• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.811-815
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electric fan installation for milk production improvement of dairy cattle in Thailand. The study was conducted using 2 small-holder dairy farms in Chiang Mai province, during April to August 2004. Electric fans were installed in front of each row of cows. Each of the two rows of cows in the barn was defined as an experimental unit, thus each farm had two experimental units. The fans were operated alternately in 7-day intervals between rows of cows within each farm during the day or between 8.00 am to 8.00 pm. Non-operation periods were used as control. Milk yields were recorded. Data on environmental temperature and humidity were obtained from Chiang Mai Meteorological Center. Result from statistically analysis of milk record suggested an interaction between lactation period and fan installation. Therefore, this interaction term of lactation period and fan installation (PERIOD_FAN) was added as a variable to the regression model. Due to the repeated data collection of milk yield from the same cow (alternate week), milk yield was analyzed by repeated measure analysis (Mixed model). Least square means were calculated for all levels and used to compare between each pair-wise values. The final data were collected from the total of 18 cows with 2,072 data. Overall means and SEM of milk yields and days in milk separated into farm were $14.7{\pm}0.06kg/day$ and $176.3{\pm}2.2days$, and $15.2{\pm}0.22kg/day$ and $202.5{\pm}3.7$ days for farm A and farm B, respectively. For multivariable analysis, only PERIOD_FAN and humidity were significantly associated with milk yield. Only the first period of lactation showed that the amount of milk yields during fan installation was higher than that of non-fan installation (p<0.05). Cows with fan installation produced approximately 1.2 kg/cow more milk than cows without fan installation during this period. In conclusion, the use of electric fan operated during the day time increased milk production of cows during the first period of lactation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.427-431
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• 2018

We report a case of a patient with necrotizing fasciitis followed by liver abscess. A 51-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 5-day history of fever and chills with painful swelling of the right thigh. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed fluid collection with numerous dark signal intensities considered as air-bubbles between the posteromedial and posterolateral groups of the right thigh, resulting in presumptive diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. At the time of admission, an ultrasonograph of the abdomen showed increased parenchymal echogenicity of both kidneys and no liver abscess. Ten days after fasciotomy, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed intrahepatic abscess. Sonography-guided percutaneous drainage was performed. Both cultures of pus specimens from the liver abscess and right thigh yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). The patient was treated with fasciotomy several times and parenteral antibiotics, after which he began to improve. After 5 weeks, liver abscess size was reduced, and after 10 weeks, liver abscess disappeared. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of K. pneumoniae-necrotizing fasciitis followed by liver abscess.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.696-706
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify experimentally debris reduction facilities for culverts installed in small rivers. A culvert is defined as a structure laid under a road or a railroad that passes through an inner urban area or downtown area to make an artificial canal. Culverts are generally categorized into road culverts or waterway culverts, among which the latter are artificial structures designed to discharge running water into a river. At the time of floods, the structural safety of waterway culverts can be undermined by the accumulation of debris, such as soil, boughs and weeds, and they may be at risk of overflowing due to blockages. Debris reduction facilities are necessary to prevent such damage. In this study, the effects of the three existing types of debris reduction facilities were examined through hydraulic experiments. The results of the experiments showed that vertical separation to divert debris reduced the accumulation rate by 27.65 to 31.39 percent. The two types of screen designed to block and divert debris, respectively, were found to have excellent debris blocking abilities. However, when the effects of the rising water level are considered simultaneously, the screen to divert debris was found to show superior effects. The screen to block debris can be considered to have excellent debris blocking ability, but requires the continuous collection of the debris, due to the high risk of rising water levels caused by its accumulation.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2001

