• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 1999

User's characteristics on the screen adjustment of color TV were studied. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the characteristic of screen adjustment according to TV program, ambient luminance, and gender was investigated. Twenty subjects (10 females and 10 males) were participated in this experiment. Set points of brightness, contrast, tint, and color were measured on TV screen and analyzed. Brightness and contrast were significant on gender at significant level 0.01 and color was significant on gender at significant level 0.1. Tint was significant on program at significant level 0.01. The second experiment was performed to supplement the first experiment. The influences of ambient luminance, presented image, screen setting criteria, and gender were investigated. We simplified the first experiment in the second one. We restricted dependent variables (screen control variables) to only two, brightness and contrast. Other control variables were fixed to middle values. Brightness and contrast were significant on gender and screen setting criteria at significant level 0.01. In conclusion, we found that ambient luminance and presented image had no significant effects on TV screen adjustment and TV program had only a significant effect on tint. However, we found that gender and screen setting criteria had significant effects in most conditions.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we consider the adjustment of convergence on Color Display Tube (CDT). Convergence is a measure of how well the red, green and blue beams are physically aligned with each other to strike the same area on the screen. When misconvergence (convergence error) occurs, one way of compensating it is to attach several ferrite sheets on the inner part of Deflection Yoke (DY). We suggest an optimization model of misconvergence compensation process and report test results for 81 DY samples. As a result, more than 90% of the samples could be made to satisfy the required convergence criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.01a
• /
• pp.334-336
• /
• 2009

Estimation and correction of color temperature of digital images are basis of white balance adjustment after image acquisition stage. White balance is one of the most important image processing techniques for subjective image quality enhancement. Correction of color temperature is applied for white balance adjustment or for changing the mood of a picture. A picture taken under the daylight can be changed to have a mood of sunset or cloudy day, for example. We evaluate color temperature transformation of high dynamic range images in linear and log domain, and we conclude that linear domain transformation shows better results.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.3 no.6
• /
• pp.586-591
• /
• 2000

Color pictures on CPT are generally affected by the receiver characteristic and the condition of exterior illuminants. Moreover, readjustment of incorrect color in the CPT causes color distortion on a given picture. This paper describes a color adjustment method for modelling of CPT at the view point of observer in the ordinary lighting condition. To develop this method, we proposed ways of luminance recompensation under the gamma transformation for the intensity of illuminant, hue/saturation compensation for the types of illuminant and control of specific color for the reference. Based on these method, a color correlation system is suggested with the goal of reducing the color errors which are represented due to the influence of reflectance component of illuminants, the gamma transformation of CPT and the frequently adjustment of reference scene to set a optimum color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 1995

There are four types of color model to repesent color, which are RGB, IHS, CMY, and YIQ color model. RGB color model is the designation of the digital numbers(DNs) of the three primary colors(red, green, and blue), which are used to produce color images on color monitors. IHS color model is the designation of in-tensity, hue, and saturation(IHS). An advantage of considering color in terms of IHS over that of RGB is arrives more easily at a desired color product mathematically. In this study, authors use the IHS transformation and in-tensity-adjustment method to produce the color map images with Landsat TM and scanned map image. And, authors suggest the problems and their solutions when users produce the desired new images with satellite images and map images.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.7.1-7.10
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the surrounding and underlying shades' effect on the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer. Materials and Methods: Cylinder specimens (1.0 mm thick) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite, surrounded (dual specimens) or not (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built only with the control composites. Each specimen's color was measured against white and black backgrounds or the simple control specimens with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WI_D) and translucency parameters (TP₀₀) were calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE₀₀) in color between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The CAP was calculated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens. Results: The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WID and TP₀₀ values than the controls. The highest values of ΔE₀₀ were observed among simple specimens. The color measurements of Vittra APS Unique (simple or dual) against the control specimens presented the lowest color differences. Only surrounding the single-shade composite with a shaded composite barely impacted the ΔE₀₀. The highest CAP values were obtained using a shaded composite under simple or dual specimens. Conclusions: The CAP of Vittra APS Unique was strongly affected by the underlying shade, while surrounding this composite with a shaded one barely affected its color adjustment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.7.1-7.11
• /
• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substrate color and interface distance on the color adjustment of 2 single-shade composites, Vittra APS Unique and Charisma Diamond One. Materials and Methods: Dual disc-shaped specimens were created using Vittra APS Unique or Charisma Diamond One as the center composite, surrounded by shaded composites (A1 or A3). Color measurements were taken with a spectrophotometer against a gray background, recording the color coordinates in the CIELAB color space. Illumination with a light-correcting device and image acquisition using a polarizing filter-equipped cell phone were performed on specimens over the same background. Image processing software was used to measure the color coordinates in the center and periphery of the inner composite and in the outer composite. The color data were then converted to CIELAB coordinates and adjusted using data from the spectrophotometer. Color differences (ΔE₀₀) between the center/periphery of single-shade and outer composites were calculated, along with color changes in single-shade composites caused by different outer composites. Color differences for the inner composites surrounded by A1 and A3 were also calculated. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that color discrepancies were lowest near the interface and when the outer composite was whiter (A1). Additionally, Charisma Diamond One exhibited better color adjustment ability than Vittra APS Unique. Conclusions: Color discrepancies between the investigated single-shade composites diminished towards the interface with the surrounding composite, particularly when the latter exhibited a lighter shade.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.13 no.2 s.55
• /
• pp.221-239
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyse the fashion style expressed in women magazine advertisements. The method of this study was used content analysis with 692 samples in women magazines ('Woman Sense', 'Yeosung Dong-A', and 'Jubu Saeng-hwal') which were issued in March, June, September, and December from 1998 to 2002. The data analysis were divided nine elements: 1. silhouette, 2. color, 3. pattern, 4. length of skirt & slacks, 5. adjustment, 6. breadth of collar lapel, 7. shoes, 8. make-up, 9. hair style. The results of this study were as follows: 1. silhouette : The four seasons were expressed in square silhouette. 2. Color : The spring, summer, and winter seasons were expressed in white color, while the fall season was expressed in neutral color. 3. Pattern : The four seasons were expressed in plain pattern. 4. Length of skirt & slacks : The four seasons were expressed in various length. 5. Adjustment : The four seasons were expressed in single button. 6. Breadth of collar lapel : The spring, summer, and winter seasons were expressed in small breadth, while the fall season was expressed in middle breadth. 7. Shoes : The four seasons were expressed in high-heeled shoes. 8. Make-up : The four seasons were expressed in light tone. 9. Hair style : The four seasons were expressed in up-style.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2016

It is well known that Morpho butterflies show distinctive, brilliant and iridescent colors and have micro-nano scale structures, instead of dyes and pigments, on their wings. This structural coloration is regarded as a novel technique to express color with a long lifetime, ease and precise tenability. Here, we studied optical multilayer thin films with thickness of several tens of nm ($TiO_2$ and $SiO_2$) and lens-shape micro-patterns. Fabrication and characterization of the multilayer stacking structure and the micro-pattern structure were performed and the films were analyzed via several optical measuring techniques. Finally, we discussed how the micro-pattern structure could enhance independence with color changes according to the viewing angle.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2016

The shape and location of the cutoff shield in a projection-type headlight system were optimized by a ray-tracing technique. A shield based on a Petsval surface showed better cutoff characteristics than a flat or cylindrical shield, such as a sharp intensity gradient and less color separation at the cutoff line. Adjustment of the shield’s location between the reflector and the aspheric lens further improved its cutoff characteristics.