• Title/Summary/Keyword: Color-Sugar Contents

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Nutritional Characteristics of Pigmented Rice (유색미의 영양학적 특성)

  • Lee, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Young-Mo;Park, Jung-Suk;Na, Hwan-Sik
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.235-242
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    • 2012
  • The excellence of pigmented rice with respect to its nutritional composition was proven and the physicochemical properties of five kinds of rice (Jindo black rice, Jindo jeongmi, Boseong black rice, red rice, and green rice) were compared. The crude protein content of black rice harvested in Boseong (10.15%) were higher than that of the other varieties. The crude fat contents of pigmented rice (black, red, and green) were higher than those of polished rice (Jindo-jeongmi and black rice). Boseong black rice had the highest crude fat content. The major free sugar types in the rice varieties were maltose and glucose. The major mineral contents of the unpolished rice (pigmented rice) varieties were as follows: of P, 361.32~570.11 mg%; K, 196.63~210.04 mg%; Mg, 104.11~128.02 mg%; Na, 2.49~8.14 mg%; and Ca, 12.10~16.82 mg%. The major fatty acids in the five kinds of rice were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The fatty acid contents of the rice varieties did not differ significantly. The black rice (Boseong) had a higher amino acid content than the other varieties. The hunter color values of rice varieties were affected by the colors of tha samples. The L (lightness) value of black rice (Jindo, Boseong) was lower than that of the other samples. The thiamine and riboflavin contents of the red rice (0.48 mg/100 g and 0.14 mg/100 g, respectively) were higher than those of the other varieties (thiamine: 0.36~0.24 mg/100 g and riboflavin: 0.09~0.06 mg/100 g). The hardness of the rice varieties differed significantly (10.75~14.64 kg).

Physicochemical Characteristics of Traditional Fermented Soybean Products Manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region (순창 고추장민속마을에서 생산한 전통 장류의 이화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Jong-Wook;Kim, Yong-Suk;Jeong, Pyeong-Hwa;Kim, Hyung-Eun;Shin, Dong-Hwa
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2006
  • For standardization of quality of traditional fermented soybean products manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region, the physicochemical characteristics of 28 Kochujang, 28 Doenjang, and 18 Chunggukjang were compared. Moisture contents of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Chunggukjang were $46.9{\pm}3.6,\;60.6{\pm}1.9,\;and\;57.0{\pm}3.10%$, respectively. On the basis of average moisture contents, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents were calculated to $6.2{\pm}0.7,\;2.0{\pm}0.5,\;and\;8.2{\pm}1.1%$ in Kochujang, $13.2{\pm}1.0,\;7.1{\pm}0.6,\;and\;15.2{\pm}1.5%$ in Doenjang, and $18.9{\pm}1.2,\;6.1{\pm}1.4,\;and\;5.1{\pm}1.7%$ in Chunggukjang, respectively. Reducing sugar, salinity, and water activities in Kochujang were $19.25{\pm}4.1%,\;7.3{\pm}1.1%,\;and\;0.790{\pm}0.003$, in Doenjang were $2.38{\pm}0.89%,\;14.2{\pm}1.4%,\;and\;0.835{\pm}0.020$, and in Chunggukjang were $0.51{\pm}0.24%,\;4.2{\pm}1.6%,\;and\;0.962{\pm}0.028$, respectively. Amino-type nitrogen contents, which affects delicate flavors of fermented soybean products, of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Chunggukjang were $114.03{\pm}19.04,\;734.32{\pm}147.70,\;and\;600{\pm}150mg%$, respectively. Lightness (l), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values in color of Kochujang were $14.49{\pm}1.44,\;15.45{\pm}1.77,\;and\;8.34{\pm}1.02$, respectively, and the redness was lower than that of other ones. Those of Doenjang were $26.69{\pm}4.33,\;7.25{\pm}1.03,\;and\;12.02{\pm}1.82$, respectively, and those of Chunggukjang were $35.62{\pm}2.05,\;6.31{\pm}0.37,\;and\;13.50{\pm}0.78$, respectively. These results indicate that the salt concentration and quality of traditional fermented soybean products manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang region must be lowered and standardized, respectively.

The Development of Traditional Korean Fermented Liquor Made from Acanthopanax chilsanensis (지리오갈피를 첨가한 전통 발효주의 개발)

  • Kim, Myung-Suk;Lee, Sang-Won
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the traditional Korean fermented liquor of Acanthopanax chilsanensis in order to promote its consumption and develop local products. The ethanol contents of the traditional Korean fermented liquors, which contained the root, stem and fruit of Acanthopanax chilsanensis with 10% rice for 13 days at $25^{\circ}C$, were $14.7{\pm}0.7%$, $15.3{\pm}0.9%$, and $15.5{\pm}0.7%$ respectively. The pH of the fermented broth was pH 3.9~pH 4.4 and the total acid was 0.72~0.75%. The total sugar content was abruptly decreased after 24 hr of fermentation, on the 13th day, to 7.1 from 7.5%. The total free amino acids were 7,045.01 mg/l in the test group containing stems. This was higher than in the test group containing the root and fruit of Acanthopanax chilsanensis. The acanthoside-D was 35.42 ppm and 18.91 ppm in the traditional Korean fermented liquor made from 10% root and fruit, but 57.06 ppm in the one made from stem. In the traditional Korean fermented liquor made from root and stem, the L value (lightness), $\underline{a}$ value (redness), and $\underline{b}$ value (yellowness) are all similar and the liquor appeared to be the same color; however, in the fermented liquor made from fruit, L was low and $\underline{a}$ was high, which made the liquor appear more red.

