• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2021

Objectives: Many symptoms of cold and heat patterns are related to the thermoregulation of the body. Thus, we aimed to study the association of cold and heat patterns with anthropometry/body composition. Methods: The cold and heat patterns of 2000 individuals aged 30-55 years were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among the anthropometric and body composition variables, body mass index (-0.37, 0.39) and fat mass index (-0.35, 0.38) had the highest correlation coefficients with the cold and heat pattern scores after adjustment for age and sex in the cold-heat group, while the correlation coefficients were relatively lower in the non-cold-heat group. In the cold-heat group, the most parsimonious model for the cold pattern with the variables selected by the best subset method and Lasso included sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and extracellular water/total body water (adjusted R² = 0.324), and the model for heat pattern additionally included age (adjusted R² = 0.292). Conclusions: The variables related to obesity and water balance were the most useful for predicting cold and heat patterns. Further studies are required to improve the performance of prediction models.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2018

Recently, due to the effect of global warming, the high temperature phenomenon continues, and the time for workers exposed to high temperature, cold and infrared is increasing and then safety is threatened. Due to the nature of on-site work, the work is being carried out in an unreasonable manner due to the process, which is exposed to disasters due to high temperature and cold. Even though the injured skin may be damaged, the worker may not be aware of it and may be injured. By understanding the working environment of the worker and calculating the risk index and expressing it on the helmet, the surrounding colleagues inform the worker of the risk and take appropriate measures so that the accident can be prevented in advance. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exposure duration on the workers' by measuring the exposure time, the risk index is displayed in the form of a traffic light to the helm, informing neighboring workers and managers, and transmitting to the workers by voice.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2015

시공간적 기온정보는 지구온난화와 기후변화의 이해에 있어서 중요한 기상요소이다. 본 연구에서는 인공위성 원격탐사로부터 획득된 공간적으로 균질한 지표면 정보를 이용하여 우리나라 지상기온 평가 알고리즘을 개발하였다. LST(Land Surface Temperature), NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index), NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)를 독립변수로 하는 지상기온 추정을 위한 다중회귀모형을 제안하고, 우리나라의 지역기후변화를 고려하기 위하여 온난시즌과 한랭시즌에 대한 모형의 회귀상수 및 회귀계수를 도출하였다. 개발된 기온 추정 알고리즘에 의해 산출된 온난 및 한랭시즌의 기온정보는 지상관측기온과 비교하여 우수한 상관관계를 보였고, $3^{\circ}C$ 미만의 RMSE와 거의 0에 가까운 BIAS로 매우 높은 일치성을 보였다. 따라서 인공위성 지표면 원격탐사자료를 활용하고 온난 및 한랭시즌의 구분을 적용한 기온 평가 알고리즘은 우리나라의 지역기후를 평가하는데 있어서 간략하고 유용한 수단이 될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.731-737
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• 2016

경상북도 구룡포 해역에서 하계 냉수 발생 특성과 어류 폐사를 유발하는 냉수대 강도를 파악하고자 2007년 8~11월 멍게양식장에 수온로거를 설치하여 수층별 수온을 측정하였으며, 2015년과 2016년은 국립수산과학원 실시간어장정보시스템의 표층수온 자료를 이용하였다. 동해 남부해역의 냉수대 발생 원리와 부합하게 남~남서풍이 강하게 불 때 용승으로 표층수온이 급격히 하강하였으며(2007년 8월 하순, 9월 20~22일, 2015년 7월 13~15일), 반대로 북~북동풍이 우세할 때 저층수온이 급상승하는(2007년 9월 5~7일, 9월 16~18일) 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에도 7~8월 구룡포 해역에 나타나는 약한 강도의 표층수온의 하강과 상승은 바람 방향과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구룡포 해역에서 최대풍속이 5 m/s 이상인 남~남서풍이 최소 이틀 이상 유지되면 표층수온이 약 $10^{\circ}C$ 이하로 하강하는 강한 냉수대가 발생하고 이로 인해 어류 폐사가 발생하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이를 바탕으로 포항기상대의 최대풍속과 최대풍속 풍향을 이용하여 냉수발생지수(Cold Water Index)를 정의하고 계산한 결과, $CWI_{2d}$(CWI 2일 평균)가 100 이상일 때 어류 폐사가 주로 발생하였으며, $CWI_{4d}$(CWI 4일 평균)는 7~8월 구룡포 표층수온과 높은 음의 상관성을 나타내었다($R^2=0.5$). 2007년 10월 30 m 수층의 수온 일변화($7{\sim}23^{\circ}C$)는 조석변화와 일치하는 주기와 스펙트럼을 보였으며, 이는 북한한류수 영향인 것으로 파악된다. 이와 같이 조석과 북한한류수로 인한 일변화가 어류 가 두리가 설치된 수심에도 영향을 미친다면 어업 피해로 이어질 수 있으므로 정밀한 조사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.818-823
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• 2017

