• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1853_1854
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• 2009

본 논문은 스네이크 에너지에 칼라분산 성분을 추가함으로써 스네이크 알고리즘을 이용하는 강인한 영상분할기법을 제안한다. 일반적인 스네이크 알고리즘은 영상의 밝기 값만을 고려하여 관심영역을 분할하기 때문에 인접하는 영역과 다른 칼라정보를 갖더라도 인접하는 물체와 유사한 밝기 값을 가지면 영상분할하기 어렵다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 복잡한 배경에서 인접하는 영역과 칼라성분이 다른 관심영역을 효율적으로 분할하기 위해, 기존의 snake 알고리즘에 칼라분산(color variance) 에너지 요소를 추가하였다. 특정 칼라 값을 갖는 물체들이 섞여있는 복잡한 배경 영상들의 실험을 통해 제안하는 칼라분산 기반 확장 스네이크 알고리즘의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2011

본 논문은 기존의 디지털 설진 시스템이 아닌 임베디드 환경에서의 실시간 설진 진단 방법을 제안한다. 임의의 환경에서 얻어낸 이미지에서 혀 영역의 추출과 추출된 영역에서의 혀의 상태를 진단하는데는 많은 어려움이 있다. 다양한 조명환경에서의 영상으로부터 혀 영역을 추출해 내는 방법으로는 ASM을 이용하는 방법이 있는데 이는 검출률이 낮아 정확도가 떨어진다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 ASM과 물체 외곽 정보 복원에 기반을 둔 컬러 분산 스테이크 기법을 사용하여 정확도를 개선하는 방법을 제안한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2737-2753
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• 2013

In this study, we propose a novel salient object detection strategy based on regional contrast and relative spatial compactness. Our algorithm consists of four basic steps. First, we learn color names offline using the probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) model to find the mapping between basic color names and pixel values. The color names can be used for image segmentation and region description. Second, image pixels are assigned to special color names according to their values, forming different color clusters. The saliency measure for every cluster is evaluated by its spatial compactness relative to other clusters rather than by the intra variance of the cluster alone. Third, every cluster is divided into local regions that are described with color name descriptors. The regional contrast is evaluated by computing the color distance between different regions in the entire image. Last, the final saliency map is constructed by incorporating the color cluster's spatial compactness measure and the corresponding regional contrast. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms several existing salient object detection methods with higher precision and better recall rates when evaluated using public datasets.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 1993

This study was performed to obtain optimal conditions for reduction of color in dye wastewaters using coagulation-sedimentation processes with redox reactions. The reduction of color as well as organic matters variation was observed after coagulation-sedimentation processes using FeSO$_4$ $\cdot$ 7H$_2$O and NaOCl. Coagulation-redox reaction was done with the dose of Coagulant and oxidant at various pH values. Redox reaction was done through jar-mixing and aeration. The results of study were as follows: 1. In the coagulation-sedimentation processes using FeSO$_4$ $\cdot$ 7H$_2$O, color reduction was heigher at pH 3. With variance of dosage of FeSO$_4$ $\cdot$ 7H$_2$O, color reduction was higher at 250 mg/l. When coagulation-sedimentation using FeSO$_4$ $\cdot$ 7H$_2$O 250 mg/l was added at pH 3, the reduction of color, COD$_{Mn}$, and COD$_{Cr}$ showed 47.6%, 21.3% and 22.1%, respectively. 2. When NaOCI was added at level of 100 ppm in raw wastewater at pH 3, the reduction of color, COD$_{Mn}$, and COD$_{Cr}$ showed 30.2%, 5.5% and 6.2%, respectively. 3. After coagulation-sedimentation processes by addition of FeSO$_4$ $\cdot$ 7H$_2$O, when NaOCl was added at level of 250 mg/l in supernant, color reduction was 47.8% in aeration and 37.5% in jar-mixing. 4. Color reduction by aeration was higher than that by jar-mixing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1659-1664
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate color patterns of shell and mantle edge pigmentation of a Pacific oyster, C. gigas, and to estimate variance components of the two colors. A sample of 240 F0 oysters was collected from six aquaculture farms in Tongyeong, Korea to measure shell color and mantle edge pigmentation. Among the F0s, male and female individuals with black (white) shell and black (white) mantle edge were selected and mated to generate three F1 full-sib black (white) cross families (N = 265). Two and four F2 cross families (N = 286) were also produced from black and white F1 selected individuals, respectively. Variance component estimates due to residuals and families within color were obtained using SAS PROC VARCOMP procedures to estimate heritability of shell and mantle edge pigmentation. In the F0 generation, about 29% (11%) had black (white) color for both shell and mantle edge. However, in the F1 and F2 black (white) cross families, 75% (67%) and 100% (100%) of oysters had black (white) shell colors, and 59% (23%) and 79% (55%) had black (white) mantle edge, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients between shell and mantle edge color were 0.25, 0.74, and 0.92 in F0, F1, and F2 generations, respectively, indicating that, with generations of selection process, an individual with black (white) shell color is more likely to have black (white) mantle edge pigmentation. This suggests that shell color could be a good indicator trait for mantle edge pigmentation if selection of both the colors is implemented for a couple of generations. Estimates of heritability were 0.41 and 0.77 for shell color and 0.27 and 0.08 for mantle edge pigmentation in the F1 and F2 generations, respectively, indicating that, in general, significant proportions of phenotypic variations for the shell and mantle edge colors are explained by genetic variations between individuals. These results suggest that the two color traits are inheritable and correlated, enabling effective selection on shell and mantle edge color.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1157-1160
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• 2005

