• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-190
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• 2009

Although renewable energy sources are more environmentally friendly than fossil energy sources, they are far more costly and hard to survive in the electricity market. For a competitive renewable electricity, the government should take 'visible' actions to compensate higher production costs. Popular policies, such as Feed-In-Tariff and Renewable Portfolio Standards, are financed by an undifferentiated increase of electricity bills (a collective financing mechanism) but are occasionally confronted with the opposition of the electricity consumers. This paper discusses the consumers' willingness to pay for renewable energy in order to back up the voluntary financing mechanism, the Green Pricing. The Tobit analysis of a consumer survey shows that the consumer's WTP is positively influenced by his environmentally friendly activities under both financing mechanisms. The knowledge on renewable energy is statistically significant only under collective financing mechanism.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.149-168
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of teacher librarians' efficacy and to propose some ways to enhance their efficacy. To do this, questionnaires on 30 teacher librarians who participated in the level 1 certification program of K university in 2018 were conducted. The results showed that their average efficacy was 3.38, the efficacy of teaching method was 3.60, the collective efficacy was 3.38, and the personal efficacy was 3.18. They had high personal efficacy on classroom management, the willingness to lead poor students and the possibility of problem student guidance, and collective efficacy on conflict management with fellow teachers and parents. On the other hand, personal efficacy in problem analysis and guidance for problem students, difficult contents and course instruction were low. Also, the collective efficacy of the conflict between the manager and the education office was low. They have a strong willingness to improve teaching methods for students and showed high efficacy about student synchronization and preparation for teaching. However, they were aware of the lack of learning skills and the lack of various teaching methods. The variables influencing their efficacy were graduation, education level, school size, and degree. Especially, the higher the education level, the more confident and enthusiastic about teaching problemmatic students and disadvantaged students. In addition, teacher librarians with high academic standards showed high confidence in conflict resolution with peers and parents and teaching methods. The improvement direction to enhance their efficacy in this study are increasing the ratio of teacher education in the field of education, reforming teacher librarians training before appointment, establishing supervision organizations for school libraries and improving their professionalism by going to graduate school.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2020

On February 4, 2020, the Personal Information Protection Act ("Privacy Act") was amended to facilitate the convergence and utilization of data, a key resource of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and to support the development of the data industry. As the scope of the law applies to telecommunications operators, financial operators, and personal information processing providers, the scope of related dispute settlement is expected to increase. Therefore, this paper first introduces the role and function of the Personal Information Dispute Committee and the institutional standards for personal information dispute mediation, and researches the roles and issues that the Personal Information Dispute Mediation Committee should play in accordance with the revision of the Data 3 Law. In this study, For efficient operation of personal information dispute mediation, expert deliberation by field, new adjustment criteria for new industrial technologies, way to secure business continuity between the Personal Information Dispute Committee and the Personal Information Committee, Secure the link between the mediation decision and courts, and Suggested the strengthening of the operational standards for collective dispute mediation.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.10
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• pp.65-65
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• 2000

Microwave response of intrinsic Josephson junctions in mesa structure formed on HgI2-intercalated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystals was studied in a wide range of microwave frequency. With irradiation of 73${\sim}$76 GHz microwave, the supercurrent branch becomes resistive above a certain onset microwave power. At low current bias, the current-voltage characteristics show linear behavior, while at high current bias, the resistive branch splits into multiple sub-branches. The voltage spacing between neighboring sub-branches increase with the microwave power and the total number of sub-branches is almost identical to the number of intrinsic Josephson junctions in the mesa. All the experimental results suggest that each sub-branch represents a specific mode of collective motion of Josephson vortices generated by the microwave irradiation. With irradiation of microwave of microwave of frequency lower than 20 GHz, on the other hand, no branch splitting was observed and the current-voltage characteristics exhibited complex behavior at hlgh blas currents. This result can be explained in terms of incoherent motion of Josephson vortices generated by non-uniform microwave irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.147-167
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonnative expectations of anger, sadness, fear, and shame in Korean culture by analyzing the textbooks for children's education in the Chosen Dynasty period. The method of this study was document analysis and the materials for analysis were the following four textbooks for children's education that involved individual ethics in everyday life based on Confucianism： 'Dongmongsenspj, 'Gyukmongyogyulj, 'Myungsimbogamj, and 'Sohakj. The analysis was focused on the antecedent events, emotional consequences, and emotional regulations in the emotional processes of anger, sadness, fear, and shame. According to the analysis, anger was caused by ought violations, especially sociomoral violations, and the expression of anger brought about undesirable results, and the inhibition of anger was expected as the regulation rule. Also, many methods of regulating anger were encouraged in the textbooks. For example, one of the regulating methods was to appraise a situation in such a way that anger would not arise. in other hand, sadness was allowed to be expressed only at the death of parents, and the expression of sadness stood for filial piety. Meanwhile, the antecedents of fear were the events to threaten self-esteem, which was mainly focused on keeping moral and social standards. Also the social consequence of fear led to observance of the social norms, and thereby could gain social approval. Therefore, the regulation rule was the enhancement of fear because of anticipated advantageous effects. Finally, the main cause of shame arousal was negative evaluation of self caused by bad performance of ethical or social standards. Accordingly, having shame could prevent wrong behaviors or transgressions which might break interpersonal connectedness, and the regulation rule of shame was to enhance this because of contributing to collective relationship.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.483-491
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• 2023

