• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 2023

Antalya is located south part of minor Asia, one of the biggest cities in Türkiye. As a result of population growth and vast migration to Antalya, many parts of the city that were not suitable for construction due to its geological conditions have become urban areas, and most of these urban areas are full of poorly engineered buildings. Poor engineering has been combined with unplanned urbanization, that causes utter vulnerability to disasters in Antalya. When an earthquake-prone city, Antalya faces with an earthquake risk, fear arises in society. To overcome this problem, it has become necessary to investigate the building stock, expressed in hundreds of thousands, in a fast and reliable way and then perform an urban transformation to create the perception of structural safety. However, the excessive building stock, labor, and economic problems made the implementation stage challenging and revealed the necessity of finding alternative solutions in the field. The present study presents a novel approach for assessment and model based on a rapid visual inspection method to transform areas under earthquake risk in Türkiye. The approach aimed to rank the interventions for decision-making mechanisms by making comparisons in the scale hierarchy. In the present study, to investigate the proposed approach, over 26,000 buildings were examined in Antalya, which is the fifth largest city in Türkiye that has a population of over 2.5 Million. In the results of the study, the risk classification was defined in the framework of building, block, street, neighborhood, and district scales.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.918-928
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• 2024

Objective: The adulteration of raw beef (BMr) with dog meat (DMr) and pork (PMr) becomes a serious problem because it is associated with halal status, quality, and safety of meats. This research aimed to develop an effective authentication method to detect non-halal meats (dog meat and pork) in beef using metabolomics approach. Methods: Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using untargeted approach combined with chemometrics was applied for analysis non-halal meats in BMr. Results: The untargeted metabolomics approach successfully identified various metabolites in BMr DMr, PMr, and their mixtures. The discrimination and classification between authentic BMr and those adulterated with DMr and PMr were successfully determined using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. All BMr samples containing non-halal meats could be differentiated from authentic BMr. A number of discriminating metabolites with potential as biomarkers to discriminate BMr in the mixtures with DMr and PMr could be identified from the analysis of variable importance for projection value. Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression using discriminating metabolites showed high accuracy (R² >0.990) and high precision (both RMSEC and RMSEE <5%) in predicting the concentration of DMr and PMr present in beef indicating that the discriminating metabolites were good predictors. The developed untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics successfully identified non-halal meats adulteration (DMr and PMr) in beef with high sensitivity up to 0.1% (w/w). Conclusion: A combination of LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomic and chemometrics promises to be an effective analytical technique for halal authenticity testing of meats. This method could be further standardized and proposed as a method for halal authentication of meats.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2017

Anabolic steroids have similar structures to testosterone, both of which promote the growth of muscle mass and increase strength. However, the side effects of anabolic steroid use may lead to heart attacks or strokes. Additionally, the excessive use of steroids inhibits the production of the sex hormones in the body via a negative feedback loop, which results in testicular atrophy in males and amenorrhea in females. Currently, the method of choice used to test for the presence of anabolic steroids is GC-MS. However, GC-MS methods require chemical derivatization of the steroid sample to ensure compatibility with the analytical method; therefore, analysis of many different samples is difficult and time consuming. Unlike GC-MS, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) method is suitable for many samples. Twenty-two different anabolic steroids were analyzed by LC-Q-TOF-MS with various collision energies (CE). Accurate mass spectral data were obtained using a Q-TOF-MS equipped with an electro-spray ionization source and operated in the positive MS/MS mode for several classes of steroids that are often the targets of testing. Based on the collected data, fragmentation pathways were carefully elucidated. The high selectivity and sensitivity of the LC-Q-TOF-MS instrument combined with these fragmentation pathways offers a new approach for the rapid and accurate screening of anabolic steroids. The obtained data from the 22 different anabolic steroids will be shared with the scientific community in order to establish a library to aid in the screening of illegal anabolic steroids.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Estimation of the buckling and ultimate strength of a continuous stiffened plate subjected to combined transverse compression and lateral pressure is of high importance to ensure the safety of ship structures, particularly for the bottom plating under a deep draft condition For example, bottom plating of bulk carriers is subjected to transverse thrust caused by the bending of double bottom structure and the direct action of pressure on the side shells. Most of experimental tests, theoretical approach and numerical researches have been performed on the buckling and ultimate strength behaviour of plates or stiffened plates under combined compression and lateral pressure. With regard to stiffened panels, however, most of studies have been concerned with the load conditions of combined longitudinal thrust and lateral pressure, while fewer studies have been performed for the combined transverse thrust and lateral pressure. In addition, the previous researches are mainly concerned with an isolated rectangular plate simply supported along the all edges, whereas actual ship plating is continuous across the transverse frames and heavy girders. In the present paper, a series of elastoplastic large deflection FEA on a continuous stiffened plate is performed and then clarify the characteristic of collapse mode and explain the effect of transverse compression.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Pesticides concentration was monitored in 50 agricultural lakes, and ecological risk for aquatic organism was assessed using risk quotient (RQ) and probabilistic methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pesticides concentrations detected in 50 agricultural lakes during peak season (June and September) were in the range of $0.17{\sim}0.99{\mu}g/L$. The RQ for algae and the other species was estimated to be 0.25 and below 0.01, indicating medium risk and no risk. Oxadiazon predominantly contributed to RQ value of 99% for algae, fishes, and amphibians. In terms of hazardous concentration at 5% of species ($HC_5$), ecological risk quotients (ERQ) for oxadiazon ranged from 0.18~0.33, showing a medium risk level. Overall, the concentrations of pesticides were much lower than $HC_5$), value. Probability of combined ecological risk for pesticides ranged from 1.82% to 2.41%. CONCLUSION(s): Combined ecological risk probability did not exceed the acceptable level of 5%, indicating no ecological risk for selected aquatic species. This study suggests that regular ecological risk assessment (ERA) will be required to protect and manage an agricultural lake. Not only ERA at screening level by comparing exposure with toxic effects for aquatic species also advanced ERA technique considering species in indigenous to Korea, chronic toxicity, pulse dose, fate, and environmental factors should be required.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.723-738
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• 2017