Quality Characteristics of Jelly Containing Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Juice (아로니아 과즙 첨가량에 따른 젤리의 품질특성)

  • Hwang, Eun-Sun;Thi, Nhuan Do
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.738-743
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of jelly prepared with different amounts of aronia juice. Aronia juice was incorporated into jelly at concentrations of 3, 6, and 9%, based on the total weight of water. While the total water content of the jelly in different groups was not significantly different, the sugar content significantly increased with increasing levels of aronia juice. In the chromaticity measurements, $L^*$ and $b^*$ values decreased, whereas the $a^*$ values increased with increasing levels of aronia juice in the jelly. Further, the hardness and chewiness of jelly increased with increasing amounts of aronia juice. On the other hand, resilience, cohesiveness, and gumminess of the jelly were nearly similar for the control and samples treated with aronia juice. The total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin contents increased proportionally with increasing levels of aronia juice. In addition, the antioxidant activity measured in terms of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of the jelly extracts were significantly higher for the samples containing aronia juice compared to the control and increased proportionally with increasing concentrations of aronia juice. In the sensory evaluation, the sample containing 6% aronia juice was perceived to have the best color, taste, texture, chewiness, flavor, and overall acceptance. These results suggest that aronia juice may be a useful ingredient in jelly for improving its quality as well as sensory and antioxidant potential.

Effect of Ecklonia cava on the Quality Kimchi during Fermentation (감태 첨가가 배추김치의 숙성 중 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hyun-Ah;Song, Yeong-Ok;Jang, Mi-Soon;Han, Ji-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2013
  • To improve kimchi qualities, Ecklonia (E.) cava of 5%, 15% or 25% were added and the qualities investigated by measuring changes in physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics during fermentation at $5^{\circ}C$. The pH of kimchi with E. cava added decreased and acidity increased. The number of Leuconostoc sp. in kimchi reached its maximum at the optimum fermenting stage, the $16^{th}$ day in control kimchi and the $20^{th}$ day in the kimchi added E. cava. The optimum fermenting stage of the kimchi was retarded due to adding the E. cava. The reducing sugar contents was highest in kimchi with 25% E. cava during the early stage of fermentation. According to Hunter's color values, the lightness of the kimchi with E. cava added decreased during fermentation, while the redness increased as fermentation proceeded. The sensory scores for overall acceptance, taste, texture and appearance were highest in kimchi with 15% E. cava.

Fermentation Characteristics of Low Salted Kochujang Prepared with Mixture of Sub-materials (부원료를 혼합 첨가한 저식염 고추장의 발효 특성)

  • Kim, Dong-Han
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.449-455
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    • 2005
  • To reduce saft content of kochujang, various combinations of sub-materials such as ethanol mustard and chitosan were added to kochujang, and their effects on microbial characteristics, enzyme activities, and physicochemical characteristics of kochujang were investigated after 12 weeks of fermentation. Activities of ${\beta}$-amylase and pretense were low in ethanol-mustard-chitosan-added kochujang, whereas no significant difference was observed in ${\alpha$-amylase activity among all groups. Number of viable yeast cells decreased remarkably in mustard-added kochujang during late aging period, and anaerobic bacterial counts decreased in sub-material-added groups. Consistency of kochujang increased by addition of sub-materials, and oxidation-reduction potential was low in chitosan-added group. Mustard-chitosan-added kochujang showed lowest increase in total color difference(${\Dalta}E$) and decrease in water activity. PH of kochujang wns highest in mustard-chitosan-added kochujang, resulting in significantly increased titratable acidity. Addition of sub-material increased reducing sugar contents of kochujang, whereas ethanol production was significantly repressed in mustard-chitosan-added kochujang. Amino nitrogen content was Highest in mustard-chitosan-added kochujang during late aging period, whereas ammonia nitrogen content was lower in ethanol-mustard-added kochujang. Results of sensory evaluation indicated ethanol-mustard-added kochujang was more acceptable than other groups in taste and overall acceptability.