The denoising and reconstruction of color images are increasingly studied in the field of computer vision and image processing. Especially, the denoising and reconstruction of color face images are more difficult than those of natural images because of the structural characteristics of human faces as well as the subtleties of color interactions. In this paper, we propose a denoising method based on PCA reconstruction for removing complex color noises on human faces, which is not easy to remove by using vectorial color filters. The proposed method is composed of the following five steps; training of canonical eigenface space using PCA, automatic extracting of face features using active appearance model, relighing of reconstructed color image using bilateral filter, extraction of noise regions using the variance of training data, and reconstruction using partial information of input images (except the noise regions) and blending of the reconstructed image with the original image. Experimental results show that the proposed denosing method efficiently removes complex color noises on input face images.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.117-125
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• 2005

Felt fabric is one of the nonwovens characterized by the entanglement of the constituent fibers, resulting from the application of heat, moisture, and mechanical action to a fibrous web. This method has been applied to the wool fibers for long. As a natural dyestuff, cochineal dyestuff was employed for dyeing felt specimens. The color of the dyed felt was measured using a colorimeter. Along with this, an attempt was made in order to evaluate the variance of the color of the felted specimens having irregular orientation of wool fibers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.617-622
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• 2004

In this work, we suggested the method which improves the efficiency of the face detection algorithm using Pulse-Coupled Neural Network. Face detection algorithm which uses the color information is independent on pose, size and obstruction of a face. But the use of color information encounters some problems arising from skin-tone color in the background, intensity variation within faces, and presence of random noise, and so on. Depending on these conditions, we obtained the mean and variance of the skin-tone colors by experiments. Then we introduce a preprocess that the pixel with a mean value of skin-tone colors has highest level value (255) and the other pixels in the skin-tone region have values between 0 and 255 according to a normal distribution with a variance. This preprocess leads to an easy decision of the linking coefficient of Pulse-Coupled Neural Network.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.31-44
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• 2009

This study aims at clarifying the influence that color, tone, dot size, the combination of area ratios exercise on the harmony in dot necktie, and revealing the harmony differentiation according to the cues of various factors for pattern design. The conclusion is drawn as below, in the result that the cues which can exercise influence on the harmony of dot necktie, was analyzed by 54 stimuli. In the result of analysis of variance in order to clarify the influence which color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio exercise on dot necktie harmony, color and dot size operate appeared to be independent cues which exercise significant influence with main effect. In the result of the harmony difference analysis on color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio combination by multiple comparison, the cyan color in vivid tone was estimated to be most inharmonious in the analysis by color and tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and dot size, the dot size of 0.5cm in cyan was perceived to be most harmonious. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and color area ratio combination, both magenta and cyan were estimated to be positive, regardless of area ratio combination, and particularly, the case that the background was in cyan and the dots were in grey was perceived more harmonious compared to the contrary case. Viewing the harmony difference according to tone and dot sizes, the case when the dot sizes were 0.5cm, was perceived to be most positive, regardless of tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color area ratio combination and tone, the case that the chromatic colors, cyan, magenta, and yellow was used as background, was estimated to be more harmonious, compared to the case that the achromatic color, grey was used as background. Viewing the harmony difference according to dot size and color area ratio combination, in case that the dots were in chromatic color and the background was in grey, the harmony showed difference by dot size, and the case of the dot size of 0.5cm was estimated to be most harmonious.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.11
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substrate color and interface distance on the color adjustment of 2 single-shade composites, Vittra APS Unique and Charisma Diamond One. Materials and Methods: Dual disc-shaped specimens were created using Vittra APS Unique or Charisma Diamond One as the center composite, surrounded by shaded composites (A1 or A3). Color measurements were taken with a spectrophotometer against a gray background, recording the color coordinates in the CIELAB color space. Illumination with a light-correcting device and image acquisition using a polarizing filter-equipped cell phone were performed on specimens over the same background. Image processing software was used to measure the color coordinates in the center and periphery of the inner composite and in the outer composite. The color data were then converted to CIELAB coordinates and adjusted using data from the spectrophotometer. Color differences (ΔE₀₀) between the center/periphery of single-shade and outer composites were calculated, along with color changes in single-shade composites caused by different outer composites. Color differences for the inner composites surrounded by A1 and A3 were also calculated. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that color discrepancies were lowest near the interface and when the outer composite was whiter (A1). Additionally, Charisma Diamond One exhibited better color adjustment ability than Vittra APS Unique. Conclusions: Color discrepancies between the investigated single-shade composites diminished towards the interface with the surrounding composite, particularly when the latter exhibited a lighter shade.