• 제목/요약/키워드: Collective Decision-Making

검색결과 53건 처리시간 0.025초

활동기반 접근법에 의한 활동패턴의 맥락적 정보분석과 프로파일 (An Activity-Based Analysis of Contextual Information of Activity Patterns and Profiles)

  • 조창현
    • 대한교통학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.171-183
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    • 2007
  • 도시교통 수요는 활동 수행으로부터 유발된다. 개인의 활동 의사결정에 의한 일상활동의 개인 간 총합은 집합적 공간행동으로 관찰되며, 활동간 서로 다른 공간의 극복을 위해 유발된 통행은 활동 간의 구조적인 상호연쇄관계에 의해 그 구체적 형태를 부여받는다. 개인의 하루 일상을 통한 시공간적 의사결정 및 사회적 실행과 사회 공간적 환경간의 상호작용을 탐구하는 활동기반접근법은 도시민의 일상과 통행을 분석하는데 중요한 이론 틀을 제공한다. 이 연구는 도시민의 일상활동을 활동기반접근법에 근거하여 대표적인 유형으로 분류하고, 분류된 유형의 프로파일과 관련 있는 활동 주체 특성과 활동 당시의 상황 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 도시민의 일상활동은 소수의 대표적 활동패턴 집단으로 분류 가능하며, 각 집단의 특성은 다차원 프로파일에 의해 유의하게 요약되었다. 또한 각각의 프로파일은 서로 다른 사회경제적, 상황적 특성과 상관되어 있음을 확인하였다. 연구는 도시민의 일상활동 원리를 밝힘으로써, 도시교통 정책수단에 대한 도시민의 개별 반응 양식과 그 집합적 행동을 예측하기 위한 이론적 기초를 제공한다.

국제 환경레짐(Environmental Regime)에 관한 소고 -남극조약 체제(System)를 중심으로- (A Study on International Environmental Regime -The Case of the Antarctic Treaty System-)

  • 강량
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.163-173
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    • 2006
  • The so called Antarctic Treaty System, started from the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, has gradually been enlarged into the concept of an international environmental regime, which has been included in not a few international institutions, treaties, conventions, and international non-governmental organizations (INGO). This kind of movement, as in the role of an international environmental regime, has recently been highlighted in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. This Protocol is taking appropriate measures as an international environmental regime in regulating its member nations by enforcing principles in protecting Antarctic resources and environment, regulating member nations' Antarctic activities, establishing norms in the adoption of international and domestic laws, and devising regulations for deciding administrative actions through the member nations' collective decision-making procedures. h this context, this paper is to test a few questions; firstly, how the Antarctic Treaty System can be related with the role of international environmental regime; secondly, how the theories of international environmental regime, such as the hegemony theory, rational choice theory, and international morality theory, can be tested in the role of Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime. Finally, this paper provides a solution for the future problems of the Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime regarding the regime's principle (conflict between the environmental principle and the right of nation-state), norms and regulations (the conflict between the developed and underdeveloped nations in terms of the concept of 'common but differentiated environmental responsibility'), cooperation directions (the leadership problems between hegemonic nation and multilateral leading groups), and management methods (cooperation and arrangement problems among expert institutions, observer groups, and INGO).

해양수도 부산의 해양거버넌스 형성수준 및 원인분석: 이해관계자의 '접촉과 갈등해결'을 중심으로 (A Study on the Formation and Influencing Factors of Ocean Governance in Busan, the Ocean Capital of Korea: A New Guide to Conflict Resolution Among Busan Marine Stakeholders)

