciation of Boet-namu and Bot-namu are similar, the two trees were eventually unified under the name Boet-namu. In the 20th century, the official names of three trees were established. According to notifications issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Korean Empire in 1910 and the Governor-General of Chosen in 1912, Hwa-mok(white birch) was renamed asJajak-namu. In 1968, Beot-namu(Sargent cherry) retained its original name, and Jajak-mok(Korean birch) was remained . In modern Chinese character dictionaries, the meaning of 樺(hwa) is listed as "1. Beot-namu(Sargent cherry), 2. Jajak-namu(white birch)." From this, we can infer the historical background in which the names of these three trees were mixed up.