Recently attention has been focused on the effects of early intervention, or its lack, on both normal and preterm infants. Particularly numerous studies suggest that premature infants are not necessarily understimulated but instead are subjected to inappropriate stimulation. Developmental support and sensory stimulation have become clinical opportunities in which nursing practice can impact on the neurobehavioral outcome of premature infants. Developmental care has been widely accepted and implemented in neonatal intensive care units across the country. Increasingly, attention and concern in caring for low-birth-weight infants and premature infants has led clinicians in the field to explore the effects of a complex of interventions designed to create and maintain a developmentally supportive environment; to provide age-appropriate sensory input; and to protect the infant from inappropriate, excessive and stressful stimulation. The components of developmental care include modifications of the macro-environment to reduce NICU light and sound levels, care clustering, nonnutritive sucking, and containment strategies, such as flexed positioning or swaddling. Sensory stimulation of the premature infants is presented to standardize the modification of a developmental intervention based on physiologic and behavioral cues. The most appropriate type of stimuli are those that are sensitive to infant cues. Evaluation of infant physiological and behavioral responds to specific intervention stimuli may help to identify more appropriate interventions based on infants' cues. A critical question confronting the clinician is that of determining when the evidence supporting a change in practice is sufficient to justify making that change. There are acknowledged limitations in the current studies. Many of the studies examined had small sample sizes; used nonprobability sampling; and used a phase lag design, which introduces the possibility of threats to internal validity and limits the generalizability of the results. Although many issues regarding the effects of developmental interventions remain unresolved, the available research base documents significant benefits of developmental care for LBW infants in consistent outcomes, without significant adverse effects. Particularly, although the individual studies vary somewhat in the definition of specific outcomes measured, instrumentation used, time and method of data collection, and preparaion of the care providers, in all studies, infants receiving the full protocol of individualized developmentally supportive care had improvements in some aspect of four areas of infant functioning: level of respiratory or oxygen support, the establishment of oral feeding; length of hospital stay, and infant behavioral regulation. In summary, based on the available literature, individualized developmental intervention should be incorporated into standard practice in neonatal intensive care. And this implementation needs to be coupled with ongoing research to evaluate the impact of an individualized developmental care programs on the short- and long-tenn health outcomes of LBW infants.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.16
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• pp.122-137
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• 2015

White porcelain pitcher with an openwork dragon and cloud design across its surface in the collection of the National Museum of Korea (Deoksu 5531) was acquired in 1915. The restoration has been so far completed only for the mouth of the pitcher. This study discusses a new method based on 3D scanning and printing for the restoration of missing parts in the openwork dragon and cloud design. A strength test was performed on six output materials that have been already commercialized for comparison with the strength of materials used for traditional restoration such as epoxy putty (Quick Wood^®) and epoxy (Araldite AY103+HY956^®). This process confirmed that the digital technology-aided making of a restoration model requires less time and efforts than handmade work, all the while producing a more precise model. More importantly, this method being a non-contact method, it reduces risks associated with handmade work. Another advantage of this method is that digital pre-restoration images can be saved and used for future references. Notwithstanding, future research is needed on how to effectively apply digital technology for restoration of ancient objects and how to evaluate and use 3D output as well as on the method of shaping, joining and coloring the 3D output.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.466-472
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore how to use location data for peer relations of infants in free-choice play activities. For this study, location data was collected using wearable devices for 14 students in one class at an early childhood education institution in Chungnam. For the pre-processing of the collected location data, a smoothing technique was applied to recover missing values during the collection process, and the data was visualized using Python's Matplotlib. Subsequently, the movement distance, distance between infants, and interaction types of infants were extracted from the location data using the formula. As a result of the study, it was possible to derive 1) change in moving distance, cumulative value, average value, 2) change in distance and average distance value between infants, and 3) change and trend in interaction type according to the passage of time. These results can provide valuable information on the process of forming peer groups for infants in situations where it is difficult for a teacher to closely observe all members, and can be used as meaningful information for the design and operation of educational programs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.129-141
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• 2009

Objective: This study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect, safety, safety, mechanism and metabolizing enzyme of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB (APL) in female C57B/L mouse tumor (in vivo). Method: First, to evaluate the antitumor activity of APL, we divided the mice into four groups: normal, control, APL50 (50mg/kg), and APL100 (100mg/kg). LLC-obtained American Type Culture Collection was used. LLC had been inoculated to induce tumors. To measure the anti-tumor effect of APL, we calibrated tumor size and weight. To analyze the mechanism of anti-tumor in APL, we used western blotting and to observe metabolizing enzyme in APL we used to real-time PCR. Result: APL50 and APL100 significantly inhibited tumor growth from 12 days after medicine injected. APL did not induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in LLC-bearing mouse tumor. In APL100, it decreased 41% and 71% in CYP2D22 and CYP3A11, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that APL has some anti-tumor effects in female C57B/L mouse tumor. APL should be used carefully with other drugs related with CYP2D22 and CYP3A11.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1998

