• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2023

This study was attempted to provide basic data for the development of the nursing major curriculum and the admission strategy for attracting new students by identifying the perception of the nursing major among freshmen in the nursing department. Participants in this study were 40 freshmen who agreed to participate in the study among freshmen in the department of nursing who completed self-exploration, a required liberal arts course for freshmen opened in the first semester of 2021. Data collection was a study diary written by participants after 15 weeks of class, and the traditional content analysis method suggested by Heieh and Shannon was applied to data analysis. As a result of the study, three themes were derived: 'motivation for entering the nursing major', 'value of the nursing major', and 'obstacles to the nursing major'. Therefore, colleges and departments need to strengthen their entrance examination strategies to develop and conduct field trip programs for experiential departments linked to middle and high schools and It is necessary to solve the difficulties in taking major courses by providing subject and extracurricular programs targeting students who lack basic learning ability.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.125-148
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• 2022

This study shows the process of designing and directly developing an online archives exhibition platform using AR (AR online archives exhibition platform) as a method for effectively providing online archives exhibition. Furthermore, the usability of the platform developed for actual users was evaluated. Related literature analysis was conducted to derive the functional requirements of the online archives exhibition platform to be guaranteed by the archives exhibition platform. Based on the derived functional requirements, six development strategies were established for the development of an AR online archives exhibition platform. The specific development of the platform was carried out using the Unity Engine and was based on the development strategy. After that, using the developed platform, 'June Democratic Struggle History Exhibition' was planned based on the collection of the Busan Democratic Park. Based on this, this study attempted to specifically evaluate the possibility of applying the actual exhibition service of the platform. Based on this, this study specifically evaluated the possibility of applying the actual exhibition service of the platform, and the usability of the AR online archives exhibition platform based on user experience (UX) was evaluated through platform demonstration for 35 actual users. According to the evaluation results, there were requirements for supplementation due to the use of advanced technology, but the main opinion was that it will be very positive at this time when untact services are being activated due to the Corona Pandemic.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2007

