• BMB Reports
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

Vitamin C (VC) is an important antioxidant and enzyme co-factor that works by stimulating the immune system and protecting against infections. It is well known that melanoma cells are more susceptible to VC than any other tumor cells. However, the role of VC in the treatment of colon cancer has not been studied. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA damaging agent and is widely used for treating cancer, while the role of p53 in CDDP-induced cell death has been stressed. Using cell growth assays, morphological methods, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis, we measured the expression of p53 level involved in the effect of VC on CDDP-induced apoptosis of HCT116, a human colon cancer cell line. CDDP plus VC treatment resulted in significantly increased apoptosis along with upregulation of p53 compared to untreated cells and/or CDDP-treated cells. These results suggest that VC enhanced CDDP sensitivity and apoptosis via upregulation of p53.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4497-4502
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• 2015

Background: Due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rate, cancer has become an alarming threat to the human population worldwide. Since cancer is a progressive disorder, timely diagnosis would be helpful to prevent/stop cancer from progressing to severe stage. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, most of the time, tumors are diagnosed with endoscopy and biopsy; therefore rare studies exist regarding the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GIT) carcinomas based on tumor markers, especially CEA. Objectives: This study made a comparative analysis of CEA in admitted hospitalized stomach and colon cancer patients diagnosed as GIT with biopsy. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 66 cases were included. The level of CEA was determined in the blood of these patients using ELISA technique. Results: Out of 66 patients, the level of CEA was high in 59.1% of the total, 60.7% in colon cancer patients and 57.9 % in stomach cancer patients. Moreover, the incidence of colorectal and stomach cancer was greater in males as compared to females. Patients were more of the age group of 40-60 and the level of CEA was comparatively higher in patients (51.5%) with histology which was moderately differentiated, than patients with well differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor histology. Conclusions: CEA level was high in more than 50% of the total patients. Moreover, CEA exhibited higher sensitivity for colon than stomach cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4989-4994
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• 2014

Background: It has been reported that COX-2 expression is associated with MMP-2 expression in thyroid and breast cancers, suggesting that MMPs are linked to COX-2-mediated carcinogenesis. Several polymorphisms within the MMP2 promoter region have been reported in cases with oncogenesis and tumor progression, especially in colorectal carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: This research evaluated risk of association of the SNPs, including genes for COX-2 (AIG transition at +202) and MMP-2 (Crr transition at-1306), with colorectal cancer in 125 patients and 125 healthy controls. Results and Conclusions: Our data confirmed that MMP2 C-1306 T mutations were significantly more common in colon cancer patients than in our control Saudi population; p=O.0121. On the other hand in our study, there was no significant association between genotype distribution ofthe COX2 polymorphism and colorectal cancer; p=0.847. An elevated frequency ofthe mutated genotype in the control group as compared to the patients subjects indeed suggested that this polymorphism could decrease risk in the Saudi population. Our study confirmed that the polymorphisms that could affect the expressions of MMP-2 and COX-2 the colon cancer patients were significantly higher than that in the COX-2 negative group. The frequency of individuals with MMP2 polymorphisms in colon cancer patients was higher than individuals with combination of COX2 and MMP2 polymorphisms. Our study confirmed that individuals who carried the polymorphisms that could affect the expressions ofCOX2 are more susceptible to colon cancer. MMP2 regulatory polymorphisms could be considered as protective; further studies need to confirm the results with more samples and healthy subjects.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.540-546
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• 2014

Several types of genetic and epigenetic regulation have been implicated in the development of drug resistance, one significant challenge for cancer therapy. Although changes in the expression of non-coding RNA are also responsible for drug resistance, the specific identities and roles of them remain to be elucidated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of ncRNA (> 200 nt) that influence the regulation of gene expression in various ways. In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells. Using two pairs of 5-FU-resistant cells derived from the human colon cancer cell lines SNU-C4 and SNU-C5, we analyzed the expression of 90 lncRNAs by qPCR-based profiling and found that 19 and 23 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in SNU-C4R and SNU-C5R cells, respectively. We confirmed that snaR and BACE1AS were down-regulated in resistant cells. To further investigate the effects of snaR on cell growth, cell viability and cell cycle were analyzed after transfection of siRNAs targeting snaR. Down-regulation of snaR decreased cell death after 5-FU treatment, which indicates that snaR loss decreases in vitro sensitivity to 5-FU. Our results provide an important insight into the involvement of lncRNAs in 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.682-689
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• 2015

