• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2024

In this study, the most suitable sampling methods for the bimodal mass distribution characteristics and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols were investigated. Samples collected in Quartz, Teflon, and Nuclepore filters were analyzed for individual particles using scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS). Then, the pore diameter of the filter and the collection flow rate were determined using the theoretical collection efficiency calculation formula for two-stage separation sample collection of coarse and fine particles. The Nuclepore filter was found to be the most suitable filter for identifying the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols since it was able to separate the sample and count the different sized particles better than either Quartz or Teflon. Nuclepore filters with 8.0 ㎛ and 0.4 ㎛ pores were connected in series and exposed to a flow rate of 16.7 L/min for two-stage separation sampling. The results show that it is possible to separate and collect both coarse and fine particles. We expect that the proposed methodology will be used for future individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols and related research.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.450-456
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to develop a "Predictive Model for the Possibility of Collection Delinquent Health Insurance Contributions" for the National Health Insurance Service to enhance administrative efficiency in protecting and collecting contributions from livelihood-type defaulters. Additionally, it aims to establish customized collection management strategies based on individuals' ability to pay health insurance contributions. Methods: Firstly, to develop the "Predictive Model for the Possibility of Collection Delinquent Health Insurance Contributions," a series of processes including (1) analysis of defaulter characteristics, (2) model estimation and performance evaluation, and (3) model derivation will be conducted. Secondly, using the predictions from the model, individuals will be categorized into four types based on their payment ability and livelihood status, and collection strategies will be provided for each type. Results: Firstly, the regression equation of the prediction model is as follows: phat = exp (0.4729 + 0.0392 × gender + 0.00894 × age + 0.000563 × total income - 0.2849 × low-income type enrollee - 0.2271 × delinquency frequency + 0.9714 × delinquency action + 0.0851 × reduction) / [1 + exp (0.4729 + 0.0392 × gender + 0.00894 × age + 0.000563 × total income - 0.2849 × low-income type enrollee - 0.2271 × delinquency frequency + 0.9714 × delinquency action + 0.0851 × reduction)]. The prediction performance is an accuracy of 86.0%, sensitivity of 87.0%, and specificity of 84.8%. Secondly, individuals were categorized into four types based on livelihood status and payment ability. Particularly, the "support needed group," which comprises those with low payment ability and low-income type enrollee, suggests enhancing contribution relief and support policies. On the other hand, the "high-risk group," which comprises those without livelihood type and low payment ability, suggests implementing stricter default handling to improve collection rates. Conclusion: Upon examining the regression equation of the prediction model, it is evident that individuals with lower income levels and a history of past defaults have a lower probability of payment. This implies that defaults occur among those without the ability to bear the burden of health insurance contributions, leading to long-term defaults. Social insurance operates on the principles of mandatory participation and burden based on the ability to pay. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies that consider individuals' ability to pay, such as transitioning livelihood-type defaulters to medical assistance or reducing insurance contribution burdens.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2003

