• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.429-435
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• 2023

Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal infection, maternal stress, and environmental risk factors during pregnancy increase the risk of brain development abnormalities associated with cognitive impairment in the offspring and increase susceptibility to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Several animal models have demonstrated that maternal immune activation (MIA) is sufficient to induce abnormal brain development and behavioral defects in the fetus. When polyinosine:polycytodylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is commonly used in maternal immune activation animal models, was introduced into a pregnant dam, an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activity was observed in the offspring's brain. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells that play a mediating role in the central nervous system, and they are responsible for various functions, such as phagocytosis, synapse formation and branching, and angiogenesis. Several studies have reported that microglia are activated in MIA offspring and influence offspring behavior through interactions with various cytokines. In addition, it has been reported that they play an important role in brain circuits through interactions with neurons and astrocytes. However, there is controversy concerning whether microglia are essential to brain development or lead to behavioral defects, and the exact mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, for the potential diagnosis and treatment of brain developmental disorders, a functional study of microglia should be conducted using MIA animal models.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-103
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• 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders that can lead to serious consequences, including hypertension and/or cardiovascular diseases, if not treated promptly. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely recognized as the most effective treatment for OSA, which needs the proper titration of airway pressure to achieve the most effective treatment results. However, the process of CPAP titration can be time-consuming and cumbersome. There is a growing importance in predicting personalized CPAP pressure before CPAP treatment. The primary objective of this study was to optimize the CPAP titration process for obstructive sleep apnea patients through EEG feature engineering with machine learning techniques. We aimed to identify and utilize the most critical EEG features to forecast key OSA predictive indicators, ultimately facilitating more precise and personalized CPAP treatment strategies. Here, we analyzed 126 OSA patients' PSG datasets before and after the CPAP treatment. We extracted 29 EEG features to predict the features that have high importance on the OSA prediction index which are AHI and SpO2 by applying the Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method. Through extracted EEG features, we confirmed the six EEG features that had high importance in predicting AHI and SpO2 using XGBoost, Support Vector Machine regression, and Random Forest Regression. By utilizing the predictive capabilities of EEG-derived features for AHI and SpO2, we can better understand and evaluate the condition of patients undergoing CPAP treatment. The ability to predict these key indicators accurately provides more immediate insight into the patient's sleep quality and potential disturbances. This not only ensures the efficiency of the diagnostic process but also provides more tailored and effective treatment approach. Consequently, the integration of EEG analysis into the sleep study protocol has the potential to revolutionize sleep diagnostics, offering a time-saving, and ultimately more effective evaluation for patients with sleep-related disorders.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-206
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• 2019

This study aims to identify whether the action-observation training impacts on the improvement of stroke patient's cognitive functioning. When it comes to the research methods, Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA) conducted to assess samples between 23 April and 18 May 2018. Samples are seven patients who are hospitalized in Kyung-In region. In the meantime, seven tasks such as the range of joint motion (ROM) dance, arrangement of pullover clothes, lacing-ups of a pair, folding up a facecloth and socks, the origami and tying a necktie implemented as the action-observation programme. In order to analyse collected data, descriptive statistics analysis, paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out via SPSS version 20 (a statistics programme). The change in value from MMSE-K showed its statistical significant as 3.29 (±1.38, p<.001) as well as value from LICA in recollective powers was 12.16 (±6.73), therefore, the statistic is said to be statistically significant. In conclusion, action-observation training most influenced recollective powers amongst stroke patient's cognitive functioning areas. Even though development of cognitive functioning discovered in other areas, its values were possibly statistically insignificant. Hence, future research ought to demonstrate which areas action-observation training is effective according to brain lesion site.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality training focus on ADL on upper extremity function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. 20 patients with chronic stroke were included in this study. The participants were divided into the experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) groups. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy for 30 min a day, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. The experimental group also performed virtual reality training focus on ADL for 30 min a day, and the control group performed general virtual reality training for 30 min a day. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were evaluated before and after the intervention, and both groups showed significant improvement (p<.05). Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvement in the FMA wrist score and the FIM total, self-care, and sphincter control scores (p<.05). These findings suggest that virtual reality training focus on ADL may have a positive effect on wrist function and overall ADLs compared to that using general virtual reality training in stroke patients.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.231-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to implement a cognitive stimulation activity program and examine its effects elderly people who is capable of daily life and community activities but suffering from per sistent cognitive decline on the elderly's cognitive function, self-efficacy, and depression. The purpose of this study was to help elderly people who is capable of daily life and community activities but suffering from persistent cognitive decline improve their ability to perform and adapt to activity-based tasks incorporating a variety of actions of different subdomains and difficulty levels, ac cording to their characteristics and cognitive levels. The aim of the program created was to systemati cally improve the subdomains of cognitive functions and eventually preventing these conditions develo ping into dementia in those affected. This study also enabled the subjects to improve their self-effica cy through newly gained positive perceptions and attitudes toward their own abilities by successfully expressing their experience or thoughts about circumstantially and relationally meaningful events and memories, and performing activities that promote sensory stimulations. The group activities conducted as part of the study helped the subjects reduce their symptoms of depression not only by expressing their thoughts and emotions, but also by encouraging empathy with, understanding of, and caring for others. Given that this study confirmed the potential of the cognitive stimulation program designed fo r it as a clinical intervention for elderly people with cognitive impairment, it is suggested as a useful preventive program for early stage dementia.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 2012