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum) has been reported to exert the inhibitory effect on angiotensin converting enzyme and aldose reductase. Recently, our group found that branch extracts of A. distichum (EAFAD-B) induce apoptosis through ATF3 activation in human colon cancer cells. However, anti-cancer reagents exert their activity through the regulation of various molecular targets. Therefore, the elucidation of potential mechanisms of EAFAD-B for anti-cancer activity may be necessary. To elucidate the potential mechanism of EAFAD-B for anti-cancer activity, we evaluated the regulation of cyclin D1 in human colon cancer cells. EAFAD-B decreased cellular accumulation of cyclin D1 protein. However, cyclin D1 mRNA was not changed by EAFAD-B. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 attenuated EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in the cells treated with EAFAD-B. In addition, EAFAD-B induced cyclin D1 phosphorylation at threonine-286 and the point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation. Inhibitions of both ERK1/2 by PD98059 and NF-κB by a selective inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 suppressed cyclin D1 downregulation by EAFAD-B. From these results, we suggest that EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation may result from proteasomal degradation through its threonine-286 phosphorylation via ERK1/2-dependent NF-κB activation. The current study provides new mechanistic link between EAFAD-B and anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권2호통권82호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2007

위암 환자 30명과 결장암 환자 30명의 암 조직과 그 주위의 정상 조직을 구분하고, 암 조직과 정상조직의 쌍을 찾지 못한 경우의 위암 조직 8개와 결장암 조직 10개의 각 조직에서 Mycoplasma DNA의 존재 유무를 PCR법으로 확인하고 PCR산물에서 DNA의 염기서열을 분석하여 Mycoplasma DNA 서열과 비교함으로써 Mycoplasmas를 검색한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 위암 조직과 그 주위 조직 30개 중에서 Mycoplasma DNA가 검출된 것은 각각 13개(43.3%)와 18개(60%)이었으며, 결장암 조직과 그 주위 조직 30개 중에서 Mycoplasma DNA가 검출된 것은 각각 12개(40%)와 15개(50%)이었다. Mycoplasma DNA가 검출된 위암 조직에서 mycoplasma 균종의 분리빈도는 M. faucium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, M. conjunctivae의 순이었다. Mycoplasma DNA가 검출된 위암 조직 주변의 정상조직에서 mycoplasma 균종은 M. facium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, M. bovigenitalium와 M. pulmonis의 순이었다. Mycoplasma DNA가 검출된 결장암 조직에서 mycoplasma 균종의 분리 빈도는 M. faucium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae), M. synoviae M. bovigenitalium, M. gallinarum, M. moatsii의 순이었다. Mycoplasma DNA가 검출된 결장암 조직 주변의 정상조직에서 mycoplasma 균종은 M. faucium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, M. bovis, M. opalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. gallinarum와 M. moatsii의 순이었다. 이상의 결과에서 위암 및 결장암 조직 보다 암 주위의 정상 조직에서 Mycoplasma DNA의 검출율이 높았으며, 검출된 Mycoplasma 균종도 암 조직과 정상 조직에서 차이가 없었으므로 이들 암과 Mycoplasma와는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2024

This case report presents 2 patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer who both underwent totally minimally invasive esophagectomy with colon interposition. Patients 1 and 2, who were 43-year-old and 78-year-old men, respectively, had distinct clinical presentations and medical histories. Patient 1 underwent minimally invasive robotic esophagectomy with a laparoscopic total gastrectomy, colonic conduit preparation, and intrathoracic esophago-colono-jejunostomy. Patient 2 underwent completely robotic total gastrectomy, colon conduit preparation, and intrathoracic esophago-colono-jejunostomy. The primary challenge in colon interposition is assessing colon vascularity and ensuring an adequate conduit length, which is critical for successful anastomosis. In both cases, we used indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to evaluate vascularity. Determining the appropriate conduit is challenging; therefore, it is crucial to ensure a slightly longer conduit during reconstruction. Because totally minimally invasive colon interposition can reduce postoperative pain and enhance recovery, this surgical technique is feasible and beneficial.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.710-722
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• 2021