비공개정보에 상당부분 의존하는 전통적 국가정보활동 체계는 여러 문제들에 직면하고 있다. 이들은 과도한 정보수집 비용, 정보활동의 윤리성, 정보의 객관성 부족, 정보사각지대 발생 그리고 적시성 결여 등이다. 한편 국가정보활동의 주변환경은 급변하고 있다. 인터넷의 급속한 발전, 탈냉전 후 비공개정보의 공개정보화 급진전, 민간부문의 정보력 급신장 등이다. 본 연구는 이러한 당면과제들과 환경변화 상황에 대처하기 위해, 인터넷상의 다원적 공개출처로부터 수집되는 OSINT 정보의 가치를 국가정보활동의 관점에서 재평가하고, 국가정보기관의 비공개정보 수집방법 즉 영상정보, 신호정보, 인간정보, 계측정보에 각각 상응하는 OSINT 정보들을 설정하였다. 그리고 비공개정보 수집방법에 의한 수집정보와 OSINT 정보를 상호 비교하여 평가 하였다. 마지막으로 인터넷상의 다원적 공개출처정보에 기반을 둔 국가정보활동 체계를 제안하고, 전통적 국가정보활동 체계와 비교하여 장점들을 제시하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to access the effects of collection method, room temperature at oocyte recovery and culture media on the oocyte quality, fertilization and cleavage rates of in vitro matured and fertilized oocytes of Korean native goats. Ovaries obtained from a slaughterhouse were transported to the laboratory and were divided into 2 groups. One group of ovaries was maintained at 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$ of the room temperature and another group was remained at 20 to $25^{\circ}C$ during oocyte recovery. The oocytes were recovered by follicle aspiration, slicing and aspiration+slicing methods from 3 groups of follicles according to size; <2 mm, 2 to 6 mm and >6 mm. The matured oocytes were inseminated with buck epididymal spermatozoa at a concentration of 3~3.5$\times$10$^{6}$ m1 and fertilization was identified when 2 pronuclei were present in the cytoplasm. Although the recovery rate per ovary obtained by the combination of follicle aspiration + slicing(19.6$\pm$2.2) method was higher than aspiration(11.7$\pm$1.1) and slicing(14.8$\pm$1.8) collection, optimal recovery according to oocyte grades resulted form ovarian slicing compared to aspiration or combined methods(P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the mean number(2.5$\pm$1.8; 3.3$\pm$3.3; 2.9$\pm$2.4) and the proportion of favorable oocytes(Grades I, II and III) recovered(31.6%, 36.0%, 36.4%,) according to follicle size(<2 mm; 2 to 6 mm; >6 mm). Fertilization rate was 60.0%, 67.7%, 70.6% and 56.4% and the proportion of embryos/zygotes was 11.1%, 7.1%, 5.0% and 2.8% in 20~$25^{\circ}C$/BO, 30~35$^{\circ}C$/BO, 20~$25^{\circ}C$/TALP and 30~35$^{\circ}C$ /groups, respectively.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.359-368
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• 1999

Background : The purpose of this study was to determine whether cleansing the perineum and urethral meatus and using midstream urine affect the rate of bacterial contamination of urine specimens, and to determine the optimum urine collection method. We studied 41 asymptomatic healthy nursing school students. Women who were menstruating were not excluded from this study. Method : The first and midstream urine samples were collected during consecutive urinationsby each woman. The first sample was not a clean-catch specimen, and the second one was a clean-catch specimen. Both specimens were studied by urinalysis and bacterial culture with standard methods. Results : 41 women met the study criteria and 39 successfully completed the study. None of the urine cultures were positive. 68.3% of the non clean-catch first urine cultures, 53.7% of the non clean-catch midstream cultures, 33.3% of the first clean-catch urine culteres and 30.8% of the midstream clean-catch urine were found to be contaminated. There was a significant difference in the bacterial contamination rates between the first and midstream urine, and the clean-catch and non clean-catch urine(p=0.035, p =0.001 respectively). On urinalysis, 7.3% of the non clean-catch first urine, 7.3% of the non clean-catch midstream urine, 2.6% of the clean-catch first urine and 2.6% of clean-catch midstream urine were found to be above grade 2. Conclusions : According to our results, the bacterial contamination rate was the lowest in midstream and clean catch urine specimens. Threrfore it is recommended that the midstream clean-catch technique is the standard practice for collecting urine specimens for bacterial culture in women.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2009

Standard uroflowmetry measures the urine weight using single load cell to evaluate the urinary flow rate. Impact noise should be introduced due to gravity when the urine stream falls down into the container upon the load cell. The present study placed three load cells on the three vertices of a regular triangle and the three signals were ensemble averaged to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regardless of how the urination was made. Simulated urination experiment was performed with three different urine collection methods. In all three methods, SNR of the averaged signal was much higher than each load cell signals. With no urine collection device, the present signal averaging technique resulted in SNR values higher by 10~15 dB than when dual funnels or upper funnel were used to guide the urine stream. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the three point measurement followed by with ensemble averaging could enable accurate uroflowmetric test without any specially made urine collection devices.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.459-481
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• 2019

