• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

It is well known that concentration of C-reactive protein(CRP) in the serum increase as nonspecific reaction of the various tissue injury. The CRP, synthesized in the hepatocyte, is one of 'acute phase proteins' in the serum. The main signal patterns of this protein are regulated by synthesis of interleukin-I secreted from macrophage in the area of tissue injury. Many studies were performed for quantitative analysis for CRP according to various surgical operation, but the study for fracture patients associated with trauma, especially in mandible, are rare. The mandible fracture have intrinsic danger for infection in oral bacteria associated with open wound in oral cavity, and, are difficult for detection of tissue reaction between surgical swelling and infection by facial swelling. In this study, quantitative analysis for CRP associated tissue injury in mandibular fracture and surgical intervention was done, the results were as follows: 1. After initial mandibular trauma, the value of serum CRP diminished sequentially, most high value was presented in post-traumatic 2 days. 2. The CRP was diminished significantly 2 days after surgical intervention, and maintained normal value in 5 days after surgery. 3. The change of CRP are higher value in surgical intervention than initial trauma, it suggested that tissue injury from surgery was severe than trauma. 4. The high value of CRP was obtained in mandibular fracture combined soft tissue injury than no associated soft tissue injury. 5. In measurement of CRP according to surgical approach, highest serum value in patients of combined intra-oral and extra-oral approach was showed, and intra-oral approach, extra-oral approach, in sequential orders. 6. The CRP value are more higher in patient of 2 fracture site than only one fracture site. From the results obtained in this study, CRP has showed different values in mandibular fracture associated with severity of tissue injury and surgical intervention, and quantitative analysis of CRP value in serum can be applied to the clinical management of mandibular fracture.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-53
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• 2017

The UK Government's approach to how to deliver regeneration in its towns and cities has changed considerably in recent years. Traditionally, urban regeneration policy focused on reversing physical, economic and social decline in an area where market forces would not do this without intervention. Since 2010 urban regeneration has become a vital part of the Government's approach to increasing local growth and competitiveness and building a strong and balanced economy. The current emphasis is on a place-based approach to regeneration that builds on the particular strengths of different places to drive growth and addresses the factors that hold them back. This paper outlines the key features of current UK urban regeneration policy and how interventions to support regeneration and growth are being pursued at different spatial scales to ensure all parts of the country benefit. They include pan regional initiatives like the Northern Powerhouse and Midlands Way, to groups of local authorities operating at a sub regional level (combined authorities/city regions), Local Enterprise Partnerships, and a variety of smaller scale programmes delivering regeneration in areas of economic and social decline. The paper explains some of the policy instruments and funding programmes available to support regeneration, and provides case studies of some major urban regeneration projects that illustrate the new approach including housing and infrastructure improvements like the planned High Speed Rail 2 line. These are supporting regeneration through the creation of strategic partnerships involving government, places and investors. The paper concludes with some lessons from past and future regeneration schemes to improve their effectiveness and impact on places and enhance local growth potential.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a well-recognized congenital heart disease. Despite improvements in the outcomes of surgical repair, the optimal timing of surgery and type of surgical management of patients with TOF remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes following the repair of TOF in infants depending on the surgical procedure used. Methods: This study involved the retrospective review of 120 patients who underwent TOF repair between 2010 and 2013. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the surgical procedure that they underwent. Corrective surgery was done via the transventricular approach (n=40), the transatrial approach (n=40), or a combined atrioventricular approach (n=40). Demographic data and the outcomes of the surgical procedures were compared among the groups. Results: In the atrioventricular group, the incidence of the following complications was found to be significantly lower than in the other groups: complete heart block (p=0.034), right ventricular failure (p=0.027) and mediastinal bleeding (p=0.007). Patients in the atrioventricular group had a better postoperative right ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed among the three surgical groups in the occurrence of tachycardia, renal failure, and tricuspid incompetence. The one-year survival rates in the three groups were 95%, 90%, and 97.5%, respectively (p=0.395). Conclusion: Combined atrioventricular repair of TOF in infancy can be safely performed, with acceptable surgical risk, a low incidence of reoperation, good ventricular function outcomes, and an excellent survival rate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2019