The diet composition of juvenile gold-eye rockfish, Sebastes thompsoni (40-50 mm SL), was examined based on 121 individuals collected in the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water in August 2016. The Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water is characterized a by water mass of <$10.0^{\circ}C$ and 33 psu. The juvenile gold-eye rockfish fed on Amphipods [57.3% index of relative importance (IRI)] and Euphausiacea (32.9%). Most of the point in the prey-specific abundance plot indicated a high between-phenotype component (BPC).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties with high yield-productivity through wide crosses between indica and japonica rice. Genetic analysis was conducted using 55 F$_1$s obtained from half-diallel crosses among eleven cultivars of various origin including indica and japonica rice. Screening for cold tolerance was done with cold-water irrigation after transplanting until ripening stage. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant in all characters associated with dry matter accumulation at 30 and 50days after cold-water irrigation (DAC). The variance of GCA was much larger than that of SCA in plant height, shoot dry weight per plant (DWP), crop growth rate (CGR) and cold-water response index (CRI) of these characters except CRI of shoot dry weight per plant. The DWP, CGR and CRI of these characters of Gaochan 102, Tong88-7 and TR22183 were markedly higher than those of the others. GCA effects of these varieties on DWP, CGR and their CRI were also higher than those of the others, indicating that they are useful as promising parents for breeding cold-tolerant varieties. Analysis of genetic parameters for 11$\times$11 half-diallel F$_1$s revealed that inter-locus gene interaction were concerned in the expression of plant height at 50 DAC, CRI of DWP at 50 DAC, and CRI of CGR, and that intra-locus gene interaction for plant height and the other characters were partial dominance and over-dominance, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability (h$^2$$_{N}$) was the highest in plant height as 0.729, and the lowest in CRI of DWP at 30 DAC as 0.048, suggesting that selection for cold tolerance will be quite effective in case that the selection criterion is the performance itself.f.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2021

To find the optimal eggs to larvae transforming temperature of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, we investigated their hatching pattern, mortality, and larval deformities. Results showed that the hatching quality decreased as the water temperature increased and dropped sharply above 13℃. The highest hatching rate was achieved at 7℃, whereas the lowest was at 15℃. Dead eggs were not observed at 7℃; however, dead egg ratios were significantly high at 4.5℃ and above 13℃ (P<0.05). Mortality of larvae after hatching was not observed at 4.5℃, but was significantly high above 13℃. The DNA content of the larvae did not show any significant difference at all water temperatures; however, RNA content was the highest at 7℃ and was significantly low above 11℃. In addition, RNA/DNA ratio was the highest at 7℃. Larval deformities after hatching were low at 7-11℃ and higher at higher or lower water temperature. Therefore, the hatching index and larval health index of Walleye pollock eggs in this study show that 7℃ to 11℃ seems to be the optimal transforming water temperature range.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1425-1433
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• 2012

