• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

In order to find optimum conditions for somatic embryogenesis from different individual (2-year-old) in Aralia elata were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% gelrite. We also investigated the effect of MS medium salt concentration, BA and ABA on the embryo germination and plant regeneration. While noticeable difference was observed on somatic embryo induction among different individual tree, no apparent difference was seen in both germination and regeneration frequencies. Compared with nonembryogenic calli, embryogenic calli tended to look yellow and/or pale brown in color, slowly growing and soft in their texture. Regardless of BA or ABA treatment, half-strength MS salt medium proved to be better than full strength MS medium in both embryo germination and plant regeneration. Both hypocotyl and cotyledon developments were slightly promoted by adding 0.1 mg/L BA. However, its effect on germination and regeneration seemed inferior to control. ABA treatment on somatic embryos at their torpedo and early cotyledonary stages resulted in poor response in germination and regeneration. Although most regenerated plantlets varied greatly in cotyledon number and shape, they could be developed into normal plants after 4 weeks in culture. More than 95% plantlets were acclimatized in an artificial soil mixture, successfully transplanted to nursery bed and grew normally without any phenotypic abnormalty.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1989

The seventeen barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] accessions, which were collected national-widely in 1986 and selected two times through 1987, were experimented at 1988. To identify the ecological properties of the collected accessions of native barnyardgrass species as a weed, the experiment was conducted with Wagner pots in size of I/500a and under PE film house. 1. Accessions were classified into 5 specific groups in plant type properties by use of data from plant height, number of maximum tillers, erectness, culm length and panicle type, among others. 2. As for species identification, they were clustered into 3 similar groups and 2 individual species by use of data from color, first-glumer type, and erectness. 3. Four groups were identified for elongational properties by plant height of 22 days old seedling, length of culm, panical, leaf length and width, and inter-node and spikelet, among others. 4. Properties on quanititative growth were classified into 4 groups and 1 individual accession corresponding to differential plant height of 22 days old seedling, length of culm, panical, inter-node, leaf-sheath, spikelet, first-glumes length, grain, number of tillers, spike, and grain weight. 5. Due to different daily increasing rate in seedling height, dry weight, number of tillers and ratio in dry weight to plant height, the growth rate properties were clustered into 4 groups and one individual accession. 6. Properties on seedling growth were classified into 4 groups by use of differential date in length and width of first-leaf, plant height, number of tillers, and dry weight of young and medium aged seedling. 7. Responding to heading date, the accessions were classified into 3 groups : temperative sensitive, medium, and short-day length sensitive types, respectively. 8. By integrating of all quanititative and attributable characters, the seventeen accessions were clustered into 4 groups and 2 individual accessions.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and oil containing unsaturated fatty acid supplementation on egg production and quality in laying hens. Two hundred-eighty eight, 36 week old ISA brown commercial layer, were employed in a 5 week feeding trial. Dietary treatments are 1) BO (basal diet + 1% soybean oil + 1% oat), 2) BS (basal diet + 1% safflower oil + 1% oat), 3) BF (basal diet + 1% free fatty acid + 1% oat), 4) CD (basal diet + 1% CLA containing diglyceride + 1% oat), 5) CT (basal diet + 1% CLA containing triglyceride + 1% oat) and 6) CP (basal diet + 1% CLA by-product + 1% soybean oil). For overall period, hen-day egg production was not significant among treatments (P>0.05). Egg shell breaking strength at 3 weeks in CP treatment was significantly lower than BS, BF, CD and CT treatments (P<0.05) and that at 4 weeks in BO and CP treatments was significantly lower than others (P<0.05). Egg shell thickness at 3 and 4 weeks in CP treatment was significantly lower than BS, BF, CD and CT treatments (P<0.05). Egg weight at 3 and 4 weeks in CP treatment was significantly lower than others (P<0.05). Yolk height at 4 weeks in BF and CT treatments was significantly highest compared to BO, CD and CP treatments (P<0.05) and among BO, CD and CP treatments, that in BO and CD treatments was significantly higher than CP treatment (P<0.05). At 4 weeks, yolk color in CP treatment was significantly higher than BO and BS treatments (P<0.05). Haugh unit at 3 and 4 weeks in BO and CP treatments was significantly lower than others (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementing CLA and oil containing unsaturated fatty acid for laying hens improved egg shell breaking strength, egg shell thickness, egg weight, yolk height, yolk color and haugh unit.