• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.493-502
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• 2013

In this study, we designed to confirm the dietary effect of anti-obesity of fermented soybean curd residue (FSCR; SCR-Meju; Biji-meju) by A. oryzae, which is well known as a Korean traditional meju microbe. We observed that body weight gain, serum and hepatic lipid profile, as well as the activity of ROS generating enzyme and ROS scavenging enzyme in high-fat diet induced obese mice fed experimental diet (SCR and SCR-meju). Body weight gain and epididymal fat weight of HC (high-fat diet control) was markedly higher than that of NC (Normal control). Conversely, body weight gain and epididymal fat weight of the SCR (Biji) and SCR-meju (Biji-meju) group was significantly lower than that of HC; these of the SCR-meju group was lower than that of the SCR group. Furthermore, serum TG and total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents of SCR and SCR-meju groups were lower than that of HC, and HDL-cholesterol level of the SCR-meju group was significantly higher than that of HC. In conclusion, although precise mechanisms of the antiobese effects of SCR-meju in this study are unknown, the present study provides an experimental evidence that SCR-meju may prevent obesity and obesity related metabolic syndromes, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, and liver disease by high-fat diet. Nevertheless, further study in this filed will be needed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.351-360
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of tooth bleaching agent contained 15% carbamide peroxide on the color, microhardness and surface roughness of tooth-colored restorative materials by using pH cycling model. Methods : Four types of tooth-colored restorative materials, including a composite resin(Filtek Z350 ; Z350), a flowable composite resin(Filtek P60 : P60), a compomer(Dyract$^{(R)}$ AP ; DY), and a glass-ionomer cement(KetacTM Molar Easymix ; KM). were used in the study. Eighty-eight specimens of each material were fabricated, randomly divided into two groups(n=44): experimental group(15% carbamide peroxide) and control group(distilled water). These groups were then divided into four subgroups(n=11). All groups were bleached 4 hours per day for 14 days using pH cycling model. The authors measured the color, microhardness, and roughness of the specimens before and after bleaching. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and T-test. Results : Z350 and P60 showed a slight color change(${\Delta}E^*$), whereas DY and KM showed significantly color change(p<0.05). Among them, the greatest color change was observed in DY. Percentage microhardness loss(PML) of the distilled water group was 1.8 to 5.1%, and 15% peroxide peroxide group was 5.0 to 25.2%. Microhardness of DY and KM showed a statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). Roughness was increased in all groups after bleaching. Z350 and P60 does not have a significant difference(p>0.05), however DY and KM significantly increased more than the 0.2 ${\mu}m$(p<0.05). Conclusions : The effects of bleaching on restorative materials were material dependent. It is necessary to consider the type of the material before starting the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

This study was carried out to get a fundamental information fur improvement of reproductive performance in gilt. We investigated the effects of breeds on body weight, age, body length, wither's height, girth and backfat thickness, and the serum concentrations of estradiol-17$\beta$, cortisol and progesterone at first estrus and mating of gilts. A total of 47 gilts of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, produced at Livestock Experiment Station, Chungnam Livestock Sanitation Research Institute from 2000 through 2002, were used for this experiment. Body weight, age and girth of Duroc at first estrus and mating were higher than those of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on body length among the three breeds at first estrus and mating. Wither's height of Duroc and Yorkshire at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace. Backfat thickness of Yorkshire was thinnest among the three breeds at first estrus, but there were no differences on backfat thickness among the three breeds at first mating. Serum estradiol-17$\beta$ concentration of Landrace (45.0 pg/ml) at first estrus was higher than that of Yorkshire (27.4 pg/ml) and Duroc (21.8 pg/ml), but there were no differences on estradiol-17$\beta$ concentration (from 18.5 to 31.9 pg/ml) among the three breeds at first mating. Serum cortisol concentration of Duroc at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on serum progesterone concentration among the three breeds at first estrus and mating of gilt.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.36.1-36.9
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• 2015

Background: This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs. Methods: Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period. Results: Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions. Conclusions: Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

There have been studies about dog’s personality and behavior, which is helpful to breed dogs as guide or companion. In this study, a questionnaire was developed using 54 Jindo dogs, which considered ten items about aggressiveness and sociability. The scores were analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA), after accounting for four variables: age, gender, growing place, and coat-colors. Our results from the PCA indicated three principle components, which classified ‘aggressiveness’, ‘sociability’ and unknown factor. The four variables did not significantly affect aggressiveness(P>0.05). However, there was a relationship between coat-color and sociability, i.e., the Jindo dogs with fawn color were more sociable than the white ones(P<0.1).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Recently, various rice by milling degree is sold for health and taste. To provide safe food to consumers, it is need to know the change of heavy metal contents according to milling degree of rice.METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was to investigate residual the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as stated in the milling degree of the rice contaminated Cd and Pb from 2011 to 2012 in Chungcheongnam-do. Rice samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL) of Cd and Pb were milled by five degrees (0.0, 2.45, 8.02, 10.48, 15.09%). Milled rice was digested by microwave method, and analyzed heavy metal contents using ICP-OES. Recovery ratios of 4 heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were ranged for 79.7-98.9%, and limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were fulfilled with the normal analytical standards. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were ranged 0.416-0.433 mg/kg, 0.183-0.26 mg/kg, 3.639- 3.882 mg/kg and 16.868-19.801 mg/kg, respectively.CONCLUSION: From these results, conforming with increase of milling degree of rice, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn contents tended to decrease. The contents of heavy metals were decreased 3.1% in Cd, 29.3% in Pb, 6.4% in Cu and 15.1% in Zn, in according to the highest milling degree of 15.09%.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2002