Water temperature in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea (EYS) during winter (JFM) and summer (JJA) from 1964 to 2009 and Siberian High Pressure Index (SHI) and Arctic Oscillation index (AOI) during winter (JFM) from 1950 to 2011 were used to analyze long-term variation in oceanic and atmospheric conditions and relationship between winter and summer bottom water temperature. Winter water temperature at 0, 30 and 50 m had fluctuated highly till the late of 1980s, but after this it was relatively stable. The long-term trends in winter water temperature at both depths were separated with cold regime and warm regime on the basis of the late 1980s. Winter water temperature at 0m and 50m during warm regime increased about $0.9^{\circ}C$ and $1.1^{\circ}C$ respectively compared to that during cold regime. Fluctuation pattern in winter water temperature matched well with SHI and AOI The SHI had negative correlation with water temperature at 0 m (r=-0.51) and 50 m (r=-0.58). On the other hand, the AO had positive correlation with Winter water temperature at 0 m (r=0.34) and 50 m (r=0.45). Cyclic fluctuation pattern of winter water temperature had a relation with SHI and AO, in particular two to six-year periodicity were dominant from the early of the 1970s to the early of the 1980s. Before the late of 1980s, change pattern in winter water temperature at 0 and 50 m was similar with that in the bottom water temperature during summer, but after this, relationship between two variables was low.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.428-435
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• 1994

쌀전분의 다각적 이용을 위하여 고순도의 멥쌀전분과 찹쌀전분을 Alkali 침지법에 의해 제조하여 각각 드럼 건조기와 압출성형기로 변성전분을 제조한 후 특성을 검토하였다. 청값은 찹쌀전분이 가장 낮았으며 변성 후 L값이 감소하였다. 수분용해지수는 압출성형기로 제조한 변성전분들이 높은 값을 나타내었으며 수분흡수지수는 드럼건조기로 제조한 변성전분들이 높았다. Cold-Water-Solubility는 측정에서는 드럼건조기를 이용한 멥쌀변성전분이 가장 높았다. 각 시료들의 광투과도는 온도 증가에 따라 일정한 양상을 보이지 않았다. 드럼건조기로 제조한 멥쌀변성전분은 전단속도의 증가에 따라 점조성지수가 급격히 증가하였으며 항복응력도 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. Gel Permeation Chromatography에 의하면 전분을 변성시킴에 따라 분자길이의 절단과 아밀로오스 분해가 일어남을 알 수 있었으며 X-선 간섭도형측정(XRI)에 의한 간섭도형은 피크를 상실한 V도형의 X-선 회절양상을 보임으로서 결정구조가 무정형으로 변화 된 것을 알 수 있었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2002

Background: Aerobic training can be defined as any physical exercise that increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of body. Running, cycling, and swimming are examples of aerobic activities. This type of exercise optimises immune functions. Recently several experimental findings suggested that the regular swimming training increase immune response, but there have been very few reports which compare warm water exercise with cold water exercise in spleen lymphocytes. Methods: This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swimming training on Index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by splenocytes in BALB/c mice. Thirty six mice (6 week old) were performed 10 weeks of regular swimming training and they were divided into 6 groups according to the regular swimming training (CRG: control resting group, CEG: control exercise group, WRG: warm water trained resting group, WEG: warm water trained exercise group, CORG: cold water trained resting group, COEG: cold water exercise group). Analytical items were weight change, spleen index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of ROS. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS package program (ver. 10.0). Results: The swimming training significantly decreased body weight, and increased spleen index, the number of lymphocytes and proliferative activity in the presence or absence of Con A and LPS added conditions. For the WRG and CORG, the quantity of ROS from splenocytes was higher than CRG, whereas, ROS by spleen lymphocytes was lower following 90 min acute exercise stress. Conclusion: These results suggested that the swimming training not only increases the number of lymphocytes but also increases proliferative activity by splenocytes in vitro.