Due to the spread of mobile devices, the use of mobile electronic notification services is increasing. For the mobile electronic notification service, the connecting information is required to identify the owner of the mobile device and the recipient of the notification. The connecting information is an online resident registration number, and safe management is essential. Therefore, in this paper, the processing flow, interconnecting standard, and management plan are proposed when a mobile electronic notification requesting agency requests the identity verification agency to convert the resident registration number of the recipient of the electronic notification to connecting information. In the proposed method, it is suggested that a safe mobile electronic notification service is possible by defining the process of collective conversion of connecting information between private organizations and personal identity proofing agency, information transmission and reception methods, and interworking standards.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.559-569
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• 2022

Due to the spread of mobile devices, the use of mobile electronic notification services is increasing. For the mobile electronic notification service, the connecting information is required to identify the owner of the mobile device and the recipient of the notification. The connecting information is an online resident registration number, and safe management is essential. Therefore, in this paper, the processing flow, interconnecting standard, and management plan are proposed when a mobile electronic notification requesting agency requests the identity verification agency to convert the resident registration number of the recipient of the electronic notification to connecting information. In the proposed method, it is suggested that a safe mobile electronic notification service is possible by defining the process of collective conversion of connecting information between private organizations and personal identity proofing agency, information transmission and reception methods, and interworking standards.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Objectives : This study examines the grounds on which Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷) which are categories of Xulao(虛勞) are differentiated, along with standards by which each category is further classified. Methods : Based on "Zhubingyuanhoulun(諸病源候論)", the first text to sort the different types and symptoms of Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷), each classification and its symptoms were analyzed. Texts which were written relatively close in time to "Zhubingyuanhoulun" were referenced in the process. Results & Conclusions : The differentiation of Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷) is based on the cause of illness. Wulao(五勞) is caused by mental activity which fatigues the Five Zang, Liuji(六極) is caused by exterior pathogens that damage the Five Body Elements, and Qishang(七傷) is caused by emotional factors as well as damaging practices. In close examination, Wulao(五勞) was further classified according to the different layers of mental activity, described in terms of taxation illness of the damaged Zang. Liuji(六極) is damage of the Five Body Elements by exterior pathogens, which was put into the spacial structure of nature and explained in six. Qishang(七傷) refers to the collective of representative symptoms and representative causes of Xulao.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.200-201
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• 2021

According to the dispute cases filed for claiming the collective defect repair fees, inter-layer concrete joints turned out to be the most frequently disputed item. For this reason, this study selects the inter-layer concrete joints to further analyze the primary causes and details of each dispute case. From the results of this study, three primary causes of the disputes are found, which are 1) the absence of standard specifications for construction quality control and management after construction; 2) the absence of established standards for repair when construction defects are found. In order to prevent construction defects in inter-layer concrete joints, this study provides three suggestions including 1) the current standard specifications for inter-layer concrete joints should be further specified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; 2) a construction defect should be judged according to the compliance to the standard specifications; and 3) a clear and institutional protocol needs to be established for defect repair in cases that new public apartment houses have been judged to have defects.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effect of NCS - based education and training of small and medium manufacturing on job performance. The results of this study were as follows: First, the effects of NCS education and training on job performance(p<.001, ${\beta}=5.130$) were analyzed. As a result, (p<.01, ${\beta}=3.783$) and on-the-job training had a significant effect on job attitude (p <.05, ${\beta}=-2.448$). (P <.01, ${\beta}=.740$), job skill and collective education (p <.01, ${\beta}=.459$), and job skill (P <.01, ${\beta}=.575$), job attitude and field training (p <.05, ${\beta}=-.320$), collective education and field training (p < .268) were found to be correlated. Third, the analysis of the effect of the age of general characteristics on job attitude showed that the fifties (3.75) had higher attitude than the 20s (3.44), 30s (3.26) and 40s (3.63). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of NCS - based education and training on the job performance of small and medium manufacturing industries.