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the performance, immune response and small intestinal microflora in laying hens. A total of 960 Hy-Line $Brown^{(R)}$ laying hens of 27 wks old, housed in 2 bird cages, were assigned in a completely randomized block design into one of the following 6 dietary treatments: control, antibiotic (6 ppm avilamycine), 0.025% MOS, 0.05% MOS, 0.25% FOS, and 0.5% FOS. Each treatment had 4 replicates of 40 birds and was fed ad libitum for 6 wks under 16 h lighting regimen. There were significant differences among treatments in hen-day and hen-housed egg production. Hen-day egg production in 0.025% MOS was significantly higher than that of control. Hen-housed egg production in antibiotic-treated group was significantly higher compared with control. Egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion were not significantly different among treatments. Egg shell thickness was highest in 0.25% FOS, but was not significantly different among the rest of treatments. There were no significant differences among treatments in egg shell strength, egg shell color, egg yolk color and Haugh unit. IgG concentrations in serum were not significantly different among treatments. On the other hand, IgA concentrations of the treated birds tended to be increased compared with control. Dietary treatments tended to decrease Cl. perfringens and E. coli, and to increase Lactobacillus spp. The result of this experiment showed that dietary supplementation of MOS and FOS in laying hens tended to improve egg production comparable to the supplementation of antibiotics. The level of serum IgA and small intestinal microflora were also significantly affected by the treatments.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of activated charcoal (AC) mixed with wood vinegar on performance and egg quality in laying hens. A total of one hundred ninety two, 56-wk-old Lohmann brown laying hens were divided into four groups, consisting four replicates of 12 birds each and fed one of the four experimental diets containing AC 0%, AC 0.5%, AC 1%, AC 2% for 5 wks. The blood profiles and contents of total lipid and cholesterol, fatty acid profiles in egg yolk were determined. There were no significant differences in laying performance, feed intake and vitelline membrane strength among the treatments. The eggshell breaking strength and Haugh unit were significantly increased in 2% AC group compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Egg yolk index in 2% AC group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control and 0.5% AC group and yolk color was significantly improved by the dietary AC (P<0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and enzyme activities were not influenced by feeding AC. Total lipid of egg yolk in 1 % and 2% AC groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to that of the control, although there was no significant difference in yolk cholesterol. In conclusion, the addition of activated charcoal with wood vinegar in layer diet resulted in improving egg quality by means of enhancing eggshell breaking strength, Haugh unit, yolk index and yolk color.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of graded levels of a herbal recipe(Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$, Herb BIO Co.) supplemented to a commercial layer diet. The Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ is an improved recipe of Herb $Mix^{(R)}$, fortified with Angelica gigas, Discorea japonica and Ligusticum jeholense. A total of 720 layers (Hy-Line Brown) of 45 wks old were assigned to one of six treatments; control, 0.2% Herb $Mix^{(R)}$, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$, and 6 ppm Avilamycin. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 20 birds each housed in 2 birds cages. Birds were fed diets and water ad libitum for 5 weeks. Hen-day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) different among treatments. Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ 0.2% treatment showed the highest egg production followed by Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ 0.3%, Herb $Mix^{(R)}$ 0.2%, Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ 0.1%, Avilamycin 6 ppm and the control. Hen-housed egg production, egg weight, soft and broken egg ration, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, shell strength, shell thickness, shell color index, Haugh unit and yolk color index were not significantly different among treatments. Nor was cfu of Cl. perfringens and E. coli and Lactobacilli in the small intestinal content significantly different among treatments. The number of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, heterophil, lymphocyte, thus heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were not significantly modified. It was concluded that Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ at the level of 0.2% in the layer diet improves laying performance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

Yield and ginsenoside contents of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is affected by light intensity and quality, and the color and the thickness of PE shading net when PE net is utilized for shading material. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of light quality on root yield and ginsenoside contents off-year-old ginseng by using polyethylene shading net with each blue and yellow color, Spectral irradiance under blue and yellow shading net showed the peak at 498 nm and 606 nm, respectively, which made distinct difference in light quality. Heat injury ratio of blue shading net was increased distinctly more than that of yellow shading net in summer season because of higher transmitted quantum (23%)and air temperature (0.3 $^{\circ}$C) in blue shading net than those of yellow shading net. Chlorophyll content and leaf area under yellow shading net were higher than those of blue shading net, and its heat injury ratio was lower than those of blue. These effects may led to 48% higher increase of root yield under yellow shading net than that under blue shading net. The content of total ginsenoside in taproot was not significantly differed between blue and yellow shading net, while the content in lateral and fine root was significantly increased in blue shading net compared to yellow shading net. PDM ratio of blue shading net showed more significant increase in lateral root than that of yellow shading net. All of Rb$_1$/Rg$_1$ ratio in three parts of root under blue shading net was higher than that of yellow shading net, but there were no significant increase in the ratio of lateral root.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2017