본 연구는 실제 자료로 통계적 과정을 경험할 수 있는 교수 학습 자료를 개발하고 수업에 적용했을 때 나타나는 중학교 1학년생들의 통계적 사고를 단계별, 수업형태별로 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 통계적 사고와 수업 형태간의 연관성이 있으며 단계별, 수업 형태별 차이가 나타났다. 향후 통계교육을 위한 교수 학습 모델의 설계와 적용에 유용한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2021

해양에서 얻을 수 있는 여러 자료 중 화학, 물리, 지질분야에서 취득되는 비생물 자료에 대한 정도관리는 이미 부분적으로 정립되어 있으나, 생물자료는 채집과 분석 방법을 통일하기 어려워 자료의 정도관리 방법은 시작단계에 있다. 특히 해양어류의 경우, 자료의 사용 용도가 넓어 정도관리의 필요성이 더욱 요구되고 있지만 어종별 크기, 수명, 생활사 및 서식처에 따른 채집방법, 생산하는 자료의 종류가 다양하고 방대하여 현재 일관된 정도관리 지침을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해양어류 자료가 활용되는 사례를 설명하고, 해양어류 자료수집 방법, 자료수집 방법의 한계, 그리고 해양어류 자료의 품질 개선 방안을 소개한다. 이 자료가 향후 국내에서 생산되는 해양어류자료에 관한 정도관리의 방향 정립에 도움이 되기를 희망한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the role of Korean medicine doctors in the national quarantine system and the status of their duties through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with Korean medicine staff who participated in COVID-19 work. Methods: We developed a questionnaire survey to investigate the status and perception of Korean medicine doctors' participation in responding to infectious diseases, and the results were derived by conducting frequency analysis and T-test using SPSS program. The measurement variables of this study were the status of COVID-19 related work participation and perception of Korean medicine doctors' role in infectious diseases, and the maximum significance level was 0.05. Results: There were 300 respondents to the survey, and as for the COVID-19 related work, Korean medicine treatment for COVID-19 patients accounted for the most(52.7%), and various preventive and treatment tasks such as epidemiological investigations and specimen collection were conducted. Conclusion: According to this study, it was confirmed that there are sufficient legal and administrative grounds for Korean medicine doctors to perform specimen collection and epidemiological investigations. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a policy framework to solidify the status of Korean medicine doctors in national infectious diseases in the future.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.313-316
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• 2021

사물인터넷 환경에서는 기본적으로 사물에서 발생되는 데이터를 수집하기 위하여 네트워크 구성이 필수적이다. 다양한 통신 방식으로 사물의 데이터를 처리하고 있으며, 주로 블루투스, WiFi와 같은 무선 통신 방식을 주로 사용하지만, 데이터 서버에 다양한 센서 데이터를 전달하기 위해 유선/무선 통신을 혼합해서 사용하는 경우도 있다. 사물의 데이터를 수집하려면, 센서나 엣지 장치에서 발생되는 센서 데이터를 실시간으로 수집하기 위해 통신 모듈이 탑재되어야 한다. 그리고 데이터베이스로 데이터를 전달하기 위하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처가 구성되어야 한다. 센서에서 발생된 데이터를 실시간으로 데이터 베이스에 저장하고 관리할 수 있으며, 산업안전에 필요한 데이터를 추출하여 산업안전서비스 응용에 활용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 사물 데이터 수집을 위하여 LoRa 게이트웨이를 활용하여 네트워크 환경을 구성하였으며, LoRa 모듈로부터 전달되는 사물 데이터를 수집하기 위하여 클라이언트/서버 방식의 데이터 수집 모델을 설계하였다. 데이터 수집과 저장 관리에 필요한 자원을 데이터 누수 없이 확보하기 위하여 실시간으로 데이터 수집이 가능해야 하며, 응용서비스로는 산업안전에 필요한 위치데이터 등을 실시간으로 데이터베이스에 저장 관리할 수 있도록 설계하였다.