This study estimated the causal relationship among leisure identity salience (LIS), leisure constraints negotiation (LCN), and intentions to participate in leisure activity (IPLA). For this, we estimated structural equation models controlled by leisure constraints, and we used data collected from 296 college students residing in Seoul and Kyoung-gi providence. The following was obtained. First, for both groups with high and low levels of leisure constraints, LIS positively caused LCN, and this became more evident for the group with high level of leisure constraint. Second, for the group with low level of leisure constraints, LIS positively and directly caused IPLA, whereas this causal relationship could not observed from the group with high level of leisure constraints. Nevertheless, it indirectly and positively caused IPLA though LCN for the same group. This implies that the mediative role of LCN became more important as the level of leisure constraints became more restrictive. Further, we separately showed that the role of LIS was important in the process of LCN.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varied resistance training intensities and rest intervals between training sets on integral electromyography (iEMG), repetition rate, and total work. All subjects, 14 college students, were tested one repetition maximum (1RM). Then, all subjects were weekly tested with 9 practice procedures, composed of diverse intensities (60, 75, 90% of 1RM) and rest intervals (1, 3, 5 min). As results show, to maintain the same load and target repetition maximum for an untrained person, muscular power training (90% of 1RM), muscular hypertrophy training (75% of 1RM), and muscular endurance training (60% of 1RM) should be applied with 5 min or longer rest interval periods for 3 training sets. In addition, 2 training sets with 3 min rest intervals and a set with an 1 min rest interval were capable by the subjects. Thus, at least 3 min or longer rest intervals should be applied to maintain multiple training sets. In case for muscular endurance training, which requires shorter rest intervals, the intensity of exercise should be adjusted to 60% of 1RM or less. In conclusion, depending on diverse purposes of resistance training such as improving muscular power, muscular hypertrophy, or muscular endurance, appropriate exercise intensity and rest intervals should be applied.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2023

This study investigates the current situation of medical technologists for blood collection, which is considered the most important step for diagnosis. The survey enrolled 650 medical technologists working in hospitals and medical check centers in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam. We found that each medical technologist performed blood collection for about 100 patients. There was more than one blood collection failure per day, with more than one case of pain and filing of civil complaints per year. Hence, there was a high work burden on the medical technologists. Cases where a medical technologist was stabbed with a used needle occurred more than once a year, and about 15% of them received infection control and treatment because of stab wounds. Additionally, more than half of the participants suffered from musculoskeletal disorders and mental stress due to blood collection work. Unlike administering intravenous and intramuscular injections using the same needle, no fee is charged for blood collection. Based on the results of this study, it will be possible to improve the safety and rights of medical technologists by calculating the actual fee for blood collection work and assigning a relative value score.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2023

Objective : The typical decline in function due to aging includes limitations in vision, hearing, cognitive function, and activities of daily living. Therefore, this study evaluated the mediating effect of cognitive function on the relationship between vision and hearing and activities of daily living. Methods : The participants in this study were 36,767 persons from the long-term care database on older adults provided by the National Health Insurance Sharing Service. The extracted variables were: (i) independent variables: visual and hearing; (ii) dependent variables: basic and instrumental daily living activities; and (iii) mediator variables: cognitive function. Regression analysis was performed evaluate the mediating effects of the extracted variables. Results : Cognitive function showed a mediating effect of 30% on the relationship between vision and basic daily life activities and 42% in the relationship with instrumental daily life activities. The mediating effect was 50% in the relationship between hearing and basic activities of daily living, and 53% in the relationship with instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusion : Prevention programs for functional decline due to aging are in progress in Korea. Based on the results of this study, establishing a prevention program would help promote successful aging.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.203-211
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• 2022

This study is a descriptive research study to investigate the mediating effect of self-leadership in the relationship between metacognition and proactivity of problem solving and the effect of metacognition on proactivity of problem solving of nursing students. 194 fourth-year nursing students who experienced in-school simulation practice at a university were selected as subjects for the study. Data were collected from September to December 2021 using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlations and parametric regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. It was found that metacognition and problem-solving proactiveness and self-leadership had a quantitative correlation, and it was analyzed that metacognition and self-leadership had a significant effect on problem-solving proactiveness. Also, it was found that self-leadership is partially mediated in the relationship between metacognition and problem-solving proactiveness. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a program that can improve the elements of metacognition and self-leadership in order to increase the problem-solving activity of nursing students through problem-centered learning integrated simulation education.