Granular gland regeneration in the toad after dorsal skin wound histologically was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After cutaneous wounds were induced by excision, animals were maintained in special cages for up to 20 days. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), newly formed granular gland, though poorly developed, was seen on 4 day after injury. Epithelial cells moved toward apical region of newly formed gland. The cells had smooth surface and were not connected to other cells by desmosomes. Mitochondria rich cell (MRC) possessing long cytoplasmic processes formed a gland cavity and hemidesmosomes were found under the cell processes. Basal cavity of newly formed gland consisted of MRC, pro-granular producing cells (pGPC), and granular producing cell (GPC). Moreover it was observed that xanthophores moved to the base of the epithelial tissue on 10 day after the injury. These cells contained numerous pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles. Immature pterinosomes were large and carotenoid vesicles were moderately electron dense. On 13 day after the injury, xanthophores contained abundant carotinoid vesicles and lammelated pterinosomes. Iridophores were also observed adjacent the developing xanthophores on 16 day post-injury. These observations indicated that regeneration of granular gland from glandular precursor cells during wound healing and subsequent expansion of the glandular cells might be dependent on maturation and proliferation of these newly formed cells.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2017

Differences in reaction time and accuracy were compared among driver groups of middle-, old-, and stroke old-age drivers using various reaction time tasks including simple reaction task, 2-choice task, 4-choice task with different stimuli eccentricity, search task, and moving target detection task. The results can be summarized as followings. First, although overall reaction time tended to be slowed with age and stroke, stroke old drivers showed significantly slower reaction time than the other driver groups when the stimuli were presented in a large eccentricity. Second, differences in reaction time for 2-choice task and moving target detection task seemed to be determined mainly by participants' simple reaction time. Third, the search task which required temporary retention of previously presented stimuli was found to be more sensitive in discriminating difference in reaction time between middle-age drivers and old-age drivers (including stroke old drivers). Fourth, reaction accuracy of old (and stroke old) drivers decreased when more stimuli alternatives were presented and temporary retention for stimuli was required. Altogether, memory demand in reaction time task can be sensitive to evaluate performance for different age groups, whereas size of useful field of view for brain stroke.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the effects of attitude to death in hospice and palliative professionals on their terminal care stress, and to analyze relationships among variables related to the two aforementioned parameters, such as depression and coping strategies. Methods: Participants were 131 hospice and palliative professionals from the cancer units of two tertiary hospitals and two general hospitals, two hospice facilities, two geriatric hospitals, and two convalescent hospitals in J province. Data were collected from April through June 2015 and analyzed using t-test, factor analysis, ANOVA ($Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test), ANCOVA, and Pearson's correlation and a path analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: The score for attitude to death was low (2.63), and that for depression was 0.45. Among all, 16.0% of the participants showed need for depression management. They scored 3.82 on terminal care stress. The subcategory with the highest mark was inner conflicts on limitation given availability of medical services (4.04). The score on coping strategy was low (3.13). They used passive coping strategies such as interpersonal avoidance (4.03), fulfilling basic needs (3.65) such as sleeping or eating. Attitudes to death had a direct negative effect on the terminal care stress level and indirectly affected through depression and fulfilling basic needs (CS2). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide hospice and palliative professionals with education on death and dying, as well as access to programs that provide emotional support and promote positive cognition of death and dying.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2018

This study examined the antioxidative effects of Cornis fructus (CF) extract on cultured C6 glioma cells. For this purpose, cytotoxicity analysis of chromium trioxide ($CrO_3$) was performed and the protective effects of the CF extract on $CrO_3$-induced cytotoxicity was examined after the C6 glioma cells were cultured for 48 hours. The antioxidative effects, such as electron donating activity (EDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were also analyzed. In this study, $CrO_3$ decreased the cell viability in a dose dependent manner. The $XTT_{50}$ value was determined to be $33{\mu}M$ after the cells were treated for 48 hours at a concentrations of $20{\sim}40{\mu}M$ $CrO_3$. The catalase (CAT) antioxidant increased significantly the cell viability that had been decreased by $CrO_3$-induced cytotoxicity. Regarding the protective effect of the CF extract, the cell viability of the CF extract was increased significantly compared to that of $CrO_3$ only. In addition, the CF extract showed antioxidative effects, such as EDA and an inhibitory effect on the LDH activity. These findings suggest that the cytotoxicity of $CrO_3$ is correlated with oxidative stress, and the CF extract effectively prevented $CrO_3$-induced cytotoxicity through the antioxidative effects. In conclusion, natural products, such as the CF extract may be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of toxicity induced by heavy metals via oxidative stress.