The objective of study was to find the relationship in hilly pasture landscape expectancy and tourist's satisfaction on grassland facility. It was followed by literature reviews and visitors' survey in Daegwallyeong Yangtte Farm on 31, July, 2014. 367 respondents were analyzed by F-test, t-test, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test at 0.05 level after data screening process. Computing factors were sex, marital status, age, academic career and occupation. The results was as followed; First, major respondents group of survey were in oder of woman, forty years old group, married office worker, and university graduate. Second, the expectancy for grassland was significant difference in age, but pasture color expectancy was not significant difference in gender, age, educational background, marital status, and there was significant difference in favorite grassland type with age, marital status. Third, favorite fence type was not significant difference along with all group of participants. However, color and material of fence was significant difference in marital status. Fourth, preferred ranch road was significant difference with occupation and marital status. There was significant difference in favorite grassland type near ranch road along with age and occupation type. Fifth, the mean satisfaction was 3.6 point in 5.0. Therefore, all respondents were generally satisfaction in visited. Tourists were more interested in ranch landscape than experience or contacts to animal.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.6 s.68
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

There are many paintings describing butterfly in a folk story or old story but the word of Nabby is showed up because korea culture is subject to a Chinese character culture area. the word of Nabby is originated from flying features of nabby. It was expressed to an Hoju(胡蝶:swallowtail) or Hwangjub(黃蝶:yellow butterfly) in old book, Nabby or Naboi in Dusiunhae(杜詩諺解) issued in 1481, Naboi in Hunmonjahoe(訓夢字會) issued in 1527 and Nami in Simongunhaemungmyung(時夢諺解物名) issued in Sookjong dynasty(1675$\sim$1720). After that it was called Nabeui or Nabby and Nabby became the standard language but it is still called Nabbo or Nabbe in some provinces. The butterfly have been called as jewelry spread out through the world and people have been attracted by its meaning (love, pleasure, luck, long life and eternity) and its beautiful figure so that they have collected poems and paintings about it to appreciate its beauty or have made craft works and personal ornaments of it. This research is to analyze the shape and color of the using the application method of the nubi, which is used as expression method in this research, is suitable to express the beauty of butterfly's shape and the nerve of its wings and the basic material, which is light and have good drape, was used to easily express the rhythmical movement of butterfly's flapping. And thus, this research is to present that the above expression method is suitable to express the beautiful expression of butterfly's image and have unlimited potential energy for developing designs. Results showed that the soft outline of butterfly's wings can coincide with the linear shape of human body. It was also found that the characteristics of nubi method could be diversified as material expression method and the Haute Couture luxurious work could be developed by applying the mixed nubi method to costumes.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare and analyze meat quality of Korean native duck (KND) meat relative to stocking density. The stocking densities under investigation were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 birds/㎡. The experiment comprised six treatments and four replications, wherein the breast meat (pH, meat color, and physicochemical properties) and leg meat (fatty acid contents) of 8-week-old KNDs (2.8±0.2 kg) were used. pH of breast meat decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) as stocking density increased. Ash content also decreased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased; however, moisture, fat, and protein contents did not differ significantly among treatments. Furthermore, meat color and cooking loss (CL) increased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased whereas neither shear force (SF) nor water holding capacity (WHC) displayed a significant difference among treatments. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) contents decreased quadratically (P<0.05) as stocking density increased whereas, conversely, linoleic acid (C18:1n9) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) contents increased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased. Additionally, γ-linoleic acid (C18:3n6) content increased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) as stocking density increased, but a decrease (P<0.05) was observed in arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) content. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total unsaturated fatty acid (TUFA) contents did not show significant differences among treatments relative to stocking density. However, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content increased linearly (P<0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased. These results can be utilized as basic data for research on the effect of stocking density on KNDs.