• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.78-83
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• 2007

The colors have a close to our life and there are many color names derived from plants in Japan. This study aimed to analyze relationship people and plants and investigated what the images of colors derived from plants related to the color names. Surveys on color images of abstract and concrete were conducted with adults who lived in the metropolitan area and in urban areas. The subjects were surveyed about images of similar colors derived from plants(3 type of similar two colors; pink, green and yellow) and asked to select a pair of color names(momo or pink, midori or green, yamabuki or lemon) corresponding to the color. The subjects were simultaneously presented with two similar colors and asked to give their perceptions of each color against 13 polar opposite pairs of terms or phrases using a Semantic Differential Scale, and asked to select the number of the 16 items concerned with life such as clothes and food. With the pink colors, many subjects did not feel opposite abstract images between these two similar colors and felt the same concrete images such as 'cosmetics' and 'clothes', and these color names such as momo and pink are confused. With the green colors and the yellow colors, many subjects felt opposite abstract images between these two similar colors such as 'natural - artificial' and 'rural - urban' and different concrete images such as 'plants' and 'plastics', and these two similar colors are distinguished by the color names such as 'midori - green' and 'yamabuki - lemon'. The results revealed that there are two patterns in the relationship colors derived from plants, color images and color names. In the pattern which images of colors derived from plants are connected with artificial things irrelevant to plants, the color names corresponding to the two similar colors are confused. On the other hand, in the pattern which images of colors derived from plants are connected with plants and artificial things, the two similar colors are distinguished by their color names. So demographics influenced the images of color, younger subjects compared with older tend to obviously distinguish images of colors derived from plants, and there are images of color influenced by the environment as a child. In both patterns, images of colors derived from plants are influenced by artificial things and natural colors are limited among many people. These results indicate that there are a few opportunities to see colors of plants which are full of variety. These results suggest that it is necessary to recognize colors derived from plants in relation to plants and to educate regarding the nature of plants, therefore landscape architecture focused on colors of plants is required.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

Protoplasts isolated from inbred lines of Brassica oleracea L. var capitata (cabbage) and Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) were fused by PEG-mediated method, and somatic hybrid cells were differentiated into plants. for the identification of somatic hybrid plants, ploidy level, plant morphology, and cytological analysis were performed. All of the regenerated plants derived from fused protoplasts were shown to be 2X-4X, or higher ploidy level, presumably due to somatic hybridization or chromosome doubling. The morphology of leaves, petioles, and flowers showed an intermediate phenotype between Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Chromosome numbers in these somatic hybrids ranged mostly from 33 to 38. According to Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) pattern, signals from both fusion parents of B.campestris or B.oleracea were detected in different colors when chromosomes of putative somatic hybrids were observed.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2009

Lilium lancifolium, which is one of the Korean native lilies, possesses several useful genetic characteristics such as growth vigor, bulbil formation and resistance to Fusarium. Hybridization was performed to insert useful traits of Asiatic hybrid "Dreamland" as the male parent with upward direction and dark brown spotless on the petal into L. lancifolium as the female parent. The rate of pollen germination of L. lancifolium and "Dreamland" were 30% and 60%, respectively. The pollen germination ratio of $F_1$ progenies at flowering date was 25-57%, which is between the parents'pollen germination ratio. The individual flowering time was between 113 days and 131 days after planting. Of 99% of all plants, the leaf shape index was more than five, which means that the leaf shape of $F_1$ plants is more influenced by female than male parent. The flower color was separated into four types. 51.5% of the progenies showed orange and 44.2% showed light orange, respectively. The colors seemed to be highly influenced by female parents. Mixed colors of parents, orange yellow and light yellow orange, were 3.1%, 1.2%, respectively. Flowering directions were segregated by three different ways, upside, side, and downside. Side direction, which is medium type between female and male parent, was 73%. All progenies showed lots of spot on petals except one offspring. The percentage of bulbil formation on leaf axil was 49.4%. Among those, the maximum number of bulbil formation was 25. The mean number of bulbil formation per plant was five.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2009