This paper presents the second part of the modeling for the strap combined footings, this part shows a mathematical model for design of strap combined footings subject to axial load and moments in two directions to each column considering the soil real pressure acting on the contact surface of the footing for one and/or two property lines of sides opposite restricted, the pressure is presented in terms of an axial load, moment around the axis "X" and moment around the axis "Y" to each column, and the methodology is developed using the principle that the derived of the moment is the shear force. The first part shows the optimal contact surface for the strap combined footings to obtain the most economical dimensioning on the soil (optimal area). The classic model considers an axial load and a moment around the axis "X" (transverse axis) applied to each column, i.e., the resultant force from the applied loads is located on the axis "Y" (longitudinal axis), and its position must match with the geometric center of the footing, and when the axial load and moments in two directions are presented, the maximum pressure and uniform applied throughout the contact surface of the footing is considered the same. A numerical example is presented to obtain the design of strap combined footings subject to an axial load and moments in two directions applied to each column. The mathematical approach suggested in this paper produces results that have a tangible accuracy for all problems and it can also be used for rectangular and T-shaped combined footings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2006

Purpose: For hypertrophic scars and keloids no universally effective treatment modality exists. Surgical revision, intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel sheeting, pressure, laser, and others have been used with variable success, but many treatments are associated with high recurrence rates. Although optimal treatment remains undefined, successful treatment can be obtained through a combined therapeutic approach. Methods: We used three therapeutic modalities in combination, which are intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide, silicone gel sheeting, and 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser. Fifty-eight cases of hypertrophic or keloid scar were treated by combined therapeutic regimen for mean period of 18 months. The changes of thickness, color, and pliability of scars were evaluated with clinical photographs by grading scale. Results: As summing the grades and categorizing the result into three group, we obtained 28% good, 67% fair, and 5% poor results. There was a desirable improvement of scars with insignificant adverse effects. Conclusion: Combination of intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel sheeting, and pulsed dye laser can lead to successful treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.305-316
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• 1997

A more efficient method for obtaining the fatigue life enhancement of a structure member with fastener holes is described. It is based on the combined process of cold-expansion and ring-indentation. Residual stresses were induced onto premachined holes using ring-indentation process near the fastener hole combined with cold-expansion. And residual stresses at the vicinity of a hole were evaluated using a fracture mechanics approach. The compressive residual stresses were larger using the combined process than is in the case of simple cold-expansion. Fatigue testing of aluminum specimens showed that the fatigue crack growth retardation emanating from a circular hole was greater for the combined process than for a simple cold-expansion alone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2006

The current authors performed two-stage ear reconstruction of microtia using autogenous costal cartilage combined with canaloplasty of the acoustic meatus in a team approach. In the first stage, lobule transposition, fabrication of the cartilage framework, and implantation of the framework were peformed. In the second stage, elevation of the auricle, cartilage graft for posterior auricular sulcus, coverage with the mastoid fascia flap and skin graft, and concha excavation were performed. The canaloplasty was combined simultaneously in patients with radiologic and audiometric evidence of cochlear function in the second stage. A total of 36 consecutive patients with congenital microtia were treated from 1998 to 2003. Among them, 27 patients(male: 18, female: 9) ranging from 7 to 43 years old were combined with canaloplasty. The follow-up period was one year to 5 years. Thirteen patients exhibited improved hearing over 30 dB PTA(pure tone average), 9 patients below 30 dB, and 5 patients with no improvement. Complications related to the canaloplasty were chronic drainages of the auditory meatus and meatal stenosis. Lobule type deformity combined with the canaloplasty showed higher complications than concha type. Therefore, in the lobule type, meticulous manipulation is necessary to reduce complications after the canaloplasty.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.507-517
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education among nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group, pre-posttest design was used. The experimental group (n=36) received problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Control group (n=34) only received instructor-centered lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Data were analyzed using the $x^2$ test, the Fisher exact test, and the independent t-test with SPSS for Windows version 21.0. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group reported increased learning motivation (t=2.70, p=.009), problem-solving ability (t=2.25, p=.028), academic self-efficacy (t=4.76, p<.001), self-learning ability (t=2.78, p<.001), and leadership (t=2.78, p=.007) relative to the control group. Conclusion: Team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures was found to be an effective approach for increasing the learning motivation, problem-solving ability, academic self-efficacy, self-learning ability, and leadership of nursing students.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.200.1-200
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2005

A specific FUS-MRI platform was designed for breast cancer treatment. phased array technologies, sideways FUS transmission, and spatio-temporal temperature control in the complete region of interest, were combined for a novel therapy approach with enhanced safety and afficacy. A phase I clinical trial will start soon.