Defining prediction variables related to metamemory for the adults in aging process has worthwhile meaning from the perspective that the produced results can be helpful to reducing the difficulty of memorizing efforts and it can also enhance quality of life of aged. This study attempted to analysis relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and meta memory for the subjects of middle age and old age adults. This study was designed by adopting descriptive correlational analysis method for the 468 middle and old age adults who are living in Seoul. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection was done over 1 month period in june 1998. The instruments used in this study were health status measuring scale including depression measuring scale, memory self efficacy measuring scale and metamemory measuring scale which were verified for reliability. Data collected were analized by using SPSS for frequency, Peason correlation, t-test and ANOVA according to the variables character and the study purposes. Results of the study were as follows. 1. Relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory. Relational analyses between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory supported the hypotheses of 1st, 2nd and 3rd(p < .01). These results suggested that the aged perceived great health status then their memory self-efficacy, and metamemory showed the high scores. In the case of depression when its level became decreased metamemory was inclined to increased. Thus, it is identified that strong relationship exists between these variables. 2. Perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy by subject's general characteristics. Scores of perceived health status were high in the group of man compared to the group of women, and also highly educated group showed great perceived health status. Group of persons having occupation showed high score of perceived health status and low depression score. The score of memory self-efficacy and metamemory showed higher in the middle aged than the old aged. The high scores of memory self-efficacy and metamemory were found in the group of highly educated people and who have continuing education. The high scores of memory self-efficacy were found in the group of persons having their job and high metamemory scores found in the group of persons having religion. In summary, the greater perceived health status and memory self-efficacy, the more metamemory scores were likely increased and the more depression level was decreased, the more metamemory was likely increased. Also it was found that general characteristics like educational level, continuing education and religion influenced the metamemory of the aged. Therefore, prevention the aged from getting depression and activation of health promotion are needed to delay time of memory loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.460-466
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• 2004

This study was undertaken with the aim to establish a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for urinary pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and to employ it for monitoring the reproductive status of dairy cows. Urine and blood samples were collected from the Holstein cows both pregnant and non-pregnant. The samples were then investigated for evaluating the relationship between progesterone ($P_{4}$) in blood and PdG in urine adjusted with or without urinary creatinine basis. Biweekly urine collection was employed for three cows in estrous and those artificially inseminated, while urine from pregnant cows was collected on a monthly basis. P_{4}$ and PdG levels were measured by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) and RIA techniques, respectively. Our results indicated the sensitivity of PdG for RIA being 35 pg/tube and the recovery rate of 100%. Urinary creatinine concentrations also fluctuated within a day, but change at midday was not noteworthy. Regardless of the time of urination the change in concentrations of PdG was relatively smaller and did not vary significantly. The urinary PdG concentration showed periodic changes as that with serum P_{4}$ levels during the cow's estrus cycle. The correlation coefficient rose when creatinine level in urine was adjusted but the change was also not significant. The concentrations of PdG during the luteal phase were detected between 8.2 and 17.4 ng/ml, three to five times higher than that in the follicular phase. The concentration of PdG from pregnant cows (21 days after conception) was three to four times higher than in the nonpregnant cows. Our finding suggests that the determination of urinary PdG could be reliably employed for early pregnancy detection. The urinary PdG level continued to raise until 30 days pre-partum while the concentration reached its peak at 30 ng/ml, after which it started to fall 18 to 30 days before parturition and finally fell to its nadir value one week after parturition. As the correlation coefficient between the urinary PdG and serum P_{4}$ was higher than that corrected by urinary creatinine it can be suggested that the adjustment is not needed. The concentrations of urinary PdG could be maintained stably for 2 days in urine samples stored at room temperature and extended to 8 days when the samples were pretreated by boiling for 30 minutes. In conclusion urinary PdG concentration even without the need for creatinine basis adjustment can be used directly for monitoring the reproductive status of dairy cows.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1999

Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to monitor transmission of HIV and to investigate the genetic structure of primary isolates from 12 HIV-1 subtype A infected Koreans. The individuals infected with subtype A viruses had been diagnosed as HIV-1 seropositives during the period 1987 to 1995 and blood samples have been collected from 1991 to 1997. DNA of each individual was isolated from uncultured or cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. V3-V5 (0.7 kb) fragment of HIV-1 env gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and the PCR products were sequenced. The mean value of the divergence of nucleotide of HIV-1 env V3-V5 fragment was $17.0{\pm}4.06%$ ($8.6{\sim}25.8%$) within HIV-1 subtype A isolates from Koreans. This diversity was higher than those of African isolates ($13.7{\pm}2.66%$). In the phylogenetic tree, Korean subtype A isolates were not grouped together, but intermingled into African isolates. The results of this study suggested that HIV-1 subtype A variants be introduced from multiple sites of Africa into Korea and the big genetic diversity of Korea HIV-1 subtype A isolates may be further influenced by the range of geographic locations in which the infection occurred rather than the elapsed time between infection and collection of samples and the disease progression.