  • 우양호;강윤호
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.233-243
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    • 2012
  • 이 연구의 주제는 우리나라의 선도 해항도시(sea port city)이자, 국가 해양수도(ocean capital)의 비전을 지향하는 부산시를 대상으로 하여, 해양행정과 해양정책의 발전방향을 창조적인 해양거버넌스 구축의 관점에서 다루어 보는 것이다. 원래부터 해양이 가진 공유자원적 성격은 불특정 다수 이용자간의 '접촉과 갈등'이 발생하기 쉬우므로, 관련자들의 다양한 이해관계를 조정하는 새로운 '거버넌스(governance)방식'이 필요하다. 해양거버넌스는 비정부 행위자의 참여메커니즘을 전제하고, 상호 신뢰와 협력체제를 축으로 이해관계상의 연계망과 공동생산의 방법을 중요시하는 개념 혹은 기제이다. 정부, 기업, 시민, 전문가를 대상으로 한 조사연구의 결과, 현재 부산에서 나타난 해양거버넌스 형성정도는 보통 이하의 비교적 낮은 수준이었다. 향후 해양거버넌스 형성을 위한 원인으로는 정부차원에서 해양행정(정책)의 최고관리자인 시장의 관심과 중간관리자인 부서장의 태도, 기업차원에서는 경영진의 관심과 태도, 시민차원에서는 해양NGO의 전문성과 신뢰성이 각각 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 결론에서는 이러한 결과들을 토대로 바람직한 해양거버넌스를 구축할 당위성과 여러 실천적인 대안을 제시하였다.

'사과배' 원 조성사업의 경제적 타당성분석 - 중국 연변지역을 중심으로 - (Economic Feasibility Analysis of Applepear(Ping Guo Li) Farm Development in Yanbian Area in China)

  • 조란화;임재환
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 2002
  • The most representative fruit in Yanbian area is Applepear(Ping Guo Li). It has been a important resource of farm income. According to the economic growth and income Increase of individual consumers, food consumption pattern will be changed from grain to high value cash crops such as Applepear and vegetables. The globalization and adapt ion of free market oriented economic policy of China government have led to change the collective farming system to individual farm management system. The institutional transformation have brought about high productivity of farm products and incomes of farmers. Therefore the plantation area of Applepear and requirement of investment cost for establishment of Applepear farms have increased rapidly since the 1980's, the time of perestroika and glasnost in Chinese economy. In prosperity of Chinese agriculture, individual farmer's decision making as free selection of farmland use, selection of high pay-off crops, free sale of the products in free market and credit support for the project might be the most important factors. In case of Applepear farm development, net present value of the project net benefit was estimated at 55.518won per hectare and financial rate of return was 21%. The benefit/cost ratio of the project was 2.11. Considering 10% of discounting rate or the opportunity cost of capital in China the Applepear farm development project showed us economically feasible in the light of the above efficiency indices. The Chinese government has to support Applepear farm development project financially and institutionally considering the high-payoff benefit of the fruit and farmer's in come increase in the future.

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지역사회 기반 참여연구 방법론 (The Methodology of Community-Based Participatory Research)

  • 정민수;정유경;장사랑;조병희
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.83-104
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    • 2008
  • Objectives: Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a kind of health promotion approach to increase social cohesion and sense of community, which has built the collaborated partnership in all phases. This has the co-ownership of research objectives and knowledges produced by residents, and the outcome was taken to enhance community empowerment. This study performed to embody CBPR, which had regulated collective health status approached by social epidemiology. Methods: Reference review had been exercised focused on CBPR books and papers published since 1990. Our interests were aimed at its paradigm and methodological issues. Particularly, we problematized its feasibility in the social and behavioral foundations of pubic health. Results: According to the review, CBPR shared critical understanding and decision-making related to their community development including health status. Therefore, it was strength-based approach in spite of scientific dichotomy. CBPR created social cohesion and community empowerment with all participants, because it sublated contradiction between subjectivism and objectivism. Conclusions: The success of CBPR needs what we so called trust, democracy, collaboration, devotion, and consensus of equity. Despite these factors, CBPR may be a methodological transition to prepare some intervention of health inequality. This is because it does emphasize a mixture of theory and praxis to manage vulnerable people in community.

마을 만들기 관련 조례에 대한 지역혁신 및 협력적 거버넌스 관점의 적용:충남지역 민간위탁형 기반 중간지원조직 설치・운영 지역의 관련 조례를 대상으로 (The Application of Regional Innovation and Cooperative Governance Perspective for Village Building-Related Ordinances: Focusing on Relevant Ordinances of Chungcheongnam-Do Area Where Contract-Out Type Intermediary Support Organizations are Established and Operated)

