• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the present condition of cold protective clothing for mailman, to improve its design in movement, fitness, and other functions, and supply basic data for its performance evaluation. The results are as follows : The 46.60% of those questioned did not satisfy current clod protective clothing fer mailman. Especially, they considered dissatisfactory in properties such as waterproof, comfort, activity, and sweat absorption. The newly developed cold protective clothing is two-piece style composed of jacket and pants. Both jacket and pants are composed of inner and outer clothing individually. In both jacket and pants, their outer clothing's material was waterproof, windproof, and breathable shell fabric on which PTFE film laminated and their inner clothing's material was 100% polyester Polar polis to have better insulation property. The jacket has attachable cap which can be used as rain gear and set-in sleeve with stand collar. It also had big outside patch pockets and side seam pockets to ensure enough storage space. The pants have knee pads to give free movement to knees and slant side pockets. Inner clothing of both jacket and pants can be worn during working inside without out clothing. Insulation of the newly developed cold protective clothing was not better than current one except right hand, left hand and left foo. It is considered that is because thickness of material is the most important factor to influence insulation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.683-689
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate physiological responses such as rectal temperature, skin temperature, micro climate, sweat rate and subjective sensations using cold protective clothing with five different clo value. The clo value was measured by thermal manikin in windless condition. Healthy five 20's males volunteered as subjects for wearing trial experiment. The climate chamber was controlled at $50^{\circ}C$, 65% RH. The experiment consisted of repeated exercise and recovery periods. We found that the higher clo value has, the higher mean skin temperature, micro climate and sweat rate show. They felt warm and wet with higher insulation clothing. Thermal comfort increased in the last recovery period after exercise. There was significant difference between five cold protective clothing. In correlation analysis of clo value, it showed that correlation coefficient(r) values were more than 0.8. Therefore, in terms of clothing insulation, we found that correlation between thermal manikin experiment and wearing trial experiment was high. Clothing insulation could be variable according to many factors such as body movement, covering area, clothing gap, layering and design. Considering the body movement, we thought that insulation measurement need to carry out both thermal manikin experiment and wearing trial experiment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.317-326
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• 2024

This study evaluated the thermal physiological and psychological responses elicited when wearing cold protective jackets with aerogel fillings in two cold environments, one without air velocities and one with air velocities (2.3 m·s-1), at an air temperature of 10℃. The participants were five healthy young males. Measures were taken of physiological parameters, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), core temperature, oxygen uptake (Vo2), and microclimate (temperature and humidity). The psychological parameters evaluated were thermal and wetness sensation. No differences were observed in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen intake between the conditions. At tympanic temperature, a significant difference was observed between the conditions during exercise (p<.05); . A significant difference was observed in the microclimate temperature of the clothing according to the airflow, and temperature changes in the chest and back revealed different patterns. Significant differences were observed in thermal sensation (whole body (p<.05), chest (p<.05), back (p<.01)) between airflow conditions. The results therefore indicate that cold protective jackets with an aerogel filling are suitable for people operating in low-temperature and airflow environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual performance of Korean firefighter's clothing through comparisons with protective clothing used in the United State, surveys of firefighter's opinion, and experiments on the material used in Korean firefighter's clothing. The paper presents experimental results as well as ways to improve current standards. The major results are as follows: 1. Korean protective clothing is too thin and too heavy. Thicker, lighter, and more heat- resistant fabric and a lighter trim should be used. 2. Korean protective clothing is not very water-resistant. A Water-resistant outershell and an innerliner which are made of air permeable and water resistant fabric must be used. 3. Korean protective clothing's outershell and innerliner should be made of fabric that is more heat-resistant, flame-resistant, and chemical resistant. 4. Protective clothing should be more brightly colored and its reflective tape should have greater reflectivity to make firefighters more visible. 5. The fastner currently used in Korean protective clothing consists of Velcro, a button, and a D-ring which can not be opened and closed quickly. A better fastener would have just velcro and a zipper. 6. The uniform for Korean firefighters consists of only a protective coat and boots. Protective trousers should be added to the standard uniform. Also, a thermal harrier should be used in winter to protect firefighters from the cold. 7. Korean firefighters should be provided with their own personal sets of protective clothing to ensure a proper fit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1266-1275
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• 2000

This study was to research the actual condition of a dropworts working environment and to develope the clothing to reduce the work road. The actual conditions of working environment, working position and clothing were surveyed. Experiments were performed in the chamber and in the field. In the chamber, rectal temperature, 11 points skin temperatures(forehead, chest, abdomen, upperarm, forearm, dorsum manus, palm, thigh, calf, dorsum pedis and pelma), heart rates, microclimates inside clothing on the chest and subjective sensations were measured for comparing between 2 different types o garments. In the field, rectal temperature, abodomen skin temperature, 3 points microclimates inside clothing(chest, back and thigh), heart rates, the volume of EMG and subjective sensations were measured. The results were as follows; 1. There were no significant differences in rectal temperature between a old type protective clothing and a new type both in the chamber and the field. 2. Subjects wearing a old type clothing responded \"a little cold\", \"a little uncomfortable\" and subjects wearing a new type protective clothing responded \"normal\", \"comfortable\" both in the chamber and the field. 3. In the field test results, abodemen skin temperature in a old type clothing was higher and microtemperatures inside clothing of chest, back and thigh in a new type protective clothing were higher. 4. The volume of EMG was lower in the new type protective clothing than in the old one.protective clothing than in the old one.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.557-566
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• 2014