Risk-based remediation strategy (RBRS) is a consistent decision-making process for the assessment and response to chemical release based on protecting human health and the environment. The decision-making process described integrates exposure and risk assessment practices with site assessment activities and remedial action selection to ensure that the chosen actions are protective of human health and the environment. The general sequences of events in Tier 1 is as follows: initial site assessment, development of conceptual site model with all exposure pathways, data collection on pollutants and receptors, and identification of risk-based screening level (RBSL). If site conditions do not meet RBSL, it needs further site-specific tier evaluation, Tier 2. In most cases, only limited number of exposure pathways, exposure scenarios, and chemicals of concern are considered the Tier 2 evaluation since many are eliminated from consideration during the Tier 1 evaluation. In spite of uncertainties due to the conservatism applied to risk calculations, limitation in site-specific data collections, and variables affecting the selection of target risk levels and exposure factors, RBRS provides us time- and cost-effectiveness of the remedial action. To ensure reliance of the results, the development team should consider land and resource use, cumulative risks, and additive effects. In addition, it is necessary to develop appropriate site assessment guideline and reliable toxicity assessment method, and to study on site-specific parameters and exposure parameters in Korea.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.61-118
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to construct research framework for international franchising based on existing literature and to identify research components in the framework. Franchise can be defined as management styles that allow franchisee use various management assets of franchisor in order to make or sell product or service. It can be divided into product distribution franchise that is designed to sell products and business format franchise that is designed for running it as business whatever its form is. International franchising can be defined as a way of internationalization of franchisor to foreign country by providing its business format or package to franchisee of host country. International franchising is growing fast for last four decades but academic research on this is quite limited. Especially in Korea, research about international franchising is carried out on by case study format with single case or empirical study format with survey based on domestic franchise theory. Therefore, this paper tries to review existing literature on international franchising research, providing research framework, and then stimulating new research on this field. International franchising research components include motives and environmental factors for decision of expanding to international franchising, entrance modes and development plan for international franchising, contracts and management strategy of international franchising, and various performance measures from different perspectives. First, motives of international franchising are fee collection from franchisee. Also it provides easier way to expanding to foreign country. The other motives including increase total sales volume, occupying better strategic position, getting quality resources, and improving efficiency. Environmental factors that facilitating international franchising encompasses economic condition, trend, and legal or political factors in host and/or home countries. In addition, control power and risk management capability of franchisor plays critical role in successful franchising contract. Final decision to enter foreign country via franchising is determined by numerous factors like history, size, growth, competitiveness, management system, bonding capability, industry characteristics of franchisor. After deciding to enter into foreign country, franchisor needs to set entrance modes of international franchising. Within contractual mode, there are master franchising and area developing franchising, licensing, direct franchising, and joint venture. Theories about entrance mode selection contain concepts of efficiency, knowledge-based approach, competence-based approach, agent theory, and governance cost. The next step after entrance decision is operation strategy. Operation strategy starts with selecting a target city and a target country for franchising. In order to finding, screening targets, franchisor needs to collect information about candidates. Critical information includes brand patent, commercial laws, regulations, market conditions, country risk, and industry analysis. After selecting a target city in target country, franchisor needs to select franchisee, in other word, partner. The first important criteria for selecting partners are financial credibility and capability, possession of real estate. And cultural similarity and knowledge about franchisor and/or home country are also recognized as critical criteria. The most important element in operating strategy is legal document between franchisor and franchisee with home and host countries. Terms and conditions in legal documents give objective information about characteristics of franchising agreement for academic research. Legal documents have definitions of terminology, territory and exclusivity, agreement of term, initial fee, continuing fees, clearing currency, and rights about sub-franchising. Also, legal documents could have terms about softer elements like training program and operation manual. And harder elements like law competent court and terms of expiration. Next element in operating strategy is about product and service. Especially for business format franchising, product/service deliverable, benefit communicators, system identifiers (architectural features), and format facilitators are listed for product/service strategic elements. Another important decision on product/service is standardization vs. customization. The rationale behind standardization is cost reduction, efficiency, consistency, image congruence, brand awareness, and competitiveness on price. Also standardization enables large scale R&D and innovative change in management style. Another element in operating strategy is control management. The simple way to control franchise contract is relying on legal terms, contractual control system. There are other control systems, administrative control system and ethical control system. Contractual control system is a coercive source of power, but franchisor usually doesn't want to use legal power since it doesn't help to build up positive relationship. Instead, self-regulation is widely used. Administrative control system uses control mechanism from ordinary work relationship. Its main component is supporting activities to franchisee and communication method. For example, franchisor provides advertising, training, manual, and delivery, then franchisee follows franchisor's direction. Another component is building franchisor's brand power. The last research element is performance factor of international franchising. Performance elements can be divided into franchisor's performance and franchisee's performance. The conceptual performance measures of franchisor are simple but not easy to obtain objectively. They are profit, sale, cost, experience, and brand power. The performance measures of franchisee are mostly about benefits of host country. They contain small business development, promotion of employment, introduction of new business model, and level up technology status. There are indirect benefits, like increase of tax, refinement of corporate citizenship, regional economic clustering, and improvement of international balance. In addition to those, host country gets socio-cultural change other than economic effects. It includes demographic change, social trend, customer value change, social communication, and social globalization. Sometimes it is called as westernization or McDonaldization of society. In addition, the paper reviews on theories that have been frequently applied to international franchising research, such as agent theory, resource-based view, transaction cost theory, organizational learning theory, and international expansion theories. Resource based theory is used in strategic decision based on resources, like decision about entrance and cooperation depending on resources of franchisee and franchisor. Transaction cost theory can be applied in determination of mutual trust or satisfaction of franchising players. Agent theory tries to explain strategic decision for reducing problem caused by utilizing agent, for example research on control system in franchising agreements. Organizational Learning theory is relatively new in franchising research. It assumes organization tries to maximize performance and learning of organization. In addition, Internalization theory advocates strategic decision of direct investment for removing inefficiency of market transaction and is applied in research on terms of contract. And oligopolistic competition theory is used to explain various entry modes for international expansion. Competency theory support strategic decision of utilizing key competitive advantage. Furthermore, research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative methodologies are suggested for more rigorous international franchising research. Quantitative research needs more real data other than survey data which is usually respondent's judgment. In order to verify theory more rigorously, research based on real data is essential. However, real quantitative data is quite hard to get. The qualitative research other than single case study is also highly recommended. Since international franchising has limited number of applications, scientific research based on grounded theory and ethnography study can be used. Scientific case study is differentiated with single case study on its data collection method and analysis method. The key concept is triangulation in measurement, logical coding and comparison. Finally, it provides overall research direction for international franchising after summarizing research trend in Korea. International franchising research in Korea has two different types, one is for studying Korean franchisor going overseas and the other is for Korean franchisee of foreign franchisor. Among research on Korean franchisor, two common patterns are observed. First of all, they usually deal with success story of one franchisor. The other common pattern is that they focus on same industry and country. Therefore, international franchise research needs to extend their focus to broader subjects with scientific research methodology as well as development of new theory.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.120-130
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• 2021

This study was conducted for the purpose of developing an education program using smart apps that supports free play of children based on STEAM education and verifying its effectiveness. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, contents for using smart apps based on STEAM education for children's free play were derived through literature and data collection and field surveys in related fields, and a program was developed based on this. This program is a teaching strategy in which teachers and children interact at the start, middle, and end of free play using the 'Free Play' app installed on a smartphone. An experimental study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the program using smart apps that support children's free play. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the application of this program improves the self-regulation of children. This study is a teaching strategy to support both teachers and children during free play time, the core of early childhood education, and developed and applied the program with the idea of convergence of engineering and education, and hopes that it will be a starting point for revitalizing education using smart apps in the future education field.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.335-348
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• 2014