Rock is a heterogeneous material, which introduces complexity in the analysis of rock slopes, since both the existing discontinuities within the rock mass and the intact rock contribute to the degradation of strength. Rock failure is often catastrophic due to the brittle nature of the material, involving the sliding along structural planes and the fracturing of rock bridge. This paper proposes an advanced discretization method of rock mass based on block theory. An in-house software, GeoSMA-3D, has been developed to generate the discrete fracture network (DFN) model, considering both measured and artificial joints. Measured joints are obtained from the photogrammetry analysis on the excavation face. Statistical tools then facilitate to derive artificial joints within the rock mass. Key blocks are searched to provide guidance on potential reinforcement measures. The discretized blocky system is subsequently implemented into a discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) code. Strength reduction technique is employed to analyze the stability of the slope, where the factor of safety can be obtained once excessive deformation of slope profile is observed. The combined analysis approach also provides the failure mode, which can be used to guide the choice of strengthening strategy if needed. Finally, an illustrated example is presented for the analysis of a rock slope of 20 m height inclined at $60^{\circ}$ using combined GeoSMA-3D and DDA calculation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.919-929
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• 2014

In recent, the requirements for the safety to the effects of high power electromagnetic wave have been increased along with the development of electricity and electronic equipments. The small sized electronic devices and the various components have been analyzed by using the full-EM simulation and solving a complete set of Maxwell equation. However, the deterministic approach has a drawback and much limitation in the electromagnetic analysis of an electrically large cavity with a high complexity of the structure. In this paper, statistical theory and topological modeling method are combined to analyze the large cavity with a complex structure. In particular, the PWB(Power Balance) method and BLT(Baum-Liu-Tesche) equation are combined and employed to solve the frequency response to the large-scaled cavity with remarkably reduced time-consumption. For instance, a PCB substrate inside box of box are considered as a large structure with a complexity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 2015

This study presents modified microfluidic picoinjector combined Faraday moat with silver nanoparticle electrode to increase electrical efficiency and fabrication yield. We perform simple dropping procedure of silver nanoparticles near the picoinjection channel, which solve complicate fabrication process of electrode deposition onto the microfluidic picoinjector. Based on this approach, the microfluidic picoinjector can be reliably operated at 180 V while conventional Faraday moat usually have performed above 260 V. Thus, we can reduce the operation voltage and increase safety. Furthermore, the microfluidic picoinjector is able to precisely control injection volume from 7.5 pL to 27.5 pL. We believe that the microfluidic picoinjector will be useful platform for microchemical reaction, biological assay, drug screening, cell culture device, and toxicology.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.486-493
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• 2023

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is a global plant virus that poses a threat to the production and quality of legume crops. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective managing CPMMV outbreaks. With the advancement in isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow strips technologies, more rapid and sensitive methods have become available for detecting this pathogen. In this study, we have developed a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips (RT-RPA-LFS) method for the detection of CPMMV, specifically targeting the CPMMV coat protein (CP) gene. The RT-RPA-LFS assay only requires 20 min at 40℃ and demonstrates high specificity. Its detection limit was 10 copies/µl, which is approximately up to 100 times more sensitive than RT-PCR on agarose gel electrophoresis. The developed RT-RPA-LFS method offers a rapid, convenient, and sensitive approach for field detection of CPMMV, which contribute to controlling the spread of the virus.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2020

A systematic approach to assess the safety of corrugated steel plate structures has not been established yet. Therefore, an improved safety assessment procedure was proposed in this study by considering the characteristics of corrugated steel plate structures in which the dead load of backfill soil is dominant and the live load effect is minimized. The proposed procedure can consider the combined effect of axial force and bending moment on the safety, based on the Soil-Culvert Interaction (SCI) method, and can differentiate the maintenance scheme according to the calculated plasticity index. There is also an advantage in enhancing the accuracy of assessment, utilizing the measured displacements. Furthermore, improved methods were proposed by discussing various ways for reasonably improving the proposed assessment procedure. The safety of an actual structure and a full-scale test specimen was assessed by applying the proposed procedure. The conventional assessment procedure significantly overestimated the load-carrying capacity, whereas the proposed procedure resulted in a reasonable level of safety. Therefore, the procedure proposed in this study is expected to contribute to the establishment of proper maintenance plan such as the quantitative condition assessment and strengthening of corrugated steel plate structure.