This study examines he trend in the development of protective clothing for pesticide spraying based on materials with domestic patents and proposes pesticide protection clothing using a cooling blower unit effective for reducing heat stress in pesticide spraying. There was a total of 54 domestic patents on protective clothing related to pesticide spraying, reflecting a sharp increase based on the increasing demand for protective clothing since 2000. Protective clothing with a lower level of heat stress as the core technology accounted for 35.2% of these patents, and recent years have witnessed the increased development of protective clothing supplying cold air to the interior of the clothing through a separate device. However, this may cause some inconvenience in the activity of farmers. Therefore, this study proposes a lightweight cooling blower unit that does not hinder the user's appearance and activity. In the cooling blower unit, contaminated air from outside is purified through a filter and cools down as it passes a cooling device with refrigerant in the copper pipe. This chilled air is supplied to the interior of the clothing through a bidirectional inhaling blower. The proposed protective clothing is an overall with raglan sleeves. Its chill injection site has an area where the most conspicuous change in temperature is selected, and at the back, there is a large pocket for a cooling blower unit.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

Background: Thermophysiological comfort in a cold environment is mainly ensured by clothing. However, the thermal performance and protective abilities of textile fabrics may be sensitive to extreme environmental conditions. This article evaluated the thermal insulation properties of three technical textile assemblies and determined the influence of environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) on their insulation capacity. Methods: Thermal insulation capacity and air permeability of the assemblies were determined experimentally. A sweating-guarded hotplate apparatus, commonly called the "skin model," based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11092 standard and simulating the heat transfer from the body surface to the environment through clothing material, was adopted for the thermal resistance measurements. Results: It was found that the assemblies lost about 85% of their thermal insulation with increasing wind speed from 0 to 16 km/h. Under certain conditions, values approaching 1 clo have been measured. On the other hand, the results showed that temperature variation in the range (-40℃, 30℃), as well as humidity ratio changes (5 g/kg, 20 g/kg), had a limited influence on the thermal insulation of the studied assemblies. Conclusion: The present study showed that the most important variable impacting the thermal performance and protective abilities of textile fabrics is the wind speed, a parameter not taken into account by ISO 11092.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1969

Three Combinations of cloths were evaluated for the protective effects of different kinds of clothings in cold environments. Table 1 shows the components of the three models of clothings. A prototype was made by putting a sheet of vinyl at the middle layer of raw cotton in a fabric-quilt cloths. A glove mannequin was covered by each of these cloths. The globes contained 1,000 cc of hot water about $40^{\circ}C$. Tele-thermistors were fixed in order to check the temperature of cloths space and water temperature for evaluation of calorie-loss and climate of clothings. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Without wind, there is no significant difference of air temperatures between sti-parka and quilt-wear clothing. 2) The prototype with vinyl sheet best protects against wind, the next is the ski-parka. Quilt-wear protects the least. 3) It is well-known that a working-clothing needs not have any separate liners nor outers. 4) For innermost layer of a clothing preventing cold, a cotton-fabrics is recommended and a water-proof cloths for outer layer. 5) Heat-loss was calculated from the cooling degrees of water. Calorie-loss was $910cal/m^2/hr$. when bared, but with the prototype of vinyl sheets the calorie-loss was $350cal/m^2/hr$. (38.5% of bared). Quilt-wear and ski-parka were 380(41.8%) and $440cal/m^2/hr$. (48.4%) respectively.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.195-203
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to define the effects of the finger temperature response according to the daily life of college student. For this study, 31 healthy female college students were taken as a subject group. To define the effects of the finger temperature response, housing style, subjective thermal sensations during daily life in the house and domestic working time were surveyed. The finger temperature response items were measured. The results were as follows. Strong, normal and weak group members were divided according to their cold resistance index(RI) 3, 8, 20 people, repectively. Subjective thermal sensations during daily life in the house affects the cold resistance index(p<.01). The cold resistance index(RI) got higher as domestic working time was increased(p<.05, F-value=3.927). The percentage wearing protective gloves during domestic work in the weak group was higher than the normal or strong groups. Subjective sensations during daily life and domestic working time effected the local cold tolerance, living in a comfortable environment continuously can weaken one's cold tolerance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.759-768
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• 2011

This study is designed to understand current wearing conditions of air force mechanic parkas and evaluate their functionality by examining the wearing conditions and wearers' subjective assessment. By doing so, it also intends to identify issues that require improvements; and to provide basic data for future development of air force mechanic parkas. A survey was conducted as a study methodology, and the collected 1,628 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings of this study are as follows. 1. In the usability assessment, it was found that visibility of body sides was needed to be enhanced since reflective tapes were attached only to the front and back of the body; pockets were too big, but not convenient to keep mechanic tools; the design of hiding hood was not suitable for water-proof clothing; and a new design of size-controllable hood was called for since the hood blocked eye sight. With respect to the fabric, dissatisfaction was identified with durability, cold-proof and fire-proof features. 2. In the mobility assessment, respondents showed low satisfaction with collar heights and neck girths. Mobility score was over moderate level on average, except the parka length that obstructs wearers' movement, and neck and collar size. 3. In the wearability assessment, respondents presented moderate satisfaction with pleasantness, weight, pressure and dampness. However, insulation was found unsatisfactory. Based on the result, this study proposed improvement plans on design, pattern and fabric; and is expected to serve as basic data for developing more effective and functional air force mechanic parkas.