This study investigates the technical level and industrial structure for the case of the Gazelle industry in Chungnam Province. As a results of the empirical study, the Gazelle industry of Chungnam Province shows a competitive position in terms of scale and growth capacity, which. in turn, provides income and tax collection effects due to the high level of industrial efficiency. Among the Gazelle industry of Chungnam Province, low-level technology industry, compared to high and middle-level technology industries, accelerates higher level of agglomeration and industrial growth, which provides a rapid change of industrial structure of the province. Theses research results imply that research and development investment in the Gazelle industry is essential and industrial development strategy should be conducted via step-by-step with business scale quotient (BQ) and industrial growth rate (IG). Meanwhile, there should be a serious policy review whether low-level technology industry is better off for the province compared to high and middle-level technology industries. This study expects that regional industrial policy applying the concept of Gazelle industry can accelerate regional development since the Gazelle industry contributes to the high level of income growth and employment creation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.20
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• pp.317-349
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• 1993

The purpose of this study lies in identifying Korean scientists' dependency on foreign scientific and technical information (STI), with emphasis on investigating the causes and results. Especially, this study intends to investigate the impacts that a growing dependency on foreign STI might have brought and will bring about on the development of indigenous STI in ROK. To the end, the present discussion covers the following specific research questions: 1) what are the major information sources used by Korean scientists to locate STI necessary for research-related activities\ulcorner 2) to what extent do Korean scientists use foreign STI for research-related activates, as compared to the use of domestic STI\ulcorner 3) what are the major factors causing the information dependency among Korean scientists and what are the results of the growing information dependency\ulcorner And finally, 4) what suggestions can be made for ROK to further its indigenous STI development, while minimizing its dependency on foreign STI\ulcorner Survey method, together with citation analysis method, is employed as the major data collection technique. The survey sample consists of 167 most 'representative' Korean scientists selected on the basis of their research productivity. 167 specially-designed questionnaires were mailed and 104 out of 167 were responded. Follow-up interviews were carried out for 32 out of 104 respondents, who returned the questionnaire but did not answer some specific questions. The data collected from these 104 respondents were analyzed on the basis of two distinguished groups namely, junior and senior scientist groups. Among the 104 respondents, 58 a n.0, ppeared to belong to a group of senior scientists (older than age 45 and finished their final degrees since 1980), and 46 belonged to a group of junior scientists (younger than age 45 and finished their final degrees before 1980). The major findings of the present study include: 1) Korean scientists regard 'scientific and technical journals and books'as the most important information source to obtain the recent STI; 2) their dependency on foreign STI, for the purposes of research and teaching, is extremely high (information dependency for research activities is 88.5%, and that for teaching activities 91.2%); 3) the information dependency of junior scientists are higher than that of senior scientists; 4) Korean scientists' growing information dependency is closely related to both small quantity and low quality of domestically-produced STI, and has a statistically significant relationship with their educational background; and finally, 5) in order to theoretically explain the growing information dependency of Korean scientists, a hypothesis - 'chronic cycle of information dependency' was developed and introduced. The present study suggests the promotion of indigenous STI as a desirable alternative to escape from the 'chronic cycle of information dependency. Localization of the imported foreign STI is suggested as a good strategy for the indigenous STI development, and also suggested are STI policies for both success of localization process and promotion of more efficient STI flows at national and international level.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.227-253
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to establish a mid-to-long-term comprehensive development plan for the Gimpo library, and to lay out the overall system of the library scattered by region in Gimpo, and to present Gimpo library's unique vision and strategy to differentiate it from other regions. As a research, surveys and interviews were conducted for the residents of Gimpo-si (library users and beneficiaries) and library personnel. As a result, first, all libraries in Gimpo-si have a user-centered multicultural space service with differentiated concepts and themes of each library based on the functions and roles of data collection, information services, and various programs as public libraries. Seems to be oriented. Second, with regard to Gimpo library collections, it is necessary to first collect books with high usage rate by library and expand them to the needs of consumers. Third, in order to provide the services of the Gimpo library, it is necessary to develop a service that can raise satisfaction by using the citizens' participation and utilizing them in order to derive the service by analyzing other local library programs or services.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.385-409
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the directivity of outcome management through the analysis of public library operations in Seoul. For this purpose, author evaluated the public library policies by linking the 「Metropolitan Comprehensive Library Advancement Plan 2018~2022」 and 「The Third Comprehensive Library Advancement Plan: 2020 implementation plan」 and compiled to draw up the issue of policy development on the awareness of public library services by Seoul citizens. Nest, author analyzed and compared the core infrastructure, collection services, programs and activities of 173 public libraries in 25 local governments. Based on these results, author suggested the directivity of outcome management as follow. All public libraries in Seoul must emphasize the development scope and management methods of the performance indicators. For outcome management, this study emphasized building a strategy planning with the development procedures of performance indicators, categorizing outcome management indicators, developing user-centered indicators, and improving qualitative indicators. As there is a possibility that the quality of services expressed in the output may deteriorate due to the failure of the physical input indicators, it is necessary to strengthen the input and encourage the resolution of the service gap by establishing a performance management system to logically explain the relevance or causal relationship between these indicators.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-106
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• 1986