  • 고경호
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.45-61
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    • 2023
  • The subject of this study is whether the relevant ordinances of Chungcheongnam-do's five local governments, operating intermediary support organizations for contracted-out community building, comply with the regional innovation and cooperative governance-based perspective. The examination results are summarized as follows. About the normative system: first, village building does not present that it is a participation- and cooperation-based collective activity of various related actors; second, the cooperative governance-based implementation system was not presented as a key term; third, "numerous relevant subjects' participation" and "democratic decision-making and cooperative promotion" are not presented as basic principles; fourth, the subjects are limited to residents and the administration, and only their responsibilities are presented. About the effectiveness system: first, the establishment of a master plan, a primary means, and the establishment of an in-charge department and collaboration system in the administration are presented as optional provisions; second, the nature of the relevant committees and intermediary support organizations is not presented as "public-private cooperation-based system"; third, the area of the function and authority of the relevant committees is limited to review and consultation. Fourth, the related information about the intermediary support organization structure and system, the establishment and operation of the secretariat, and the practical operation of the center is not presented. In sum, to make related ordinances become institutional grounds with stronger effectiveness, reconstructing them by strictly applying the perspectives of regional innovation and cooperative governance is necessary.

Health Information Behavior of Indonesians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sensemaking Perspective

  • Rusdan Kamil;Laksmi Laksmi
    • Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2024
  • Information behavior played a significant role in minimizing the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic. When faced with such a situation, an individual needs information for decision-making and in order to determine the best course of action relating to their health. This study aims to explore information behavior during each phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, which is known for its close-knit collective culture. A sensemaking approach is used, which emphasizes the process individuals go through to understand their situation and give meaning to the information they are getting from their environment. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 participants to obtain a description of their information behaviors during the pandemic. Data analysis was carried out using open, axial, and selective coding. We propose a sensemaking-based information behavior strategy framework for mitigating risk and reducing ongoing health crises. Changes in information behavior strategies, including search, prevention, and restriction of information exposure, were random at the beginning of the pandemic, but became more regular in later phases. This was influenced by the "knowledge gap fulfillment" and "use of local knowledge" among the participants throughout the pandemic. In conclusion, the participants developed a sensemaking process including an understanding of the pandemic situation and the risks that they faced. They used a number of information behavior strategies to prevent transmission, and their perception of the risks changed across the course of the pandemic, up til the situation began to be considered back to normal again in Indonesia.

기업 내 최적 정보기술보안 제공을 위한 대체 메커니즘에 대한 경제적 분석 (An Economic Analysis of Alternative Mechanisms for Optimal IT Security Provision within a Firm)

  • 류승희
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.107-117
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구의 주요 목표는 정보기술보안(IT security) 관련 투자의 경제적 특성을 조사하고 기업 내 최적의 정보기술보안 자원의 제공을 위한 대체적인 메커니즘을 비교하는데 있다. 정보기술 보안의 최적 수준과 기업 내 다양한 사용자 간의 비용분담 방식에 대한 중요한 의사결정에 유용한 지침을 제공하는 경제적인 연구는 많지 않다. 이에 대한 기초연구로서, 본 연구는 첫째, 정보기술 보안 자원이 소비의 비경합성(nonrivalry)과 혜택의 비배재성(nonexcludability)이라는 순수공공재(pure public goods)의 특성을 공유하고 있다는 것을 설명한다. 또한, 정보기술보안 제공은 개인사용자의 정보보안자원의 가치평가에 있어서 정보 비대칭성의 문제를 갖고 있다. 분석적인 틀을 통하여, 본 연구는 개별적인 효용극대화 방식은 기업 전체에서의 효율적인 제공 조건을 반드시 충족하는 것은 아니라는 것을 보여준다. 즉, 개별적인 방식은 비최적(suboptimal)의 방안, 특히 정보기술보안 자원이 부족한 수준에서 제공되는 결과를 초래한다. 이러한 문제는 무임승차(free-riding) 문제로도 알려져 있는 순수공공재의 비배재성이라는 특성에 주로 기인한다. 집단적인 의사결정의 근본적인 문제는 진실한 정보의 표출을 유도하고 정보비칭적인 구조에서 최적수준의 정보자원보안 관련 재화를 선택하는 메커니즘의 설계에 있다. 본 연구는 정보기술보안 자원의 제공이라는 문제 안에서 세 가지 대체적인 수요현시메커니즘(demand-revealing mechanisms), 즉 클락-그로브즈 메커니즘(Clarke-Groves mechanism), 기대효용 극대와 메커니즘(expected utility maximizing mechanism), 그로브즈-레야드 메커니즘(Groves-Ledyard mechanism)을 비교 분석한다 이 메커니즘들의 주요 특성이 각 메커니즘의 장점, 단점, 실제 다양한 적용가능성과 함께 논의된다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 한계와 미래 연구 방향이 논의된다.