Changes in Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Leaves by Roasting Treatment (덖음처리에 의한 민들레 잎의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 변화)

  • Choi, Hee-Don;Koh, Yoon-Jeoung;Kim, Yun-Sook;Choi, In-Wook;Cha, Dong-Su
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.515-520
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    • 2007
  • To establish the roasting conditions of dandelion leaves for the manufacture of processed foods such as beverages and tea, we investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of dandelion leaves and their hot water extracts by roasting treatment. As the number of roasting times increased, the free sugar content of the roasted dandelion leaves decreased, and in particular, free amino acid and total polyphenol content decreased greatly after only 1 roasting treatment. The amino nitrogen and total polyphenol contents of the roasted dandelion leaf hot water extracts also decreased greatly, and their L-, a-, and b-values showed much lower values than those of the raw leaf extracts. However, a greater amount of reducing sugars was extracted in the roasted leaves than in the raw leaves, suggesting that the roasting process allows for easier extraction of the compounds in dandelion leaves. Five sensory characteristics, including astringent taste, bitter taste, peen flavor, burnt taste, and sweet odor, were deduced through quantitative descriptive analysis of the hot water extracts. Among them, astringent taste, bitter taste, and green flavor showed significant differences between roasting treatments. The sensory evaluation results show that as the number of roasting times increased, the palatability of the hot water extracts increased greatly, in terms of color and taste.

Characteristics of Mycelial Growth and Fruit Body Development of White Pleurotus ostreatus 'Miso' (흰색느타리버섯 '미소'의 균사배양 및 자실체 생육 특성)

  • Kim, Hong-Kyu;Kim, Yong-Gyun;Lee, Byung-Joo;Lee, Ka-Soon;Yang, Eyu-Seog;Park, Myung-Soo;Yoo, Young-Bok;Kim, Hong-Gi
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.58-62
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    • 2008
  • 'Miso', a new variety of oyster mushroom was developed for the bottle culture at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Its mycelium grew rapidly with $8.4{\sim}8.6\;mm/day $ at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium. The optimum pH of the mycelial growth was pH 5.0. It took 24 days for the primitive primordium formation after inoculation on pine sawdust media mixed with 20% wheat bran. Fruiting body color was white, and the shape of pileus was convex-umbonate. In the bottle culture, the yield was 115.7 g per 850 ml bottle. Stipe length was about 54 mm, the number of stipe per bottle was 18.1, the size of pileus was 28 mm, and gill was crowded. The moisture content of 'Miso' was lower than that of Jangan No.5 and Wonhyeong No.1, and contents of protein, ash and sugar of 'Miso' were higher than those of other varieties, and tannin acid content of 'Miso' was lower than that of others. On the basis of AFLP analysis, the 'Miso' was distinct not only from Wonhyeong No.1, but also from their closest relative, oyster mushrooms.

Preparation of Powdered Dried Sea Mussel and Anchovy for Instant Soup (진주담치 및 마른멸치 분말수우프의 제조)

  • LEE Eung-Ho;HA Jae-Ho;CHA Yong-Jun;OH Kwang-Soo;KWON Chil-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 1984
  • As one trials to utilize sea mussel and anchovy effectively, powdered instant soups were prepared and then their quality stability were examined during storage. Powdered instant soup was made by adding $3\%$ sugar, $20\%$ table salt, $5\%$ monosodium glutamate, $0.2\%$ black pepper and garlic powder to the pulverized dried sea mussel or anchovy. Powdered instant soup products, powderd products, and dried round state sea mussel or anchovy were packed with air in laminated film bag (cellophane/polyester/aluminium foil/polyester: $20{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/7{\mu}m/20{\mu}m,\;13{\times}14cm$). The contents of amino-nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen of these products were showed little significant variations and also water activity and color value (L, a, b) of these products were little changed during storage. Thiobarbituric acid value increased up to 30 days of storage and then decreased slightly. Comparing the quality of powdered-seasoned products with that of dried round state products, there were no significant differences in stability during storage. Judging from the experimental results, the quality of powdered instant soup of sea mussel and anchovy were stable for 100 days at room temperature($25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$).

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Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Steamed Rice for Soong-Neung during Roasting (숭늉제조용 찐백미의 볶음조건에 따른 이화학적 특성변화)

  • Ha, Tae-Youl;Chun, Hyang-Sook;Lee, Chan;Kim, Young-Hee;Han, Ouk
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.171-175
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    • 1999
  • Changes in physicochemical characteristics of steamed rice during roasting were investigated. Steamed rice was roasted at various temperature $(150{\sim}220^{\circ}C)$ for various time $(10{\sim}30min)$. L and b Hunter color values of steamed rice were decreased, but E value was increased by roasting. The water absorption index and the water solubility index were gradually with increasing roasting temperature and time up to $200^{\circ}C$ for 30min, but decreased at $220^{\circ}C$ for 20min. The yield of water extracts from steamed and roasted rice were sharply increased with increasing roasting temperature and time, however, precipitates and turbidity were decreased. The content of reducing sugar was slowly increased up to $200^{\circ}C$ and remarkably increased above it. The contents of amino acids were decreased by roasting. Among them, cystine, lysine and serin were significantly reduced with increasing roasting temperature.

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