In the field of fisheries, there is at the apex Central Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, established under the Fishery Cooperatives Law(1962), It is a multipurpose organization with a membership of 105 cooperatives, 87 regional cooperatives, 15 business-type cooperatives and 3 manufactures' cooperatives. Accordingly, this thesis examines the marketing of fishery cooperatives in Korea, and in particular considers the marketing channel strategy of fisheries products. No company can perform by itself all the activities involved in the production and distribution of its products and services to its final markets. It must work with other firms to get the job done. Thus marketing channel firms of the fisheries products include primarily the fishery cooperatives, the licensed In the field of fisheries, there is at the apex Central Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, established under the Fishery Cooperatives Law (1962). It is a multipurpose organization with a membership of 105 cooperatives, 87 regional cooperatives, 15 business-type cooperatives and 3 manufactures' cooperatives. Accordingly, this thesis examines the marketing of fishery cooperatives in Korea, and in particular considers the marketing channel strategy of fisheries products. No company can perform by itself all the activities involved in the production and distribution of its products and services to its final markets. It must work with other firms to get the job done. Thus marketing channel firms of the fisheries products include primarily the fishery cooperatives, the licensed dealers and the merchant middlemen. The goal of marketing is in matching of segments of supply and demand. Every producer seeks to the link the marketing channel firms that will help it accomplish its objective best. This thesis tries to attempt to improve the present Korean Fishery Cooperatives marketing activities. The purpose of the operation of fishery cooperatives is to guarantee the profits of fisherman as well as the interests of general consumers by eliminating the inordinate profits of middlemen and by narrowing other market margins. Fishery cooperatives marketing activity functions forming a self-helf organization for economic protection of producers themselves, and acting as a market reformational institution through its transaction by group. The following are the characteristics of fishery cooperatives marketing. \circled1 Fishery cooperatives is organized with an economic factor and a personnel factor. \circled2 Fishery cooperatives is non-profit organization. \circled3 The members of fishery cooperatives is independent constitution of economy, but they are closely connected with the cooperative. \circled4 Fishery cooperatives is a mutual aid organization. The objective of an efficient marketing strategy may be well described by the common saying provides the right product at the right time, the right place, and the right price. But it is quite true that the Korean Fishermen's Cooperative can be said to owe its development to the successful implementation of the marketing system. The use of the marketing system has resulted in the following marketing strategy. 1. The direct marketing system. \circled1 The cooperation between the fishery cooperatives and the other cooperative through the collection and delivery center. \circled2 The selling between the fishery cooperatives and the large scale retailers through the process industry. 2. The vertical marketing system. \circled1The fishermen's cooperative to be nominated by wholesaler in the terminal market. \circled2 Contracted vertical marketing system. \circled3 Abolition of selling by double auction in the landing and the terminal market. 3. The physical distribution system. \circled1 The need for adoption of cold chain system to connect production directly to consumption. \circled2 The need for more expansion of landing markets and terminal market facilities. Solutions to the problems of the Korean fishery are made possible through effective functioning of cooperative marketing activities of fishery products. The marketing concept of fishermen's cooperative lies in the satisfaction of consumer needs. According to the marketing concept fishermen's cooperative should try to satisfy customer's needs through a coodinated set of activities that allows the organization to achieve its goal. Providing satisfaction to customers is the major trust of the marketing concept. To do this, a business must find out what will satisfy customers. With this information the cooperative sells to the greatest possible number of customers through the most efficient sales and marketing channels. Economic rationality of fishermen's cooperative marketing lies in reduction of marketing cost and elimination of intermediate institutions. Cooperative marketing and direct marketing are both indispensable marketing factors for a new cooperative organization among the manu ways. The cooperation between the fishermen's cooperative and the others cooperative, and vertical marketing system are the most necessary ones. Propulsion of cooperative marketing system could not be successful without the support of the marketing instituion's help. Consequently, successful cooperative marketing ought to lead to the necessity not only for the improvement of marketing organization, but for the application of a new marketing concept in the fishermen's cooperative.