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Sentiment Analysis of Product Reviews to Identify Deceptive Rating Information in Social Media: A SentiDeceptive Approach

  • Marwat, M. Irfan;Khan, Javed Ali;Alshehri, Dr. Mohammad Dahman;Ali, Muhammad Asghar;Hizbullah;Ali, Haider;Assam, Muhammad
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.830-860
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    • 2022
  • [Introduction] Nowadays, many companies are shifting their businesses online due to the growing trend among customers to buy and shop online, as people prefer online purchasing products. [Problem] Users share a vast amount of information about products, making it difficult and challenging for the end-users to make certain decisions. [Motivation] Therefore, we need a mechanism to automatically analyze end-user opinions, thoughts, or feelings in the social media platform about the products that might be useful for the customers to make or change their decisions about buying or purchasing specific products. [Proposed Solution] For this purpose, we proposed an automated SentiDecpective approach, which classifies end-user reviews into negative, positive, and neutral sentiments and identifies deceptive crowd-users rating information in the social media platform to help the user in decision-making. [Methodology] For this purpose, we first collected 11781 end-users comments from the Amazon store and Flipkart web application covering distant products, such as watches, mobile, shoes, clothes, and perfumes. Next, we develop a coding guideline used as a base for the comments annotation process. We then applied the content analysis approach and existing VADER library to annotate the end-user comments in the data set with the identified codes, which results in a labelled data set used as an input to the machine learning classifiers. Finally, we applied the sentiment analysis approach to identify the end-users opinions and overcome the deceptive rating information in the social media platforms by first preprocessing the input data to remove the irrelevant (stop words, special characters, etc.) data from the dataset, employing two standard resampling approaches to balance the data set, i-e, oversampling, and under-sampling, extract different features (TF-IDF and BOW) from the textual data in the data set and then train & test the machine learning algorithms by applying a standard cross-validation approach (KFold and Shuffle Split). [Results/Outcomes] Furthermore, to support our research study, we developed an automated tool that automatically analyzes each customer feedback and displays the collective sentiments of customers about a specific product with the help of a graph, which helps customers to make certain decisions. In a nutshell, our proposed sentiments approach produces good results when identifying the customer sentiments from the online user feedbacks, i-e, obtained an average 94.01% precision, 93.69% recall, and 93.81% F-measure value for classifying positive sentiments.

A Study on Developing North Korean Agricultural Information Management System

  • Song Tao;Kim Kye-Hyun
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.365-372
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    • 2005
  • 북한에서는 매년 기근 때문에 상당한 인명 손실이 있어왔다. 이러한 손실을 줄이기 위해 북한 정보와 함께 다양한 정보 공유를 통해 조사 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 또한, 그에 맞는 농작물 관리 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 이 연구는 북한의 농작물 관리 시스템의 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이 시스템은 북한의 수자원의 이용 상태뿐만 아니라, 농작물에 관한 정보를 수집하고, 관리하며, 분석하는 기능을 담고 있다. 그리고 이 시스템은 최종적으로 농작물 관리에 필요한 토지 이용 계획을 수립하고, 관련된 의사 결정을 하는데 도움을 준다. 첫 번째 결과물은 농작물과 수자원 관련 데이터를 수집하고 데이터베이스로 구축한 다음 사용자 요구에 맞춰 통합 시스템을 구축하는 것이다. 두 번째는 댐, 토지 피복도, 다리, 터널, 위성영상 등의 데이터를 이용하여 데이터베이스를 업데이트하고, 강화시킨다. 세 번째는 통계분석, 지속적인 데이터베이스 갱신, web-based 시스템으로 개발 등과 같은 유용한 기능 등을 추가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과물은 농업활동을 더 용이하게 하기 위해 연관된 데이터를 수집하고 분석하게 해준다. 그리고 식량 생산을 위해 효과적인 의사결정을 하게 한다. 게다가, 정보 공유를 통해, 농작물 관련 정보를 유용하게 사용하고 데이터 관리의 비용을 줄일 수 있다.

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