The stability of three different kinds of pUC-derived plasmids, pDsRed, pZsYellow, and pGFPuv, was investigated in Pectobacterium strains to utilize those plasmids as tracers. All three plasmids pDsRed, pZsYellow and pGFPuv showed their specific colors in Pectobacterium strains. Especially, the plasmid pDsRed conferred bright pink colonies on the Pectobacterium strains. When the bacteria lost the plasmid pDsRed, the colonies turned white, suggesting that the plasmid could be a good marker system for Pectobacterium strains on different environmental conditions. The effect of the antibiotic pressure on the stability of the plasmid was different depending on the host bacteria. P. carotovorum subsp. betavasculorum was more sensitive to the antibiotic pressure than P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21. However, temperature change significantly affected plasmid stability on both Pectobacterium strains. Almost all strains lost the plasmids with the shift in temperature from $28^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$. Presence of the plasmids did not affect bacterial pathogenicity on their own host plants. Among three plasmids, pZsYellow was not useful as a marker because the yellow fluorescent proteins from pZs Yellow were interfered with the yellow natural fluorescence of the plant tissues induced by the defense system. Since the red color of DsRed can be seen with naked eyes, plasmid pDsRed was applicable as a marker. However, the color change was slow so that additional manipulation to increase the expression speed was necessary. Plasmid pGFPuv could serve as a perfect marker without any problem, tracing the reproduction and spread of the plant pathogens perfectly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to reveal the tendency of planting design through the analysis of the planting of designer's gardens in the Suncheon Bay National Garden and to derive implications for future garden planting designs. The results of the study are as follows: First, the results of the study show that the practice of tree-based planting is still valid. Large growing trees such as 'Pinus densiflrora', 'Celtis sinensis', 'Zelkova serrata', 'Machilus thunbergii', 'Pinus strobus' overwhelmed the size of the designer's garden(150 to 390㎡). Second, the selection of trees tended to be made considering the designer's intention and the decorative effects rather than by considering the physiological and ecological conditions of the site. Third, among the herbaceous, the rate of the planting of perennials was high. Fourth, the flowering period of planted herbaceous was the most common in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. Fifth, the frequency color of the planted herbaceous was the most common in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. Fifth, in terms of flower color frequency, the most common was the yellow-series, followed by red-series, blue-series Sixth, average height herbaceous plants(20~60cm) were planted the most(47.4%). Seventh, structural plants that determined the garden's framework depended on trees, and the focal plants mainly utilized were evergreen trees, and the midrange plants were the planted herbaceous plants. The implications derived from the above findings are as follows: First, to ensure the garden's quality and sustainability, the selection of trees should be carefully considered, not considering only the artist's intention but also taking into account the physical and ecological conditions. Second, herbaceous plants can be used in various ways― the garden's focal plants, midrange plants, and ground covers, so more active herbaceous planting needs to be considered. Third, in consideration of the winter landscape, herbaceous planting using characteristics, such as fruits and stems, as well as flower colors should be considered. Fourth, blue and black color herbaceous plants have a noticeable effect even in a small amount, so it is necessary to plant them actively. Fifth, for the design of herbaceous planting, where the individual property of plants can be expressed, the design method should be considered.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.461-471
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• 2016

This study was conducted to establish an in vitro propagation system for sea-milkwort (Glaux maritima L.), which is an endangered coastal plant species with high horticultural value. Two phenotypes, 'Red type (RT)' and 'Pistachio type (PT)' based on the colors of stem and flower, were obtained from a personal horticulturist in 2009 and used for this study as plant materials. The stock plants showed typical morphologies in flower, capsule, and seed appearances as previously reported. Low temperature treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ for four or more weeks after in vitro sowing maximized seed germination percentage, indicating that imbibition of seed and subsequent low temperature treatment are crucial for its germination. The in vitro seedlings had phenotypic variation, falling into 'RT' and 'PT' classes like the stock plants. Although slight differences depending on genotype and medium were recognized, the fourth or fifth nodes detached from the in vitro seedlings revealed the best multiplication efficacy when estimated on the basis of total number of nodes of newly developed axillary shoots. In addition, the nodes from 'RT' and 'PT' regenerated the most shoots on medium supplemented with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA alone and $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA plus $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA, respectively. The node culture-derived plantlets were well acclimatized in a culture room ex vitro and completed the pseudo-annual life cycle coincident with that in the natural salt march habitat with the current cultivation method of applying fresh water-irrigation under an inland environment. This work represents the first report of in vitro propagation of sea-milkwort. Thus, our study will contribute to exo-habitat conservation and natural habitat restoration of this endangered species in addition to development of a horticultural product.