Hypoxia, or low oxygen tension, is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) subunit plays a critical role in the adaptive cellular response of hypoxic tumor cells to low oxygen tension by activating gene-expression programs that control cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. Phosphorylation is involved in the stabilization and regulation of HIF-1α transcriptional activity. HIF-1α is activated by several factors, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily. MAPK phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) is a cytoplasmic dual-specificity phosphatase specific for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Recent evidence indicates that hypoxia increases the endogenous levels of both MKP-3 mRNA and protein. However, its role in the response of cells to hypoxia is poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of MKP-3 enhanced HIF-1α (not HIF-2α) levels. Conversely, MKP-3 overexpression suppressed HIF-1α (not HIF-2α) levels, as well as the expression levels of hypoxia-responsive genes (LDHA, CA9, GLUT-1, and VEGF), in hypoxic colon cancer cells. These findings indicated that MKP-3, induced by HIF-1α in hypoxia, negatively regulates HIF-1α protein levels and hypoxia-responsive genes. However, we also found that long-term hypoxia (>12 h) induced proteasomal degradation of MKP-3 in a lactic acid-dependent manner. Taken together, MKP-3 expression is modulated by the hypoxic conditions prevailing in colon cancer, and plays a role in cellular adaptation to tumor hypoxia and tumor progression. Thus, MKP-3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer treatment.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

본 연구는 사람의 대장암에 천연물인 과라나와 그라비올라가 어떤 효능을 나타내는지를 확인하고자 항산화 활성과 항암활성을 분석하였다. 각각 에탄올로 추출하여 control, 25.0, 50.0, 75, 100.0mg/ml의 농도에서 DPPH분석한 결과 과라나는 50mg/ml에서 80.9%, 그라비올라는 71.4%의 소거율을 보여 유의적인 항산화 활성이 있음을 확인하였다. 인체 대장암 세포주인 HCT-116에서 MTT assay와 FACS에 의한 apoptotic rate로 항암효과를 조사한 결과, 과라나와 그라비올라 모두 세포증식을 강하게 억제하였으며, 특히 10mg/ml의 농도에서 과라나는 96.65±3.71, 그라비올라는 76.58±2.87%의 높은 apoptotic rate를 나타냄으로써 뚜렷한 항암 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 천연 식물성 성분인 과라나와 그라비올라가 대장암의 예방과 치료에 새로운 항암제로서의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이며, 향후 국민건강 및 의료비 절감에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.539-549
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• 1996

Large bowel cancer correlates tightly to dietary factors such as dietary fiber and fat. Dietary fiber prevents the large bowel cancer in different modes of action which depend upon physicochemical and fermentable properties. Water-soluble fiber is fermented easily by intestinal microbes producing short chain fatty acids ; in contrast, water-insoluble fiber occurs effectively more rapid transit time due to greater bulk of gut content, though it is unfermentable. Not only short chain fatty acid is utilized in the proximal and distal colon as primary energy source, but also it lowers pH in the colon to normalize cellular differentiation and helps to stimulate peri staltic movement by acting as an osmotic laxative. In particular, butyric acid may also regulate gene expression and cell growth, though it is an important respiratory fuel for the colonocyte. Since dietary fiber and non-digestible oligosaccharides are the major source of butyric acid, this provides a possible link between dietary fiber and oligosaccharide and prevention of large bowel cancer. But, as with many links between dietary fiber and large bowel cancer, a direct casual association has not been established. In addition, RDA of dietary fiber which is 20~25g/day for adult Japanese, appears to be reasonable for the defecation once daily and the prevention of large bowel cancer.